The evolution of the primate foot : anatomy, function, and paleontological evidence / / Angel Zeininger [and thee others], editors

• Pubblicazione: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2022]; ©2022
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (527 pages)
• Disciplina: 599.938
• Soggetto topico: Human evolution.<U+0009>; Foot - Evolution; Primates - Anatomy
• Soggetto non controllato: Zoology; Science
• Persona (resp. second.): ZeiningerAngel; HatalaKevin G.; WunderlichRoshna E.; SchmittDaniel
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Foreword -- Contents -- Contributors -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2: Clinical and Evolutionary Perspectives on the Primate Foot: A Historical and Contemporary View -- 2.1 Introduction -- References -- Section I: Primate Foot Anatomy -- Chapter 3: The Primate Ankle and Hindfoot -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Distal Tibia and Fibula -- 3.2.1 Articular Surfaces -- 3.2.2 Whole-Bone Morphometrics -- 3.3 Talus -- 3.3.1 Articular Surfaces -- 3.3.2 Talar Neck and Head -- 3.3.3 Posterior Tubercles -- 3.3.4 Whole-Bone Morphometrics -- 3.3.5 Internal Microarchitecture -- 3.4 Calcaneus -- 3.4.1 Length and Projections -- 3.4.2 Articular Surfaces -- 3.4.3 Whole-Bone Morphometrics -- 3.4.4 Internal Microarchitecture -- 3.5 Future Directions -- 3.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 4: The Primate Midfoot and Human Longitudinal Arch -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Basic Anatomy of the Midfoot -- 4.2.1 Bony Elements -- 4.2.2 Supporting Ligaments -- 4.2.3 Motion -- 4.3 The Midfoot of Nonhuman Primates -- 4.3.1 Pedal Grasping and the Divergent Hallux -- 4.3.2 Foot Inversion and Eversion -- 4.3.3 The Weight-Bearing Midfoot -- 4.4 The Human Midfoot and Longitudinal Arch -- 4.4.1 Bony Anatomy of the Longitudinal Arch -- 4.4.2 Soft-Tissue Anatomy of the Longitudinal Arch -- 4.4.3 The Windlass Mechanism and Arch Function -- 4.4.4 Human Midfoot Mobility -- 4.5 Future Directions -- 4.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 5: The Primate Forefoot -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Intrinsic Proportions and Functional Axes of the Forefoot -- 5.2.1 Pedal Length Proportions -- 5.2.2 Pedal Proportions Across the Digital Rays and Functional Axes of the Foot -- 5.3 Metatarsal Morphology, Variation, and Function -- 5.3.1 Metatarsal Shaft Shape -- 5.3.2 Metatarsal Torsion -- 5.3.3 Metatarsophalangeal Joints. ; 5.4 Phalangeal Morphology, Variation, and Function -- 5.4.1 Proximal and Middle Phalanges -- 5.4.2 Distal Phalanges -- 5.4.3 Claws and Nails -- 5.5 The Hallux - Adaptations for Grasping and Leverage -- 5.5.1 The Hallux in Prosimians and Extinct Euprimates -- 5.5.2 The Hallux in Anthropoids -- 5.6 Future Directions -- 5.7 Summary -- References -- Chapter 6: Myology of the Primate Foot -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Extrinsic Muscles of the Foot -- 6.2.1 Plantar Flexors -- 6.2.2 Dorsiflexors -- 6.2.3 Evertors -- 6.2.4 Contribution of Different Extrinsic Foot Muscles to Lower Leg Musculature -- 6.3 Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot -- 6.3.1 First Plantar Layer -- 6.3.2 Second Plantar Layer -- 6.3.3 Third Plantar Layer -- 6.3.4 Fourth Plantar Layer -- 6.3.5 Dorsum of the Foot -- 6.3.6 Interspecific Differences in Intrinsic Foot Musculature -- 6.4 Future Directions -- 6.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 7: The Integument and Associated Structures of the Primate Foot -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 The Place of the Foot in Primate Evolution -- 7.1.2 The Main Components of the Primate Foot -- 7.2 Mechanics -- 7.2.1 The Plantar Aponeurosis -- 7.3 Pedal Volar Pads -- 7.3.1 Heel Pads -- 7.3.2 Effect of Body Size on Pad Geometry and Material Properties -- 7.3.3 The Effect of Body Size on Pad Surface Anatomy -- 7.3.4 Effect of Substrate on Pad Size and Distribution -- 7.3.5 The Effect of Limb Loading on Pad Geometry -- 7.4 Pedal Nails -- 7.5 Future Directions -- References -- Section II: Biomechanical and Experimental Studies -- Chapter 8: Experimental Research on Foot Use and Function During Climbing by Primates -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Behavioral Studies -- 8.3 Spatiotemporal Studies -- 8.4 Kinematic Studies -- 8.5 Kinetic Studies -- 8.6 Electromyography (EMG) Studies -- 8.7 Studies of Energetic Costs -- 8.8 Future Directions -- 8.9 Summary -- References. ; Chapter 9: Foot Posture During Quadrupedal Walking in Primates -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Foot Posture Definitions -- 9.3 Semiplantigrady -- 9.4 Plantigrady -- 9.4.1 Heel-Strike Plantigrady -- 9.4.2 Midfoot/Heel Contact Plantigrady -- 9.5 Digitigrady -- 9.6 Future Directions -- 9.7 Summary -- References -- Chapter 10: Primate Foot Use During Bipedal Walking -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Anatomy and Gait -- 10.2.1 Foot Anatomy -- 10.2.2 Phases of the Bipedal Gait Cycle -- 10.3 Human Bipedal Walking -- 10.3.1 First Double-Limb Support Period (0-20% of Stance) -- 10.3.2 Single-Limb Support Period (20-80% of Stance) -- 10.3.3 Second Double-Limb Support Period (80-100% of Stance) -- 10.4 Non-human Primate Bipedal Walking -- 10.4.1 First Double-Limb Support Period (0-22/25% of Stance) -- 10.4.2 Single-Limb Support Period (22/25-78/75% of Stance) -- 10.4.3 Second Double-Limb Support Period (75/78-100% of Stance) -- 10.5 Evolution of the Bipedal Foot -- 10.6 Future Directions -- 10.7 Summary -- References -- Chapter 11: Running in Addition to Walking Helped Shape the Human Foot -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Impact -- 11.3 Elastic Energy Storage -- 11.4 Propulsion -- 11.5 Evolutionary Evidence -- 11.5.1 Stage 1: Last Common Ancestor -- 11.5.2 Stage 2: The Earliest Hominins -- 11.5.3 Stage 3: Australopiths -- 11.5.4 Stage 4: Homo -- 11.6 Future Directions -- 11.7 Summary -- References -- Section III: Palaeontological Evidence -- Chapter 12: The Feet of Paleogene Primates -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Comparative Morphology of Plesiadapiform Feet -- 12.2.1 Pedal Features Shared by Most Plesiadapiforms -- 12.2.2 Carpolestes simpsoni -- 12.3 Comparative Morphology of Adapiform and Omomyiform Feet -- 12.3.1 Adapiform Pedal Morphology -- 12.3.1.1 Diversity of Adapiform Feet -- 12.3.1.2 Donrussellia, Asiadapines, and the Tarsal Morphology of the Ancestral Adapiform. ; 12.3.2 Omomyiform Pedal Morphology -- 12.3.2.1 Diversity of Omomyiform Feet -- 12.3.2.2 Foot Proportions in Archicebus achilles and Other Paleogene Primates -- 12.3.2.3 Pedal Prehensility in Archicebus achilles and Other Paleogene Primates -- 12.4 Comparative Morphology of Other Eocene and Oligocene Haplorhine Feet -- 12.4.1 Eosimiid Pedal Morphology -- 12.4.2 Amphipithecid Pedal Morphology -- 12.4.3 Pedal Morphology of Eocene and Oligocene Anthropoids from the Fayum Depression, Egypt -- 12.5 Summary Timeline and Adaptive Scenarios -- 12.6 Future Directions -- 12.7 Summary -- References -- Chapter 13: Miocene Ape Feet -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Miocene Hominoids -- 13.2.1 Africa -- 13.2.1.1 Proconsul and Ekembo -- 13.2.1.2 Afropithecus -- 13.2.1.3 Rangwapithecus -- 13.2.1.4 Nacholapithecus -- 13.2.1.5 Equatorius -- 13.2.1.6 Turkanapithecus -- 13.2.1.7 Small Apes -- Simiolus -- Dendropithecus -- Kalepithecus?/Limnopithecus? -- 13.2.2 Europe -- 13.2.2.1 Pierolapithecus -- 13.2.2.2 Hispanopithecus -- 13.2.2.3 Rudapithecus -- 13.2.2.4 Ouranopithecus -- 13.2.2.5 Ankarapithecus -- 13.2.2.6 Oreopithecus -- 13.2.3 Asia -- 13.2.3.1 Sivapithecus -- 13.2.3.2 Lufengpithecus -- 13.3 Future Directions -- 13.4 Summary -- References -- Chapter 14: The Early Hominin Foot -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Early Hominin Feet -- 14.2.1 Sahelanthropus tchadensis (ca. 7.0 Ma ) -- 14.2.2 Orrorin tugenensis (5.6-6.2 Ma) -- 14.2.3 Ardipithecus kadabba (5.2-5.8 Ma) -- 14.2.4 Ardipithecus ramidus (4.3-4.5 Ma) -- 14.2.5 Australopithecus anamensis (3.8-4.2 Ma) -- 14.2.6 Australopithecus deyiremeda (3.3-3.5 Ma) -- 14.2.7 Burtele Foot (~3.4 Ma) -- 14.2.8 Australopithecus afarensis (3.0-3.7 Ma) -- 14.2.9 Australopithecus bahrelghazeli (3.6 Ma) -- 14.2.10 Kenyanthropus (Australopithecus) platyops (3.3-3.5 Ma) -- 14.2.11 Australopithecus prometheus (2.2-4.2 Ma?). ; 14.2.12 Australopithecus africanus (2.0-3.2 Ma) -- 14.2.13 Australopithecus sediba (1.98 Ma) -- 14.2.14 Australopithecus garhi (2.5 Ma) -- 14.2.15 Australopithecus (Paranthropus) aethiopicus (2.3-2.7 Ma) -- 14.2.16 Australopithecus (Paranthropus) boisei (1.3-2.3 Ma) -- 14.2.17 Australopithecus (Paranthropus) robustus (1.0-2.0 Ma) -- 14.3 Future Directions -- 14.4 Summary -- References -- Chapter 15: The Feet of Fossil Homo -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Obstacles in Understanding the Feet of the Earliest Potential Members of Homo -- 15.3 The Pedal Fossil Record of the Genus Homo -- 15.3.1 Unspecified Homo from Ledi-Geraru, Ethiopia (2.80-2.75 Ma) -- 15.3.2 Homo habilis (2.35-1.65 Ma) and Homo rudolfensis (2.0-1.95 Ma) -- 15.3.3 Homo erectus sensu lato (1.85-0.108 Ma) -- 15.3.4 Homo antecessor (1.0-0.936 Ma) -- 15.3.5 Sima de los Huesos hominins (780-427 ka) -- 15.3.6 Homo heidelbergensis (700-100 ka) -- 15.3.7 Homo naledi (335-236 ka) -- 15.3.8 Homo neanderthalensis (130-40 ka) -- 15.3.9 Homo floresiensis (100-60 ka) -- 15.3.10 Homo luzonensis (67-50 ka) -- 15.3.11 Homo sapiens (300 ka-Present) -- 15.4 Future Directions -- 15.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 16: Pedal Morphology and Locomotor Behavior of the Subfossil Lemurs of Madagascar -- 16.1 Phylogenetic History and Relationships of the Subfossil Lemurs -- 16.2 Pedal Morphology and Locomotor Behaviors of the Subfossil Lemurs -- 16.2.1 Palaeopropithecidae -- 16.2.2 Archaeolemuridae -- 16.2.3 Megaladapidae -- 16.3 Below Branch Quadrupedal Locomotion -- 16.3.1 Definition and Ecological Relevance -- 16.3.2 Kinematics and Kinetics -- 16.3.3 Anatomy of a Foot Adapted for Suspensory Locomotion -- 16.4 Future Directions -- 16.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 17: Recent Developments and Future Directions for the Study of Primate Feet -- References -- Appendices -- Appendix A. ; Appendix A.1. Plesiadapiform Foot Fossil Materiala.
• Sommario/riassunto: The human foot is a unique and defining characteristic of our anatomy. Most primates have grasping, prehensile feet, whereas the human foot stands out as a powerful non-grasping propulsive lever that is central to our evolution as adept bipedal walkers and runners and defines our lineage. Very few books have compiled and evaluated key research on the primate foot and provided a perspective on what we know and what we still need to know. This book serves as an essential companion to "The Evolution of the Primate Hand" volume, also in the Developments in Primatology series. This book includes chapters written by experts in the field of morphology and mechanics of the primate foot, the role of the foot in different aspects of primate locomotion (including but not limited to human bipedalism), the "hard evidence" of primate foot evolution including fossil foot bones and fossil footprints, and the relevance of our foot's evolutionary history to modern human foot pathology.This volume addresses three fundamental questions:(1) What makes the human foot so different from that of other primates?(2) How does the anatomy, biomechanics, and ecological context of the foot and foot use differ among primates and why?(3) how did foot anatomy and function change throughout primate and human evolution, and why is this evolutionary history relevant in clinical contexts today?This co-edited volume, which relies on the insights of leading scholars in primate foot anatomy and evolution provides for the first time a comprehensive review and scholarly discussion of the primate foot from multiple perspectives. It is accessible to readers at different levels of inquiry (e.g., undergraduate/graduate students, postdoctoral research, other scholars outside of biological anthropology). This volume provides an all-inone resource for research on the comparative and functional morphology and evolution of the primate foot.
• Titolo autorizzato: The Evolution of the Primate Foot
• ISBN: 3-031-06436-4
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910634043703321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Developments in primatology.