An Introduction to Knowledge Graphs

• Autore: Serles Umutcan
• Pubblicazione: Cham : , : Springer, , 2024; ©2024
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (440 pages)
• Disciplina: 001.4226
• Altri autori: FenselDieter
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- References -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Part I: Knowledge Technology in Context -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2: Artificial Intelligence -- 2.1 General Problem Solver and Limited Rationality -- 2.2 Knowledge Representation -- 2.3 Reasoning with Knowledge -- 2.4 Knowledge Modeling -- 2.5 Ontologies -- 2.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 3: Information Retrieval and Hypertext -- 3.1 Boolean Model -- 3.2 Vector Space Model -- 3.3 Evaluation of Information Retrieval Systems -- 3.4 PageRank -- 3.5 Applications and Systems -- 3.6 Hypertext -- 3.7 Summary -- References -- Chapter 4: The Internet -- Chapter 5: The World Wide Web -- 5.1 Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) -- 5.2 REST and HTTP -- 5.3 HTML and XML -- 5.4 Is XML Schema an Ontology Language? -- References -- Chapter 6: Natural Language Processing -- 6.1 An Example: The GATE System -- References -- Chapter 7: Semantic Web: Or AI Revisited -- References -- Chapter 8: Databases -- References -- Chapter 9: Web of Data -- 9.1 Linked Data -- 9.2 Linked Open Data -- References -- Chapter 10: Knowledge Graphs -- References -- Part II: Knowledge Representation -- Chapter 11: Introduction to Knowledge Representation -- Reference -- Chapter 12: The Five Levels of Representing Knowledge -- References -- Chapter 13: Epistemology -- 13.1 Data Model -- 13.1.1 The Resource Description Framework (RDF) -- 13.1.2 RDF Schema (RDFS) -- 13.1.3 RDF(S) Serialization -- 13.1.4 Tools -- 13.1.5 Summary -- 13.2 Data Retrieval and Manipulation -- 13.2.1 SPARQL -- 13.2.1.1 Data Retrieval -- 13.2.1.2 Data Manipulation -- 13.2.1.3 Subqueries -- 13.2.1.4 Tools and Applications -- 13.2.2 SHACL -- 13.2.2.1 Basic Notions -- 13.2.2.2 Target Declarations -- 13.2.2.3 Constraint Components -- 13.2.2.3.1 Cardinality Constraints -- 13.2.2.3.2 Value Type Constraints. ; 13.2.2.3.3 Value Constraints -- 13.2.2.3.4 Value Range Constraints -- 13.2.2.3.5 String-Based Constraints -- 13.2.2.3.6 Logical Constraints -- 13.2.2.3.7 Shape-Based Constraints -- 13.2.2.3.8 Property Pair Constraints -- 13.2.2.4 Tools and Applications -- 13.2.3 Summary -- 13.3 Reasoning over Data -- 13.3.1 OWL and OWL2 -- 13.3.1.1 OWL -- 13.3.1.1.1 Basic Notions -- 13.3.1.1.2 OWL Dialects -- 13.3.1.1.3 Modelling Primitives -- 13.3.1.2 OWL2 -- 13.3.1.2.1 OWL2 Profiles -- 13.3.1.2.2 Modelling Primitives -- 13.3.1.3 Tools and Applications -- 13.3.2 Rules -- 13.3.2.1 Rule Interchange Format (RIF) -- 13.3.2.2 Datalog -- 13.3.2.3 F-Logic -- 13.3.2.4 Datalog in RIF -- 13.3.2.5 Tools and Applications -- 13.3.3 Summary -- 13.4 SKOS: A Lightweight Approach for Schema Integration -- 13.4.1 Knowledge Organization Systems -- 13.4.1.1 Controlled Vocabulary -- 13.4.1.2 Synonym Rings -- 13.4.1.3 Authority Files -- 13.4.1.4 Taxonomies -- 13.4.1.5 Thesaurus -- 13.4.2 Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) -- 13.4.2.1 Concept -- 13.4.2.2 Concept Scheme -- 13.4.2.3 Lexical Label -- 13.4.2.4 Documentation Properties -- 13.4.2.5 Semantic Relations -- 13.4.2.6 Mapping Properties -- 13.4.3 Tools and Applications -- 13.4.4 Summary -- 13.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 14: The Logical Level -- 14.1 Logics -- 14.1.1 Propositional Logic -- 14.1.1.1 Motivation -- 14.1.1.2 Syntax -- 14.1.1.3 Interpretation -- 14.1.1.4 Model Theory -- 14.1.1.5 Proof Systems -- 14.1.1.6 Example: Resolution -- 14.1.1.7 Summary -- 14.1.2 First-Order Logic -- 14.1.2.1 Motivation -- 14.1.2.2 Syntax -- 14.1.2.3 Interpretation -- 14.1.2.4 Model Theory -- 14.1.2.5 Proof Systems -- 14.1.2.6 Summary -- 14.1.3 Description Logic -- 14.1.3.1 Motivation -- 14.1.3.2 Syntax -- 14.1.3.3 Attributive (Concept) Language with Complements -- 14.1.3.4 The Holy Language Family. ; 14.1.3.5 Interpretation, Model Theory, and Proof Systems -- 14.1.3.6 Summary -- 14.1.4 Herbrand Model Semantics -- 14.1.4.1 Herbrand Models -- 14.1.4.2 Minimal Model Semantics -- 14.1.4.3 Perfect Model Semantics -- 14.1.4.4 Summary -- 14.1.5 Second-Order Logic and Further Logical Variants -- 14.1.5.1 Second-Order Logic -- 14.1.5.2 Other Logic Variants -- 14.1.6 Reasearch -- 14.1.7 Summary -- 14.2 RDF(S) Semantics -- 14.2.1 RDF(S) Layering -- 14.2.2 RDF(S) Interpretations -- 14.2.2.1 Simple Interpretation -- 14.2.2.2 D-Interpretation -- 14.2.2.3 RDF Interpretation -- 14.2.2.4 RDFS Interpretation -- 14.2.2.5 Finiteness of RDF Interpretations and Containers -- 14.2.3 RDF(S) Entailment -- 14.2.3.1 Simple Entailment -- 14.2.3.2 D-Entailment -- 14.2.3.3 RDF Entailment -- 14.2.3.4 RDFS Entailment -- 14.2.4 Summary -- 14.2.5 Appendix -- 14.2.5.1 Appendix: RDF Semantic Conditions -- 14.2.5.2 RDF Axiomatic Triples -- 14.2.5.3 Appendix: RDFS Semantic Conditions -- 14.2.5.4 Appendix: RDFS Axiomatic Triples -- 14.3 SPARQL Query Evaluation -- 14.3.1 Algebra -- 14.3.2 SPARQL Algebra -- 14.3.2.1 Basic Notions -- 14.3.2.2 BGP -- 14.3.2.3 Join -- 14.3.2.4 LeftJoin -- 14.3.2.5 Union -- 14.3.2.6 Filter -- 14.3.3 Example Abstract Query Evaluation -- 14.3.3.1 Evaluation of BGP Operations -- 14.3.3.2 Evaluation of LeftJoin -- 14.3.4 Summary -- 14.4 Summary -- References -- Chapter 15: Analysis of Schema.org at Five Levels of KR -- 15.1 Schema.org at the Conceptual Level -- 15.2 Schema.org at the Epistemological Level -- 15.2.1 Types -- 15.2.2 Properties -- 15.2.3 Inheritance -- 15.2.4 Instantiation Relationship -- 15.2.5 Multityped Entities -- 15.3 Schema.org at the Logical Level -- 15.3.1 Types -- 15.3.2 Properties -- 15.3.3 Inheritance -- 15.3.4 Instantiation -- 15.3.5 Multityped Entities -- 15.4 Schema.org at the Implementation Level -- 15.5 Summary -- References. ; Chapter 16: Summary -- Part III: Knowledge Modeling -- Chapter 17: Introduction: The Overall Model -- References -- Chapter 18: Knowledge Creation -- 18.1 Ontologies -- 18.1.1 Domain-Independent Ontologies -- 18.1.2 Domain Ontologies -- 18.1.3 Ontology Engineering and Methodologies -- 18.1.4 Ontology Manifoldness -- 18.1.4.1 Ontology Modularization -- 18.1.4.2 Ontology Alignment -- 18.1.4.3 Ontology Merging -- 18.1.4.4 Ontology Networks -- 18.1.5 Summary -- 18.2 ABox Creation -- 18.2.1 Domain Specification, a Connector for ABox and TBox -- 18.2.2 Bottom-Up and Top-Down Domain Specification -- 18.2.2.1 Bottom-Up Development -- 18.2.2.2 Top-Down Application -- 18.2.3 Manual, Semi-Automatic, and Automatic Creation of Knowledge -- 18.2.4 Handling of Dynamic and Active Data -- 18.2.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 19: Knowledge Hosting -- 19.1 Challenges in Hosting Knowledge Graphs -- 19.2 Knowledge Hosting Paradigms -- 19.2.1 Relational Databases -- 19.2.2 Document Model -- 19.2.3 Graph Databases -- 19.3 RDF Triplestores -- 19.4 Illustration: German Tourism Knowledge Graph in GraphDB -- 19.4.1 Storing an RDF Graph -- 19.4.2 Querying -- 19.4.3 Visualization -- 19.4.4 Reasoning -- 19.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 20: Knowledge Assessment -- 20.1 Quality Dimensions -- 20.2 Calculating Quality Score -- 20.3 Approaches and Illustration -- 20.4 Summary -- References -- Chapter 21: Knowledge Cleaning -- 21.1 Error Types -- 21.1.1 Wrong Instance Assertions -- 21.1.2 Wrong Equality Assertions -- 21.1.3 Wrong Property Value Assertions -- 21.2 Error Detection and Correction -- 21.2.1 Syntactical Processing -- 21.2.2 Statistical Methods -- 21.2.3 Logical and Knowledge-Based Approaches -- 21.2.3.1 Disjointness Axioms -- 21.2.3.2 Detection of Invalid sameAs Statements -- 21.2.3.3 Functional Dependencies -- 21.2.3.4 SHACL Data Shapes. ; 21.2.4 A Few Frameworks for Error Detection and Correction -- 21.3 Illustration: Cleaning the German Tourism Knowledge Graph -- 21.3.1 Error Detection -- 21.3.2 Error Correction -- 21.4 Summary -- References -- Chapter 22: Knowledge Enrichment -- 22.1 Identification of Additional Data and Knowledge Sources -- 22.2 Data Lifting -- 22.3 TBox Alignment -- 22.4 ABox Integration -- 22.4.1 Entity Resolution -- 22.4.2 Data Fusion -- 22.5 Illustration: Enriching the German Tourism Knowledge Graph -- 22.5.1 Duplicate Detection -- 22.5.2 Data Fusion -- 22.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 23: Tooling and Knowledge Deployment -- 23.1 Tooling for the Knowledge Graph Life Cycle -- 23.1.1 Knowledge Creation -- 23.1.1.1 Manual Annotation Editor -- 23.1.1.2 Mapper -- 23.1.2 Knowledge Hosting -- 23.1.2.1 Hosting of Web Annotations -- 23.1.2.2 Hosting of Knowledge Graphs -- 23.1.3 Knowledge Assessment -- 23.1.4 Knowledge Cleaning -- 23.1.5 Knowledge Enrichment -- 23.1.6 Knowledge Deployment -- 23.2 Knowledge Access and Representation Layer -- 23.2.1 Architecture -- 23.2.2 Knowledge Activators -- 23.2.2.1 Specifications -- 23.2.2.2 Engines -- 23.2.3 Illustration -- 23.2.3.1 A Knowledge Activator for Vegan Restaurants in Germany -- 23.2.3.2 Running a Query Through KARL -- 23.3 Summary -- References -- Chapter 24: Summary -- Part IV: Applications -- Chapter 25: Applications -- 25.1 Migration from Search to Query Answering -- 25.2 Virtual Assistants -- 25.3 Enterprise Knowledge Graphs -- 25.3.1 Data and Knowledge Integration Inside an Enterprise -- 25.3.2 Data and Knowledge Exchange in Enterprise Networks -- 25.3.2.1 A Centralized Solution -- 25.3.2.2 Decentralized Solutions -- 25.4 Cyber-Physical Systems and Explainable AI -- 25.5 Summary -- References.
• Titolo autorizzato: An Introduction to Knowledge Graphs
• ISBN: 9783031452567; 9783031452550
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910865249903321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II