Handbook of Material Weathering

• Autore: Wypych George
• Pubblicazione: San Diego : , : ChemTec Publishing, , 2018; ©2018
• Edizione: 6th ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource
• Disciplina: 620.1/1223
• Soggetto topico: Materials - Deterioration; Materials - Biodegradation; Polymers - Deterioration; Polymers - Biodegradation; Environmental testing; Polymers; Biodegradation, Environmental
• Soggetto genere / forma: Handbook
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Front Cover -- Handbook of Material Weathering -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Chapter 1. Photophysics -- 1.1 NATURE OF RADIATION -- 1.2 ABSORPTION OF RADIATION BY MATERIALS -- 1.3 FATE AND UTILIZATION OF ABSORBED ENERGY -- 1.4 RADIATIVE PROCESSES INVOLVING DIMERS -- 1.5 MODELING AND PHOTOPHYSICAL DATA -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2. Photochemistry -- 2.1 TYPICAL ROUTES OF PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS -- 2.2 PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIVITY AND QUANTUM YIELD -- 2.3 EXCITATION OF EXCITED STATE -- 2.4 PARAMETERS OF PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS -- 2.6 QUENCHERS AND PHOTOSENSITIZERS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3. Parameters of Exposure -- 3.1 RADIATION -- 3.2 TEMPERATURE -- 3.3 WATER -- 3.4 ATMOSPHERE COMPOSITION -- 3.5 POLLUTANTS -- 3.6 BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES -- 3.7 WATER POLLUTANTS -- 3.8 STRESS -- 3.9 COOPERATIVE ACTION OF DIFFERENT PARAMETERS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4. Measurements in Assessment of Weathering Conditions -- 4.1 RADIATION -- 4.2 SUNSHINE DURATION -- 4.3 TEMPERATURE -- 4.4 RELATIVE HUMIDITY -- 4.5 TIME OF WETNESS -- 4.5 RAIN -- 4.6 POLLUTANTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5. Climatic Conditions -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 RADIATION -- 5.3 SUNSHINE DURATION -- 5.4 TEMPERATURE -- 5.5 PRECIPITATION -- 5.6 RELATIVE HUMIDITY -- 5.7 WETNESS TIME -- 5.8 POLLUTANTS -- 5.9 SURFACE SOILING -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6. Methods of Outdoor Exposure -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND DEGRADATION RATE -- 6.3 VARIABILITY OF WEATHER CONDITIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE STRATEGY IN OUTDOOR EXPOSURES -- 6.4 INFLUENCE OF SPECIMEN PROPERTIES -- 6.5 TYPICAL METHODS OF OUTDOOR EXPOSURE -- 6.6 OTHER PARAMETERS OF EXPOSURE -- 6.7 RELEVANT STANDARDS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7. Laboratory Degradation Studies -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.2 LIGHT SOURCES -- 7.3 FILTERS -- 7.4 RADIATION: DELIVERY, MONITORING, AND CONTROL -- 7.5 TEMPERATURE CONTROL -- 7.6 HUMIDITY CONTROL. ; 7.7 SPECIMEN SPRAYING -- 7.8 SPECIMEN RACKS AND HOLDERS -- 7.9 WEATHERING EQUIPMENT -- 7.10 CORRELATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT DEVICES -- 7.11 POLLUTANTS -- 7.12 PRECISION OF STUDIES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8. Weathering Cycles -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9. Sample Preparation -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10. Weathering Data Interpretation. Lifetime Prediction -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11. Artificial Weathering Versus Natural Exposure -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12. Effect of Weathering on Material Properties -- 12.1 MASS LOSS -- 12.2 DEPTH OF DEGRADATION -- 12.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES -- 12.4 CHANGES OF COLOR AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES -- 12.5 SURFACE CHANGES -- 12.6 MOLECULAR WEIGHT -- 12.7 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SURFACE AND BULK -- 12.8 MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE OF SURFACE LAYERS -- 12.9 GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE -- 12.10 SELF-HEALING -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13. Testing Methods of Weathered Specimen -- 13.1 VISUAL EVALUATION -- 13.2 MICROSCOPY -- 13.3 IMAGING TECHNIQUES -- 13.4 GLOSS -- 13.5 COLOR CHANGES -- 13.6 VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY -- 13.7 UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRY -- 13.8 INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY -- 13.9 NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY -- 13.10 RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY -- 13.11 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE -- 13.12 ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE -- 13.13 MASS SPECTROMETRY -- 13.14 POSITRON ANNIHILATION LIFETIME SPECTROSCOPY -- 13.15 CHEMILUMINESCENCE, FLUORESCENCE, AND PHOSPHORESCENCE -- 13.16 ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY -- 13.17 WAXS AND SAXS -- 13.18 X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY, XPS -- 13.19 X-RAY MICROTOMOGRAPHY -- 13.20 MASS CHANGE -- 13.21 DENSITY -- 13.22 CONTACT ANGLE -- 13.23 DIFFUSION OF GASSES AND WATER TRANSPORT IN POLYMERS -- 13.24 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES -- 13.25 ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENTS -- 13.26 THERMAL ANALYSIS -- 13.27 RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS -- 13.28 OTHER PHYSICAL PARAMETERS -- 13.29 TENSILE STRENGTH -- 13.30 ELONGATION. ; 13.31 FLEXURAL STRENGTH -- 13.32 IMPACT STRENGTH -- 13.33 CREEP AND CONSTANT STRAIN TESTS -- 13.34 RESIDUAL STRESS -- 13.35 SCRATCH AND MAR RESISTANCE -- 13.36 OTHER MECHANICAL PROPERTIES -- 13.37 SURFACE ROUGHNESS -- 13.38 MOLECULAR WEIGHT -- 13.39 GAS AND LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY -- 13.40 TITRIMETRY -- 13.41 DEHYDROCHLORINATION RATE -- 13.42 GEL FRACTION -- 13.43 OXYGEN UPTAKE -- 13.44 WATER ABSORPTION, POROSITY -- 13.45 MICROORGANISM GROWTH TEST -- 13.46 ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS CRACKING RESISTANCE -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14. Data on Specific Polymers -- 14.1 ACRYLONITRILE-BUTADIENE-STYRENE, ABS -- 14.2 ACRYLONITRILE-STYRENE-ACRYLATE, ASA -- 14.3 ALKYD RESINS -- 14.4 ACRYLIC RESINS -- 14.5 CELLULOSE -- 14.6 CHITOSAN -- 14.7 EPOXY RESINS -- 14.8 ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE RUBBER, EPR -- 14.9 ETHYLENE VINYL ACETATE COPOLYMER, EVAC -- 14.10 ETHYLENE PROPYLENE DIENE MONOMER, EPDM -- 14.11 FLUOROPOLYMERS -- 14.12 MELAMINE RESINS -- 14.13 PHENOXY RESINS -- 14.14 POLYACRYLAMIDE -- 14.15 POLYACRYLONITRILE -- 14.16 POLYAMIDES -- 14.17 POLYANILINE -- 14.18 POLYCARBONATES -- 14.19 POLYESTERS -- 14.20 POLYETHYLENE -- 14.21 POLYETHYLENE, CHLORINATED -- 14.22 POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) -- 14.23 POLYFLUORENE -- 14.24 POLYIMIDES -- 14.25 POLY(LACTIC ACID) -- 14.26 POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE -- 14.27 POLYOXYETHYLENE -- 14.28 POLYOXYMETHYLENE -- 14.29 POLY(PHENYLENE OXIDE) -- 14.30 POLY(PHENYLENE SULFIDE) -- 14.31 POLY(P-PHENYLENE TEREPHTHALAMIDE) -- 14.32 POLY(-PHENYLENE VINYLENE) -- 14.33 POLYPROPYLENE -- 14.34 POLYSTYRENES -- 14.35 POLYSULFONES -- 14.36 POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE -- 14.37 POLYTHIOPHENE -- 14.38 POLYURETHANES -- 14.39 POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) -- 14.40 POLYVINYLCHLORIDE -- 14.41 POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE) -- 14.42 POLY(VINYL METHYL ETHER) -- 14.43 STYRENE-ACRYLONITRILE COPOLYMER -- 14.44 SILICONES -- 14.45 POLYMER BLENDS -- 14.46 RUBBERS. ; Chapter 15. Effect of Additives on Weathering -- 15.1 FILLERS AND REINFORCING FIBERS -- 15.2 PIGMENTS -- 15.3 PLASTICIZERS -- 15.4 SOLVENTS AND DILUENTS -- 15.5 FLAME RETARDANTS -- 15.6 IMPACT MODIFIERS -- 15.7 THERMAL STABILIZERS -- 15.8 ANTIOXIDANTS -- 15.9 ANTIMICROBIAL ADDITIVES -- 15.10 CURATIVES, CROSSLINKERS, INITIATORS -- 15.11 CATALYSTS -- 15.12 COMPATIBILIZER -- 15.12 IMPURITIES -- 15.13 SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16. Weathering of Compounded Products -- 16.1 ADHESIVES -- 16.2 AEROSPACE -- 16.3 AGRICULTURE -- 16.4 APPLIANCES -- 16.5 AUTOMOTIVE PARTS -- 16.6 AUTOMOTIVE COATINGS -- 16.7 COATED FABRICS -- 16.8 COIL COATED MATERIALS -- 16.9 COMPOSITES -- 16.10 CONCRETE -- 16.11 CONSERVATION -- 16.12 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS -- 16.13 COSMETICS -- 16.14 DENTAL MATERIALS -- 16.15 ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL MATERIALS -- 16.16 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS -- 16.17 FOAMS -- 16.18 FOOD -- 16.19 GEL COATS -- 16.20 GEOSYNTHETICS -- 16.21 GLASS AND GLAZING MATERIALS -- 16.22 GREENHOUSE FILM -- 16.23 HAIR -- 16.24 LAMINATES -- 16.25 MEDICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES -- 16.26 MILITARY APPLICATIONS -- 16.27 MOLDED MATERIALS -- 16.28 PACKAGING MATERIALS -- 16.29 PAINTS AND COATINGS -- 16.30 PAVEMENTS -- 16.31 PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS -- 16.32 PIPES AND TUBING -- 16.33 PULP AND PAPER -- 16.34 ROOFING MATERIALS -- 16.35 SEALANTS -- 16.36 SHEET -- 16.37 SIDING -- 16.38 SOLAR CELLS AND COLLECTORS -- 16.39 TEXTILES -- 16.40 WINDOWS -- 16.41 WIRE AND CABLE -- 16.42 WOOD -- Chapter 17. Stabilization and Stabilizers -- 17.1 LIMITING THE INCOMING RADIATION -- 17.2 DEACTIVATION OF EXCITED STATES AND FREE RADICALS -- 17.3 ELIMINATION OF SINGLET OXYGEN, PEROXIDE DECOMPOSITION, AND LIMITING OXIDATIVE CHANGES -- 17.4 DEFECT REMOVAL -- 17.5 STABILITY OF UV STABILIZERS -- 17.6 DISTRIBUTION OF UV ABSORBER -- 17.7 STABILIZER ENTRAPMENT AND INTERACTION -- 17.8 PROTECTIVE COATINGS. ; 17.9 EXAMPLES OF STABILIZATION TECHNOLOGY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 18. Biodegradation -- 18.1 BIODEGRADATION ENVIRONMENT -- 18.2 ENZYMATIC REACTIONS -- 18.3 BIODEGRADATION OF MATERIALS -- 18.4 BIOCIDES -- 18.5 METHODS OF TESTING -- 18.6 CONTROLLED BIODEGRADATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 19. Recycling -- 19.1 EFFECT OF DEGRADATION ON RECYCLING -- 19.2 RE-STABILIZATION OF MATERIAL FOR RECYCLING -- 19.3 MULTILAYER MATERIALS -- 19.4 REMOVABLE PAINT -- 19.5 CHEMICAL RECYCLING -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 20. Environmental Stress Cracking -- 20.1 DEFINITIONS -- 20.2 PARAMETERS CONTROLLING ESC -- 20.3 MECHANISMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS CRACKING -- 20.4 KINETICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS CRACKING -- 20.5 EFFECT OF ESC ON MATERIAL DURABILITY -- 20.6 METHODS OF TESTING -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 21. Interrelation Between Corrosion and Weathering -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 22. Weathering of Stones -- REFERENCES -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: Handbook of Material Weathering, Sixth Edition, is an essential guide to the effects of weathering on polymers and industrial products, presenting theory, stress factors, methods of weathering and testing and the effects of additives and environmental stress cracking. The book provides graphical illustrations and numerical data to examine the weathering of major polymers and industrial products, including mechanisms of degradation, effect of thermal processes, and characteristic changes in properties. The book also discusses recycling, corrosion and weathering, and the weathering of stone. This sixth edition updates this seminal work with recent developments and the latest data. Polymers and industrial plastics products are widely used in environments where they are vulnerable to the effects of weathering. Weathering stress factors can lead to deterioration or even complete failure. Material durability is therefore vital, and products for outdoor usage or actinic exposure are designed so that the effects of artificial and natural weathering are minimized. This book is an important reference source for those involved in studying material durability, producing materials for outdoor use and actinic exposure, research chemists in the photochemistry field, chemists and material scientists designing new materials, users of manufactured products, those who control the quality of manufactured products and students who want to apply their knowledge to real materials.
• Titolo autorizzato: Handbook of material weathering
• ISBN: 1-927885-32-9; 1-5231-1355-3
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910583369903321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II