Energy costs, international developments and new directions / / Leszek Kowalczyk and Jakub Piotrowski, editors

• Pubblicazione: New York, : Nova Science Publishers, c2009
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (240 p.)
• Disciplina: 333.79
• Soggetto topico: Renewable energy sources - Costs; Power resources - Costs
• Altri autori: KowalczykLeszek PiotrowskiJakub
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- ENERGY COSTS, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS AND NEW DIRECTIONS -- ENERGY COSTS, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS AND NEW DIRECTIONS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 OPPORTUNITIES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF SUDAN -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. HYDROPOWER -- 2.1. Water Resources -- 2.2. Hydropower Development -- 2.3. Growth of Electricity Sector -- 2.4. Small Hydropower -- 2.5. Environment -- 2.6. Future Outlook -- 3. BIOMASS ENERGY POTENTIAL -- 3.1. Bioenergy -- 3.2. Waste Policy in Context -- 3.3. Energy from Agricultural Biomass -- 4. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY -- 4.1. Heat Pumps -- 4.2. Heat Pump Principles -- 4.3. Refrigeration -- 4.4. Water Source Heat Pump -- 4.5. Geothermal Aquifers -- 4.6. Costs of GSHP -- 5. SOLAR ENERGY -- 5.1. Solar Energy Applications -- 5.1.1. Solar cookers -- 5.1.2. Industrial solar water heaters (SWHs) -- 5.1.3. Solar stills -- 5.1.4. Solar dryers for peanut crops -- 5.1.5. PV solar lighting systems. -- 5.1.6. PV solar water pumps -- 5.1.7. PV solar refrigerators -- 5.1.8. PV communication systems -- 5.2. The Future -- 5.3. Greenhouses Applications -- 5.3.1. Principle of greenhouse -- 5.3.2. Heating the greenhouse or conservatory -- 5.3.3. Indoor environment control -- 6. ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING -- 7. CONCLUSIONS -- NOMENCLATURE -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROL -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. Efficiency Use of Energy -- 1.2. Utilise Renewable Energy -- 1.3. Reduce Transport Energy -- 1.4. Increase Awareness -- 2. ENERGY FROM WASTE -- 2.1. Waste Shredding -- 2.2. Biomass CHP -- 3. WIND ENERGY -- 4. SOLAR ENERGY -- 5. HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL -- 6. GASIFICATION -- 7. ENERGY RECOVERY -- 8. GEOTHERMAL HEAT -- 9. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS -- 10. ENERGY EFFICIENCY -- 10.1. Energy Supply -- 10.2. Refrigeration. ; 10.3. Temperature Distributions -- 10.4. Thermodynamic Analysis of Refrigeration Cycles -- 11. ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGE -- 11.1. Natural Disasters -- 12. CONCLUSIONS -- 12.1. Utilisation of Renewable Energy -- 12.1.1. Policy and environment -- 12.1.2. Solar electrical technology -- 12.1.3. Solar thermal technology -- 12.1.4. Solar and low energy architecture -- 12.1.5. Wind energy technology and applications -- 12.1.6. Biomass conversion -- 12.1.7. Fuel cells and hydrogen technology -- 12.1.8. Marine/ocean energy -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 BRIDGING RENEWABLE ENERGY AND RURAL COMMUNITIES: SOCIAL LEARNING AS A CATALYST -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE CHINESE CONTEXT -- OBJECTIVES AND CASE STUDY SETTING -- RESEARCH FINDINGS -- ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE RENEWABLE ENERGY PROGRAM -- RECOGNITION OF THE IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING -- BRAINWASHING THROUGH TECHNICAL WORKSHOPS -- LEARNING FROM NEIGHBOURS -- ATTITUDES TOWARDS STAKEHOLDER COLLABORATION -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SUDAN -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS -- 3. SUSTAINABILITY -- 4. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND INDUSTRIAL COMPETITIVES -- (1) Implementing Ecologically Sustainable Industrial Development Strategies -- (2) Applying Cleaner Production Processes and Techniques -- (3) Implementing Environmental Management Systems -- (4) Managing and Conserving Water Resources -- (5) Using Market Based Instruments (MBIs) to Internalise Environmental Costs -- (6) Counteracting Threats from Eco-labelling Requirements -- (7) Implementing the United Nations (UN) Framework Convention on Climate Change -- (8) Addressing Concerns of Small and Medium Scale Industry (SMI) -- 5. PETROLEUM INDUSTRY POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSIONS IN SUDAN -- 6. PRIVATISATION AND PRICE LIBERALISATION IN ENERGY SOURCE SUPPLIES. ; 7. SYNTHESIS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY -- 8. CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL WARMING AND THE ENHANCED GREENHOUSE EFFECT -- 9. MAJOR ENERGY CONSUMING SECTORS -- 9.1. Agricultural Sector -- 9.2. Industrial Sector -- 9.3. Domestic Use -- 9.4. Transport Sector -- 10. MITIGATION MEASURES -- 11. POLICY DEVELOPMENT -- 12. THE FUTURE -- 13. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY FOR FUTURE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ENERGY EXTRACTION FROM COLD WATER -- 3. ENERGY SOURCE: THE GROUNDS -- 3.1. Surface Soil Heat -- 3.2. Heat from Bedrock -- 3.3. Drilling for Energy -- 3.4. Function of the Cooling Circuit -- 3.5. Free Cooling -- 4. TYPES OF THE COMMERCIAL GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMPS -- FIGHTER 1120 -- FIGHTER 1220 -- FLM 30 -- FIGHTER 1320 -- VPA -- HPAC -- 4.1. Exhaust Air Heat Pumps -- 4.2. Ventilation - Health Aspects -- 4.3. Controlled Domestic Ventilation -- 4.4. Low-Energy House -- 4.5. Controlled Domestic Ventilation -- 4.6. Controlled Domestic Ventilation with Heat Recovery -- Functions -- 5. SIZING CONSIDERATIONS -- 5.1. Ground Loops -- 5.2. Heat Pumps -- 5.3. Heat Distribution Systems -- 5.4. Design Considerations -- 5.5. Earth Loops -- 5.6. Types of Earth Loops -- 5.6.1. Open loop -- 5.6.2. Closed loop -- 5.6.3. Pond loops -- 5.6.4. Vertical loops -- 5.6.5 Horizontal loops -- 5.6.6. Vertical closed loop -- 5.6.7. Horizontal closed loop -- 6. INDOOR EQUIPMENT -- 7. APPLICATIONS -- 7.1. Basic Description of the Component of a GSHP -- 7.2. Performance and Costs -- 8. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 ENERGY EFFICIENT USE IN THE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. FORMULATION OF OBJECTIVE FUNCTION -- 3. MODEL ANALYSIS AND SOLUTION -- (a) Decomposition -- (b) Water Demand -- (c) Long-Term Model -- (d) Short-Term Model. ; 4. INITIAL SOLUTION FOR THE SELECTION OF THE PUMP COMBINATIONS -- 5. LONG-TERM MODEL FOR THE OPTIMAL DESIGN AND OPERATION OF PUMPING STATIONS AND REGULATION RESERVOIR -- (a) Pump Groups -- (b) Regulation Reservoir Design -- (c) Reservoir operation. Operational Cost of the Pumps -- 6. SHORT-TERM MODEL FOR THE OPTIMAL OPERATION OF PUMPING STATIONS AND REGULATION RESERVOIR -- 7. MODEL APPLICATIONS -- 7.1. Water Distribution System of an Irrigation District -- 7.2. Water Distribution System of a Fishfarm -- 7.3. Results: Irrigation District -- 7.4. Results: Fishfarm -- 7.5. Water Demand Forecasting for Short-Term Model -- 8. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 ADSORPTION MECHANISM OF METHANE AND ITS EFFECT ON SEPARATION AND STORAGE METHODS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- ADSORPTION MECHANISM OF METHANE -- Methane Separation -- Methane Storage -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 PERSPECTIVE OF ENERGY AND GHG EMISSION IN CHINA IN 2050 -- ABSTRACT -- 1. PREFACE -- 2. KYOTO PROTOCOL AND G8 HOKKAIDO TOYAKO SUMMIT LEADERS DECLARATION -- (1) Kyoto Protocol -- (2) G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit Leaders Declaration -- (3) The Impact of Cutting Present CO2 Emission Levels in Half -- (4) CO2 Emissions -- 3. PERSPECTIVE OF ENERGY IN CHINA -- (1) Trend Survey of China in the Past 20 Years -- (2) Past Trend of Japan and East Asian Countries -- (3) Perspective of Energy Demand in China -- 4. DISCUSSION: WHAT SHALL BE DONE IN CHINA? -- (1) General Discussion -- (2) Discussion of Electricity -- Case Selection -- Major Conclusion -- (3) Discussion of Energy for Transportation -- (4) Discussion of Nuclear Energy -- (5) Total Energy and GHG in 2050 -- 5. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 NANO-CHANNELS FOR SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION: ORIENTED ONE-DIMENSIONAL NANO-STRUCTURE FACILITATING CHARGE TRANSFER IN DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS. ; 1. TITANIA NANOARRAYS IN DSCS[7] -- 2. DSCS WITH COMPOSITE LIQUID ELECTROLYTES AND IONIC LIQUIDS -- 2.1. Composite Liquid Electrolytes -- 2.2 Composite Ionic Liquids and Corresponding Quasi-Solid DSCs -- 3. Oriented One-Dimensional Nano-Channel Structure -- REFERENCES -- INDEX -- Blank Page.
• Sommario/riassunto: Energy is an essential factor in development, since it stimulates, and supports economic growth, and development. Any form of energy can be transformed into another form, but the total energy always remains the same. Several different kinds of energy exist to explain all known natural phenomena. These forms include (but are not limited to) kinetic, potential, thermal, gravitational, sound, light, elastic and electromagnetic energy. This book discusses new developments in this field, as well as the impact that renewable energy, and alternative energy might have in the future.
• Titolo autorizzato: Energy costs, international developments and new directions
• ISBN: 1-61728-400-9
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910966499803321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Energy science, engineering and technology series.