Optical refrigeration [[electronic resource] ] : science and applications of laser cooling of solids / / edited by Richard Epstein and Mansoor Sheik-Bahae

• Pubblicazione: Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH, c2009
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (259 p.)
• Disciplina: 530.41
• Soggetto topico: Laser manipulation (Nuclear physics); Laser cooling
• Altri autori: EpsteinRichard I Sheik-BahaeMansoor
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Optical Refrigeration; Contents; Preface; 1 Optical Refrigeration in Solids: Fundamentals and Overview; 1.1 Basic Concepts; 1.2 The Four-Level Model for Optical Refrigeration; 1.3 Cooling Rare-Earth-Doped Solids; 1.4 Prospects for Laser Cooling in Semiconductors; 1.5 Experimental Work on Optical Refrigeration in Semiconductors; 1.6 Future Outlook; References; 2 Design and Fabrication of Rare-Earth-Doped Laser Cooling Materials; 2.1 History of Laser Cooling Materials; 2.2 Material Design Considerations; 2.2.1 Active Ions; 2.2.1.1 Rare-Earth Ions for Laser Cooling ; 2.2.1.2 Active Ion Concentration2.2.2 Host Materials; 2.2.2.1 Multiphonon Relaxation; 2.2.2.2 Chemical Durability; 2.2.2.3 Thermal and Thermomechanical Properties; 2.2.2.4 Refractive Index; 2.2.3 Material Purity; 2.2.3.1 Vibrational Impurities; 2.2.3.2 Metal-Ion Impurities; 2.3 Preparation of High-Purity Precursors; 2.3.1 Strategies for Preparing High-Purity Precursors; 2.3.2 Process Conditions; 2.3.2.1 Purity of Commercial Precursors; 2.3.2.2 Process Equipment; 2.3.2.3 Clean Environment; 2.3.3 Material Purification; 2.3.3.1 Filtration and Recrystallization ; 2.3.3.2 Solvent Extraction Using Chelating Agents2.3.3.3 Fluorination and Drying in Hydrogen Fluoride Gas; 2.3.3.4 Sublimation and Distillation; 2.3.3.5 Electrochemical Purification; 2.3.4 Determination of Trace Impurity Levels; 2.4 Glass Fabrication; 2.4.1 Glass Formation in ZrF(4) Systems; 2.4.2 ZBLAN Glass Fabrication; 2.4.2.1 Melting of the Starting Materials; 2.4.2.2 Evaporative Losses; 2.4.2.3 Dissolution and Homogenization; 2.4.2.4 Optimum Rate of Cooling; 2.4.2.5 Viscosity for Casting; 2.4.2.6 Typical Glass Fabrication Parameters ; 2.4.3 Fluoride, Chloride, and Sulfide Glass Fabrication2.5 Halide Crystal Growth; 2.6 Promising Future Materials; 2.6.1 Simplified Fluoride Glasses; 2.6.2 Fluoride Crystals; 2.6.3 Chloride and Bromide Crystals; References; 3 Laser Cooling in Fluoride Single Crystals; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Physical Properties; 3.3 Experimental; 3.3.1 Growth Apparatus; 3.3.2 Spectroscopic Setup; 3.3.3 Cooling Setup; 3.4 Spectroscopic Analysis; 3.5 Cooling Results; 3.5.1 Cooling Potential; 3.5.2 Bulk Cooling; 3.6 Conclusion; References; 4 Er(3+)-Doped Materials for Solid-State Cooling ; 4.1 Low Phonon Energy Materials4.1.1 KPb(2)Cl(5) Crystal; 4.1.2 Fluorochloride Glasses; 4.2 Internal Cooling Measurements; 4.3 Bulk Cooling Measurements; 4.4 Influence of Upconversion Processes on the Cooling Efficiency of Er(3+); 4.4.1 Spectroscopic Grounds: Upconversion Properties of Er(3+) Under Pumping in the (4)I(9/2) Manifold; 4.4.2 A Phenomenological Cooling Model Including Upconversion; References; 5 Laser Refrigerator Design and Applications; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Modeling; 5.3 Modeling Results; 5.4 Design Issues; 5.5 Mirror Heating; 5.6 Applications ; 5.6.1 Comparison to Other Refrigeration Technologies
• Sommario/riassunto: Edited by the two top experts in the field with a panel of International contributors, this is a comprehensive up-to-date review of research and applications.Starting with the basic physical principles of laser cooling of solids, the monograph goes on to discuss the current theoretical issues being resolved and the increasing demands of growth and evaluation of high purity materials suitable for optical refrigeration, while also examining the design and applications of practical cryocoolers.An advanced text for scientists, researchers, engineers, and students (masters, PHDs and Postdoc
• Titolo autorizzato: Optical refrigeration
• ISBN: 1-282-37229-7; 9786612372292; 3-527-62804-5; 3-527-62805-3
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910139509703321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II