In situ bioremediation : when does it work? / / Water Science and Technology Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council

• Pubblicazione: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1993
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (224 p.)
• Disciplina: 628.5/2
• Soggetto topico: In situ bioremediation - Evaluation
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: In Situ Bioremediation -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- PRINCIPLES OF BIOREMEDIATION -- THE CURRENT PRACTICE OF BIOREMEDIATION -- Engineered Bioremediation -- Intrinsic Bioremediation -- Integration of Bioremediation with Other Technologies -- EVALUATING IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION -- Measurements of Field Samples -- Experiments Run in the Field -- Modeling Experiments -- Limitations Inherent in Evaluating In Situ Bioremediation -- CONCLUSIONS: FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR BIOREMEDIATION -- Recommended Steps In Research -- Recommended Steps in Education -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Principles of Bioremediation -- THE ROLE OF MICROBES IN BIOREMEDIATION -- How Microbes Destroy Contaminants -- Basics of Microbial Metabolism -- Variations on Basic Metabolism -- Microbial Nutritional Requirements for Contaminant Destruction -- How Microbes Demobilize Contaminants -- Indicators of Microbial Activity -- Chemical Changes -- Adaptation by Native Organisms -- Growth of Predators -- Complicating Factors -- Unavailability of Contaminants to the Organisms -- Toxicity of Contaminants to the Organisms -- Presence of Multiple Contaminants and Natural Organic Chemicals -- Incomplete Degradation of Contaminants -- Inability to Remove Contaminants to Low Concentrations -- Aquifer Clogging -- CONTAMINANTS SUSCEPTIBLE TO BIOREMEDIATION -- Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Derivatives -- Halogenated Compounds -- Halogenated Aliphatics -- Halogenated Aromatics -- Nitroaromatics -- Metals -- ENVIRONMENTS AMENABLE TO BIOREMEDIATION -- Two Types of Bioremediation: Intrinsic and Engineered -- References -- Site Conditions for Engineered Bioremediation -- Site Conditions for Intrinsic Bioremediation -- Impact of Site Heterogeneity on Bioremediation -- FURTHER READING -- 3 The Current Practice of Bioremediation -- BIOREMEDIATION VERSUS OTHER TECHNOLOGIES. ; BASICS OF BIOREMEDIATION PROCESS DESIGN -- Engineered Bioremediation -- Bioremediation Systems for Unsaturated Soils -- Bioremediation Systems for Ground Water -- Intrinsic Bioremediation -- INTEGRATION OF BIOREMEDIATION WITH OTHER TECHNOLOGIES -- GOOD PRACTICES -- 4 Evaluating In Situ Bioremediation -- A THREE-PART STRATEGY FOR ''PROVING" IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION -- TECHNIQUES FOR DEMONSTRATING BIODEGRADATION IN THE FIELD -- Measurements of Field Samples -- References -- Number of Bacteria -- Number of Protozoans -- Rates of Bacterial Activity -- References -- Bacterial Adaptation -- Inorganic Carbon Concentration -- Carbon Isotope Ratios -- Electron Acceptor Concentration -- Byproducts of Anaerobic Activity -- Intermediary Metabolite Formation -- Ratio of Nondegradable to Degradable Substances -- References -- Experiments Run in the Field -- Stimulating Bacteria Within Subsites -- Measuring the Electron Acceptor Uptake Rate -- Monitoring Conservative Tracers -- Labeling Contaminants -- Modeling Experiments -- Types of Models -- How to Use Models -- References -- Limitations of Models -- LIMITATIONS INHERENT IN EVALUATING IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION -- 5 Future Prospects for Bioremediation -- NEW FRONTIERS IN BIOREMEDIATION -- THE INCREASING IMPORTANCE OF EVALUATING BIOREMEDIATION -- Recommended Steps in Research -- Recommended Steps in Education -- Background Papers -- A Regulator's Perspective on In Situ Bioremediation -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- SITE DESCRIPTION -- PROCESS DESCRIPTION -- OVERALL SITE CLEANUP DESCRIPTION -- CONCLUSION -- An Industry's Perspective on Intrinsic Bioremediation -- SUMMARY -- PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION -- EVIDENCE FOR INTRINSIC BIOREMEDIATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN -- LEVELS OF INTRINSIC ATTENUATION IN GROUND WATER -- FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- REFERENCES -- Bioremediation from an Ecological Perspective -- SUMMARY. ; INTRODUCTION -- BASIC PRINCIPLES -- Specificity -- Microbial Diversity -- Biogeography of Biodegraders -- Pollutants as Analogs of Natural Products -- Natural Selection -- THREE KEY QUESTIONS -- Is the Chemical Biodegradable? -- Is the Environment Habitable? -- What Is the Rate-Limiting Factor and Can It Be Modified? -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- In Situ Bioremediation: The State of the Practice -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS -- CURRENT USES -- Treatment of Degradable Mobile Contaminants -- Resistant Organics -- FUTURE OF THE TECHNOLOGY -- Physical/Chemical Limitations -- Microbiological Limitations -- Site Assessment Limitations -- Future Needs -- Bioaugmentation -- Analytical Methods -- Process Innovations -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Engineering Challenges of Implementing In Situ Bioremediation -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- SUBSURFACE BIOREACTOR REQUIREMENTS -- Subsurface Investigation -- Permeability -- Environmental Conditions -- Monitoring -- AQUIFER PREPARATION -- Source and Free Product Removal -- Plume Containment -- IN SITU BIOSTIMULATION -- Role of Nutrients, Electron Donors, Acceptors -- Alternate Substrates -- Nutrient Delivery -- Oxygen, Air, Hydrogen Peroxide -- Inorganic Nutrients -- Microbial Introduction -- DETERMINING THE SUCCESS OF IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION -- Field-Monitoring Methods -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Modeling In Situ Bioremediation -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- MODELING BIODEGRADATION PROCESSES -- Previous Modeling Efforts -- Development and Application of BIOPLUME -- REFERENCES -- Testing Bioremediation in the Field -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- APPROPRIATE SITE CHARACTERIZATION -- Estimates of Total Contaminant Mass -- Estimates of Contaminant Dilution in Ground Water -- Estimate of Recirculated Volume of Water. ; Estimate of Partitioning Between Oil and Water -- Estimate of Bioremediation -- CRITERIA FOR SUCCESS AT FIELD SCALE -- Can Any Oily-Phase Residual Support a Plume? -- Accounting for Spatial Heterogeneity -- Remediation of Ground Water at the Denver Site -- Remediation of Subsurface Material at the Denver Site -- Do Mass Transfer Effects Limit Development of a Plume? -- Relationship to Siting and Sampling Monitoring Wells -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Appendixes -- A Glossary -- B Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff -- Index -- Other Recent Reports of the Water Science and Technology Board.
• Titolo autorizzato: In situ bioremediation
• ISBN: 1-280-19609-2; 9786610196098; 0-309-58550-3; 0-585-02726-9
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910827558103321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II