The Marine Microbial Food Web : Competition and Defence As Shaping Forces from Ecosystem to Genes

• Autore: Thingstad Tron Frede
• Pubblicazione: Newark : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2025; ©2025
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (237 pages)
• Disciplina: 579.177
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- About the Author -- Preface -- About the Companion Website -- Chapter 1 Setting the Scene -- 1.1 The Physical and Chemical Environment of the MMFW -- 1.2 Competitive and Defensive Characteristics of Biological Actors in the MMFW -- 1.2.1 Prokaryotes -- 1.2.2 Protists -- 1.2.2.1 Flagellates -- 1.2.2.2 Diatoms -- 1.2.2.3 Ciliates -- 1.2.3 Metazoan Top Predators on the MMFW -- 1.2.3.1 Copepods -- 1.2.3.2 Euphausiids „(Krill) -- 1.2.3.3 Appendicularians -- 1.2.3.4 Rotifers -- 1.2.4 Viruses -- 1.3 New Methods and New Concepts: Paradigm Shifts in Our Understanding of the MMFW -- References -- Chapter 2 Control Mechanism in Food Chains and Food Webs -- 2.1 Top-Down and Bottom-Up Control in Food Chain -- 2.2 Biomass Versus Growth Rate Limitation -- 2.3 New, Regenerated, and Export Production. What Determines NT? -- 2.4 Using an Idealized Mathematical Model to Illustrate the Effects of Food Chain Closure, Stability, Recycling, Defence, Fitness, and Trade-Off -- 2.4.1 Properties of the Steady State -- 2.4.2 Food Web Closure -- 2.4.3 Biomasses and Mass Transfer Rates Scale Differently with Nutrient Content NT -- 2.4.4 Transients and Stability -- 2.5 Fitness and Trade-Off -- 2.6 Monod and Droop Models for Microbial Growth -- 2.7 Competition and Coexistence -- 2.7.1 Bottom-Up-Driven Coexistence -- 2.7.2 Top-Down-Driven Coexistence -- 2.7.3 Pentagon Structures -- 2.8 KtW as a Factor in the Evolution of Present-Day MMFW -- References -- Chapter 3 The Microscale: Microbial Movement and Encounters -- 3.1 α-Parameters. and Encounter Kernels -- 3.1.1 What Is the Secret Behind the Diatom Success? -- 3.1.2 Predator and Prey Interactions -- 3.2 Temperature Sensitivity of the MMFW -- References -- Chapter 4 MinMod, a Minimum Model for the MMFW -- 4.1 Model Structure and Philosophy. ; 4.2 Model Behaviour -- 4.2.1 Food Web Closure, Characteristic Time Scales and the Difference Between Drivers and Variables -- 4.2.2 The Cascading Effect from Copepods -- 4.2.3 Bacteria-Diatom. Balance and Competition for Mineral Nutrients -- 4.3 The Mathematical Formulation -- 4.3.1 The Steady States -- 4.3.1.1 Different States According to Diatom Status -- 4.3.1.2 Steady States with C-Limited. Bacteria -- 4.3.2 The Transients -- 4.4 The Importance of Model 'Transparency' -- References -- Chapter 5 Prokaryote Diversity and Flux Partitioning -- 5.1 On Fitness, Species Dominance and Evolutionary Stable’Communities -- 5.2 The Structuring Effect of Prokaryote Predator Defence -- 5.3 The Structuring Effect of Defence Against Viruses -- 5.3.1 Virus Abundance and Flux Partitioning -- 5.3.2 Viruses, Diversity and Flux Partitioning -- 5.3.3 Host-Virus. Arms Races and Experimental Evolution -- 5.4 Species and Strain Diversity, and Flux Partitioning in a One-Species Host-Virus-Predator System -- 5.4.1 Diversity, and Flux Partitioning in a Mixed Prokaryote Community -- 5.5 A Summarizing Hypothesis for How Trade-offs. Determines Prokaryote Diversity -- References -- Chapter 6 The Role of Competition and Defence Microbial Genome Organization -- 6.1 Prokaryote Species in Natural Habitats Are not Clonal -- 6.2 An Enigmatic Outlier? The Huge Genome of Dinoflagellates -- References -- Chapter 7 Element Cycles and Ecological Stoichiometry of the MMFW -- 7.1 Ocean Nutrient Content and N : P Ratio -- 7.2 The Si-Cycle -- 7.3 The C-Cycle -- 7.4 Genetic Consequences of Nutrient Limitation -- References -- Chapter 8 Basin Scale Drivers of the MMFW -- 8.1 The Arctic -- 8.1.1 Physical Conditions -- 8.1.2 The Arctic Microbial Food Web -- 8.2 The Mediterranean Sea -- 8.2.1 Circulation and Oligotrophication -- 8.2.2 Why Is the Mediterranean P-Limited?. ; 8.2.3 Using the Oligotrophication Gradient to Explore the Pelagic Carbon Cycle -- 8.3 Iron Limitation and HNLC Regions -- References -- Chapter 9 MMFW in the Ocean's Interior -- 9.1 Missing Energy Source or Technical Measurement Problems? -- 9.2 Protistan Predators in the Ocean's Interior -- 9.3 Prokaryote Diversity and Viruses in the Aphotic Ocean -- 9.4 Connections to the Upper Part of the Pelagic Food Web -- References -- Chapter 10 Power Laws and Fractal Properties -- 10.1 Equal Mass in Each Decadal Size Class in the Food Chain? -- 10.2 Size and Metabolic Rates -- References -- Chapter 11 Applied Aspects -- 11.1 Marine Pathogens, A Product of Coincidental Evolution? -- 11.2 Bioremediation -- 11.3 Eutrophication -- 11.3.1 Food Web Effects: The Example of Shallow Lake Restoration -- 11.3.2 Coastal Eutrophication. The Interplay Between Land Use, Runoff and Hydrography -- 11.3.3 Climate Change -- References -- Chapter 12 Some Aspects of MMFW That Are Not Included in MinMod -- 12.1 Complications in the Left Pentagon -- 12.1.1 Mixotroph Protists -- 12.1.2 Picoautotrophs -- 12.1.3 Coccolithophores -- 12.2 Complications in the Right Pentagon -- 12.2.1 Dinoflagellates -- 12.3 Alternative Pathways? Bypass and Tunnelling -- References -- Chapter 13 Other Perspectives -- 13.1 Similarities and Differences in Terrestrial Systems -- 13.2 A Final Comment: Competition and Defence from an Anthropocentric Perspective -- References -- Appendix -- A Matlab Script Files -- Reference -- Index -- EULA.
• Sommario/riassunto: An authoritative and up-to-date exploration of how the competition-defence trade-off has shaped the marine microbial food web In The Marine Microbial Food Web: Competition and Defence as Shaping Forces from Ecosystem to Genes, distinguished researcher Tron Frede Thingstad delivers an insightful and practical discussion of the microbial portion of the ocean's food web. The author describes how specific factors, including evolution, biodiversity, organism life strategies, genome organization, biogeochemistry, food web structure, and population dynamics, can be understood as the consequences of the balance between competition and defence. Using modular idealized mathematical models developed from classical Lotka-Volterra formulations, the book describes models that explain the balance between production and consumption of organic material in the photic zone and the potential for export to the ocean's interior. It also explains how the models are relevant to contemporary climate change and a variety of other modern applications. Readers will also find: A thorough explanation of why the pathogenicity of many "L-strategists" probably originated as coincidental evolution from originally evolved mechanisms for predator defence Comprehensive explorations of the role of the marine microbial food web in ocean biogeochemistry and production Practical discussions of simple mathematical models of competition, defence, trade-off, and fitness Fulsome treatments of a wide range of organization levels, including individual cells and larger communities of organisms Perfect for researchers, students, and instructors of marine ecology, marine microbiology, and microbial oceanography, The Marine Microbial Food Web will also prove invaluable to limnologists, oceanographers, and students with an interest in applied mathematics.
• Titolo autorizzato: The Marine Microbial Food Web
• ISBN: 1-394-25165-3; 1-394-25164-5
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9911019357603321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II