Wetland indicators : a guide to wetland identification, delineation, classification and mapping / / Ralph W. Tiner

• Autore: Tiner Ralph W.
• Pubblicazione: Boca Raton : , : CRC Press, , 2016
• Edizione: Second Edition
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource : illustrations (black and white, and colour)
• Disciplina: 551.417
• Soggetto topico: Wetlands - United States; Wetland ecology - United States; Plant indicators - United States
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Acknowledgments -- Author -- Chapter 1: Wetland Definitions and Concepts for Identification and Delineation -- Introduction -- Definitions -- Shaler's Wetland Definition (1890) -- Scientific Wetland Definitions -- Evolution of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Wetland Definition -- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Wetland Definition -- National Research Council Wetland Definition -- Canadian National Wetland Definition -- Other Wetland Definitions for Conservation and Assessment -- Ramsar Wetland Definition -- Australian Wetland Definitions -- Brazil Wetland Definition -- China Wetland Definition -- Kenya Wetland Definition -- New Zealand Wetland Definition -- Republic of Korea Wetland Definition -- South Africa Wetland Definition -- Uganda Wetland Definition -- Zambia Wetland Definition -- Wetland Definition for Remote Sensing for Global Applications -- Regulatory Definitions -- Federal Clean Water Act Wetland Definition -- Food Security Act Wetland Definition -- Selected State and Provincial Wetland Definitions -- Field Application of Wetland Definitions -- Wetland Concepts for Identification and Delineation -- How Wet Is a Wetland? -- Flooding or Waterlogging Duration -- Frequency of Prolonged Wetness -- Critical Depth of Saturation -- Timing of Wetness -- Wetland Hydrology Defined -- What Is the Significance of "Growing Season" for Defining Wetland Hydrology? -- Evolution of the Growing Season Concept for Wetland Determinations -- Ecological Considerations for Defining the Critical Period for Wetland Hydrology -- Current Concept of Growing Season for Wetland Delineation (2016) -- Are All Wetlands at Least Periodically Anaerobic, Reduced Environments?. ; Are Wetlands Simply Ecotones between Land and Water? -- Ecotonal Wetlands -- Nonecotonal Wetlands -- Do Wetlands Include All Riparian Areas? -- Do Wetlands Eventually Become Drylands in a Natural Order of Terrestrialization? -- Are Some Wetlands Ephemeral Features on the Landscape and Cyclical in Occurrence? -- References -- Chapter 2: Wetland Formation and Hydrology -- Introduction -- Wetland Formation -- Climate -- Topography -- Proximity to a Water Source -- Soils and Substrates -- Vegetation -- Summary Remarks on Wetland Formation -- Wetland Hydrology -- Defining Aspects of Wetland Hydrology -- Water Budget -- Wetness Patterns across the United States -- Wetness Patterns in Selected Areas around the Globe -- South America -- Africa -- Southeast Asia -- Hydrology of Selected Wetland Types in North America -- Floodplain Wetlands -- Northern Coniferous Swamps -- Hardwood and Mixed Hardwood Swamps -- Atlantic White Cedar Swamps -- Cypress Swamps -- Wet Flatwoods -- Carolina Bays and Pocosins -- Marshes -- Wet Meadows -- Temporary Pools -- Prairie Potholes -- Playas and Playa-Like Wetlands -- Bogs -- Fens -- Permafrost Wetlands -- Tidal Wetlands -- Geographically Isolated Wetlands -- Indicators of Wetland Hydrology -- Corps of Engineers Regional Indicators -- Other Wetland Hydrology Indicators -- Indicators of Groundwater Discharge -- Indicators of Long-term Hydrology -- Monitoring Wetland Hydrology -- References -- Chapter 3: Plant Indicators of Wetlands and Their Characteristics -- Introduction -- Environmental Changes due to Flooding and Waterlogging -- Plant Adaptations to Flooding and Waterlogging -- Morphological Adaptations -- Hypertrophied Stems Including Buttressed Trunks -- Hollow and Adaptable Stems -- Shallow Root Systems -- Pneumatophores -- Looping Roots -- Water Roots -- Adventitious Roots -- Soil Water Roots -- Aerenchyma. ; Hypertrophied Lenticels -- Oxidized Rhizospheres -- Life-form or Habit Changes -- Seed Adaptations -- Germination and Seedling Survival -- Accelerated Stem and Other Growth -- Wetland Plants: Hydrophytes -- Evolving Concept of a Hydrophyte -- Plant Specificity -- Wetland Ecotypes -- Using Plants to Identify Wetlands -- Wetland Plant Lists -- Field Indicators of Hydrophytic Vegetation -- Concerns Interpreting FAC and FACU Species as Hydrophytes -- Human Effects on Wetland Plant Distribution -- Using Plants to Predict Environmental Conditions in Wetlands -- Plants as Hydrology Indicators -- Plants as Indicators of Water Sources -- Plants as Water Chemistry Indicators -- Plants as Indicators of Pollution and Disturbance -- Plants as Soil Type Indicators -- Plants as Indicators of Water Stress -- Plants as Indicators of Floristic Quality -- Plants as Indicators of Wetland Condition -- Useful Guides for Identifying Wetland Plants -- Northeast -- Southeast -- Midwest -- Interior West -- Southwest -- Far West and Pacific Northwest -- Hawaii -- Alaska -- References -- Chapter 4: Vegetation Sampling and Analysis for Wetlands -- Introduction -- Stand Identification -- Locating Sampling Areas -- Timing of Sampling -- Sampling Strata -- Sampling Variables -- Areal Cover -- Basal Area -- Height Classes -- Density -- Frequency -- Dominance -- Weighted Averages -- Basic Vegetation Sampling Techniques -- Plot or Quadrat Sampling -- Sample and Plot Sizes -- Number of Plots -- Shape of Plots -- Point Intercept Sampling -- Other Sampling Methods -- Determining the Presence of Hydrophytic Vegetation -- Exercises in Determining the Presence of Hydrophytic Vegetation -- Answers -- References -- Chapter 5: Soil Indicators of Wetlands -- Introduction -- Basic Soil Properties -- Soil Definition -- Soil Composition -- Soil Color -- Waterlogging Effects on Soil Properties. ; Other Effects of Flooding on Soil Development -- Factors Affecting the Color of Soil -- Wetland Soils -- Definition of Hydric Soil -- Evolving Technical Criteria for Hydric Soils -- General Concept of Hydric Soils -- Lists of Hydric Soils and Hydric Soil Map Units -- Major Categories of Hydric Soils -- Organic Soils -- Mineral Hydric Soils -- Lists of U.S. Hydric Soil Indicators -- Hydric Soil Field Indicators in the United States -- Overview of Key Hydric Soil Properties -- Histic Materials -- Organic Soils -- Histic Materials in Mineral Soils -- Dark Surface Layers -- Gleyed Matrix -- Depleted Matrix -- Redox Features Near the Surface -- Sulfidic Materials -- Accepted Hydric Soil Properties for Wetland Delineation in the United States -- Internationally Recognized Hydric Soil Properties -- Hydric Soil Determination for Soils Lacking Field Indicators -- Hydric Soil Determination Exercises -- References -- Chapter 6: Wetland Identification and Boundary Delineation Methods -- Introduction -- Evolution and Use of Wetland Identification and Delineation Methods in the United States -- Differing Wetland Identification and Boundary Delineation Protocols -- Corps Manual and Regional Supplements -- Food Security Act Manual -- New Jersey Method: Federal Interagency Manual -- Connecticut Method -- Florida Manual -- Massachusetts Manual -- New York Manual -- Rhode Island Method -- Wisconsin Method -- Quebec Method -- Primary Indicators Method -- Wetland Delineation Methods -- Corps Manual -- Federal Interagency Manual: The State of New Jersey -- National Research Council Findings and Recommendations -- Wetland Delineation Tips -- Preparation for the Field -- Field Tips -- References -- Chapter 7: Problem Wetlands and Challenging Field Situations -- Introduction -- Problematic Wetland Plant Communities -- Wetlands Dominated by Often Dry-Site Species. ; Seasonally Variable Wetland Plant Communities -- Cyclical Wetlands in Arid to Subhumid Regions -- Cyclical Wetlands in Permafrost Regions -- Tropical Wetlands -- Problematic Soils -- Sandy Hydric Entisols -- Nonsandy Hydric Entisols -- Hydric Spodosols -- Hydric Mollisols -- Hydric Vertisols -- Wet Aridisols -- Red Parent Material Soils -- Saturated Soils Not Forming Hydric Properties -- Dark-Colored Parent Material Soils -- Cryic Soils -- Newly Formed Soils -- Anthraquic Soils -- Relict Hydric Soils -- Hydrologically Problematic Wetlands -- Drier-End Wetlands -- Flatwoods -- Floodplain Wetlands -- Partly Drained Wetlands -- Farmed Wetlands -- Challenging Field Conditions -- Complex Landscapes -- Rocky Landscapes -- Irrigated Lands -- National Research Council Recommendations -- Other Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 8: Wetland Classification -- Introduction -- Features Used to Classify Wetlands -- Vegetation -- Hydrology -- Water Chemistry -- Origin of Water -- Soil Types -- Landscape Position and Landform -- Wetland Origin -- Wetland Size -- Ecosystem Form/Energy Sources -- Early Ecological Classifications -- Wetland Classification in the United States -- 1950s-1960s Fish and Wildlife Service Classification -- Current Fish and Wildlife Service Wetland Classification System -- Update of the Cowardin et al. System -- Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) Classification -- Landscape Position, Landform, Water Flow Path, and Waterbody Type Classification (LLWW Descriptors) -- Great Lakes Coastal Wetland Classification -- Glaciated Prairie Wetland Classification -- Wetland Classification in Canada -- Other International Wetland Classification Systems -- Ramsar: A Multinational Classification -- Peatland Classifications -- Mediterranean Region -- East Africa -- South Africa -- Amazon -- Republic of Korea -- Australia -- Western Australia -- New South Wales. ; Queensland.
• Sommario/riassunto: Written for environmental consultants and students enrolled in Wetlands Delineation courses, this second edition reference provides a comprehensive foundation for wetland identification, classification, delineation, and mapping. It contains material that has been updated and new information that has been discovered since its original 1999 publication, and incorporates analysis of the 2010 Army Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual. It reviews current and past delineation practices for perspective on advances in the field. It describes international classifications (Ramsar) as well as those from some individual countries.
• Titolo autorizzato: Wetland indicators
• ISBN: 1-315-35707-0; 1-315-37471-4; 1-4398-5370-3
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910155241603321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II