Ubiquitous positioning [[electronic resource] /] / Robin Mannings

• Autore: Mannings Robin
• Pubblicazione: Boston ; ; London, : Artech House, c2008
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: xiv, 203 p. : ill
• Disciplina: 004.01/9
• Soggetto topico: Computer networks; Global Positioning System - Data processing; Ubiquitous computing
• Note generali: Title from title screen.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Ubiquitous Positioning -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The Concept of Ubiquitous Positioning -- 1.2 The Aim of This Book -- 1.3 The Structure of This Book -- 1.3.1 Background and Overview -- 1.3.2 Motivation, Business, and Applications -- 1.3.3 Technologies of Whereness -- 1.3.4 Whereness and the Future -- 1.3.5 The Epilogue -- 1.4 General Principles -- 1.4.1 Some History and Terminology -- 1.4.2 Today's Opportunities and the Current Fragmented Market -- 1.4.3 Position, Location, and Coordinates -- 1.4.4 Remote and Autonomous Positioning -- 1.4.5 The Inadequacies of GPS -- 1.4.6 Ubiquitous Computing -- 1.4.7 Context Aware Computing -- 1.4.8 User Profile -- 1.4.9 A Priori Information -- 1.4.10 Positioning Practicalities -- 1.4.11 The Ad Hoc Approach to Sharing Location -- 1.4.12 Quality of Information -- 1.4.13 Robotic Systems and Machine Intelligence -- 1.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 2 Overview of Whereness -- 2.1 Whereness in the Changing Digital Networked Economy -- 2.1.1 Convergence -- 2.1.2 Disruptive Technology -- 2.1.3 Openness and Web 2.0 -- 2.1.4 Commoditization and Diversification -- 2.2 Today's Whereness Businesses -- 2.2.1 ITS and LBS -- 2.3 Future Whereness Applications -- 2.3.1 Management of Scarce Resources -- 2.3.2 Demography, Health, and Well-Being -- 2.3.3 Self-Actualization -- 2.3.4 Humanizing Big Brother -- 2.4 Radio Positioning -- 2.4.1 Communications and Sensing -- 2.4.2 Transparency -- 2.4.3 Far-Field and Near-Field Communications -- 2.4.4 Useful Radio Characteristics -- 2.4.5 Global Navigational Satellite Systems (GNSS) and GPS -- 2.4.6 Cellular Positioning -- 2.4.7 WiFi Positioning -- 2.4.8 Ultrawideband Positioning -- 2.5 NonRadio and Sensor-Based Positioning -- 2.5.1 Communications Cable Contact -- 2.5.2 Electronic Diaries and Calendars -- 2.5.3 Infrared -- 2.5.4 Ultrasonics. ; 2.5.5 Optical Video Cameras -- 2.5.6 Magnetic Fields -- 2.5.7 Mechanical and Inertial Systems -- 2.5.8 Sensor Fusion -- 2.5.9 A Summary of Positioning Methods -- 2.6 Web 2.0 and Maps -- 2.7 Conclusion and Vision -- 2.7.1 Future Whereness Technology -- 2.7.2 The Semantic Web -- 2.7.3 Simultaneous Location and Mapping -- 2.8 Summary -- References -- Chapter 3 Whereness in the Future DigitalNetworked Economy -- 3.1 Convergence and Disruption -- 3.2 Commercial Frameworks -- 3.3 The Impact of Openness -- 3.4 Whereness and the Future Digital Networked Economy -- 3.4.1 Falling Cost -- 3.4.2 Web Services -- 3.4.3 Geographically Tagged Information -- 3.4.4 Information Commons -- 3.4.5 Trust Support Services -- 3.4.6 Opportunities as the Scope of the Internet Increases -- 3.4.7 Simplicity -- 3.4.8 Wirelessness -- 3.4.9 Whereness as a New Utility? -- 3.5 Businesses Relevant to Whereness -- 3.5.1 Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) Receivers -- 3.5.2 Cellular Mobile Radio Operators -- 3.5.3 Wireless Hotspot Operators -- 3.5.4 Groupware -- 3.6 Intelligence -- 3.6.1 The Invisible GIS -- 3.6.2 Routing Information -- 3.6.3 Accounting Units of Value -- 3.6.4 Route Guidance -- 3.6.5 Controlling Systems -- 3.7 Autonomy or Centralization? -- 3.8 Quality of Service -- 3.9 Privacy, Trust, Security, and User Profile -- 3.10 Whereness service provision -- 3.11 User groups -- 3.12 Summary -- References -- Chapter 4 Current Whereness Applications -- 4.1 Mobile Information -- 4.2 Dynamic Route Guidance -- 4.2.1 Static Data -- 4.2.2 Historic Data -- 4.2.3 Semidynamic Data -- 4.2.4 Dynamic Data -- 4.2.5 Predictive Data -- 4.2.6 Combining the Data -- 4.3 Auto Payment Systems -- 4.4 Parking and Ticketing -- 4.5 Emergency Calling -- 4.6 Tracking and Logistics -- 4.7 Mobile Advertising -- 4.8 Personal Guidance -- 4.9 Finding People -- 4.10 Moving Object Management. ; 4.11 Mobile Maps with GPS Overlay -- 4.12 Summary -- References -- Chapter 5 Future Whereness Applications -- 5.1 Society Futures -- 5.1.1 More Wealth -- 5.1.2 Neglect of the Basics -- 5.1.3 Increased Automation -- 5.1.4 Human to Human Technology and the Digital Bubble -- 5.1.5 Big Brother -- 5.2 Health and Well-being -- 5.2.1 Calorie Counting -- 5.2.2 Caring for People (and Animals) -- 5.3 Floods and Disasters -- 5.3.1 Sensor Networks and Key Asset Management -- 5.3.2 Real-Time Maps, Imaging, and Photographs -- 5.4 Countering Terrorists -- 5.4.1 Big Brother Tamed? -- 5.5 Sports and Games -- 5.6 Mapping Everywhere -- 5.7 Locative Media -- 5.7.1 Conceptual Art -- 5.7.2 Augmented Reality (AR) -- 5.7.3 Augmented Reality Support -- 5.7.4 Scenarios for the Future -- 5.8 Summary -- References -- Chapter 6 Radio Positioning -- 6.1 Radio Positioning Basics -- 6.1.1 Frequency, Wavelength, Bandwidth, Power, and Noise -- 6.1.2 How Does Radio Provide Positions? -- 6.1.3 The Radio Propagation Environment -- 6.1.4 Far-Field and Near-Field Radio Systems -- 6.1.5 Communications and Sensing -- 6.1.6 The Mobile Radio Environment -- 6.1.7 Signatures and Fingerprints -- 6.2 Types of Current Radio Systems -- 6.2.1 System Issues -- 6.2.2 Global Navigational Satellite Systems (GNSS) -- 6.2.3 GPS Infrastructure -- 6.2.4 GPS Positioning -- 6.2.5 Timing, Differential GPS (DGPS), GNSS Augmentation Services, andSurveying -- 6.2.6 The Future of GNSS -- 6.2.7 Dedicated Terrestrial Systems -- 6.2.8 Trunked Radio and Cellular Radio -- 6.2.9 Hotspots and WiFi Positioning -- 6.2.10 Ultrawideband Positioning -- 6.2.11 Low-Range Radio Systems (Bluetooth and ZigBee) -- 6.2.12 Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) Systems and ActiveRFID -- 6.2.13 Passive RFID -- 6.3 Summary -- References -- Chapter 7 Sensing Position Without Radio -- 7.1 Alternatives to Radio Positioning. ; 7.2 Infrared Systems -- 7.2.1 Indoor Positioning -- 7.2.2 IR Gaming Positioning -- 7.2.3 IR Ranging and LIDAR -- 7.3 Sonic and Ultrasonic Positioning -- 7.3.1 Ultrasonic Distance Measurements -- 7.3.2 The Cambridge Bats -- 7.3.3 The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Crickets -- 7.4 Visual Positioning -- 7.4.1 Outside-In Positioning -- 7.4.2 Inside-Out Positioning -- 7.4.3 Ubiquitous Digital Cameras -- 7.4.4 Vehicle Location -- 7.4.5 Motion Capture -- 7.5 Movement and Inertial Sensing -- 7.5.1 Vehicle Positioning Using Wheel Sensing -- 7.5.2 Pedometers -- 7.5.3 Accelerometers and Gyroscopes -- 7.5.4 Smart Floors -- 7.6 Positioning with Magnetic and Electric Fields -- 7.6.1 Magnetic Compasses -- 7.6.2 Electric Field Proximity -- 7.6.3 Oscillating Magnetic Field Positioning -- 7.7 Sensor Fusion -- 7.8 Summary -- References -- Chapter 8 Maps and Whereness -- 8.1 Why Maps are Important -- 8.2 Using Web 2.0 for Maps Today -- 8.2.1 Google -- 8.2.2 Microsoft and Multimap -- 8.2.3 Teleatlas and Tom Tom -- 8.2.4 Navteq and Nokia -- 8.2.5 Mapquest and AOL -- 8.2.6 Other Interesting Services -- 8.2.7 The Social Networking Phenomenon -- 8.3 Some Digital Mapping Basics -- 8.3.1 Maps as an Interface -- 8.3.2 Invisible Maps -- 8.3.3 Positioning on a Map -- 8.3.4 Geographical Information Systems (GIS) -- 8.3.5 National-Scale GIS -- 8.3.6 The Geoweb, Web 2.0, and AJAX -- 8.3.7 Tips and Tools for Electronic Cartography -- 8.4 Web 2.0 and Whereness -- 8.4.1 The Geoweb -- 8.4.2 Google Maps and Hacks -- 8.4.3 3D Building Models and Virtual Worlds -- 8.5 Geotagging, Geoindexing, and Searching -- 8.5.1 Geotagging -- 8.5.2 Geoindexing and Searching -- 8.6 Standards -- 8.6.1 Markup Languages -- 8.7 Open Mapping -- 8.7.1 OpenStreetMap (OSM) -- 8.7.2 Publicly Funded Mapmaking -- 8.7.3 Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community(INSPIRE). ; 8.7.4 Agencies to Validate and Verify -- 8.8 4D Maps and the Temporal Dimension -- 8.8.1 Floating Car Data -- 8.8.2 Calendars, Diaries, and Logistics -- 8.8.3 Event Processing -- 8.8.4 Carrier Scale Whereness -- 8.8.5 Time Calculations -- 8.9 Summary -- References -- Chapter 9 Whereness and the Future -- 9.1 The Future of Wireless and Whereness -- 9.1.1 Atmospheric Absorption Bands -- 9.1.2 Chaos and Convergence -- 9.1.3 Cognitive Radio -- 9.2 Sensing Futures and Whereness -- 9.3 Intelligence and Whereness -- 9.3.1 Taxonomies and Ontologies -- 9.3.2 The Semantic Web -- 9.3.3 Why an Ontology? -- 9.3.4 Ontology Competency Questions -- 9.3.5 What Would the Ontology Look Like? -- 9.4 Mapping Futures -- 9.4.1 Simultaneous Location and Mapping -- 9.5 A Long term Vision -- 9.6 A Whereness "To-do" List for Today -- References -- Epilogue -- Digital Map Basics -- Manipulating Vectors -- Physical Errors -- Appendix-A Taxonomy of Positioning -- List of Acronyms -- About the Author -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: This groundbreaking resource offers a practical, in-depth understanding of Ubiquitous Positioning - positioning systems that identify the location and position of people, vehicles and objects in time and space in the digitized networked economy. The future and growth of ubiquitous positioning will be fueled by the convergence of many other areas of technology, from mobile telematics, Internet technology, and location systems, to sensing systems, geographic information systems, and the semantic web. This first-of-its-kind volume explores ubiquitous positioning from a convergence perspective, offering a comprehensive road map to this burgeoning field. Using the term "Whereness" - coined by the author to encapsulate everything about ubiquitous positioning technology and business concerns - this unique book provides an overview of the technical and business aspects of ubiquitous positioning, current and future Whereness applications, details on radio positioning, guidance on sensing position without radio, discussions on maps and mapping, and a taxonomy for positioning.
• Titolo autorizzato: Ubiquitous positioning
• ISBN: 1-5231-1926-8; 1-59693-104-3
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910808474503321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Mobile communications series.; GNSS technology and applications series.