Vertebrate motoneurons / / edited by Michael J. O'Donovan and Mélanie Falgairolle

• Pubblicazione: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2022]; ©2022
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (403 pages)
• Disciplina: 573.86916
• Soggetto topico: Vertebrates - Anatomy; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Motor neurons
• Persona (resp. second.): FalgairolleMélanie; O'DonovanMichael J.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: Motoneuron Development -- Establishing the Molecular and Functional Diversity of Spinal Motoneurons -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Anatomical and Functional Diversity of Spinal Motoneurons -- 3 Specification of Spinal Motoneuron Class Identity -- 4 Early Patterning of Spinal Motoneurons Along the Rostrocaudal Axis -- 5 Developmental Mechanisms of Motoneuron Diversification -- Hox Genes and the Specification of LMC Neurons and Divisional Subtypes -- Intrinsic Programs of Motoneuron Pool Specification -- Target-Dependent Regulation of Motoneuron Pool Identities -- Development of Phrenic Motor Column (PMC) Neurons -- Development and Diversity of Preganglionic Column (PGC) Neurons -- Specification Hypaxial (HMC) and Medial Motor Column (MMC) Neurons -- Establishing Motoneuron Functional Subtype Diversity -- 6 Evolution of Spinal Motoneuron Organization and Function -- Origins of Tetrapod Limb Motoneurons -- Hox Genes and the Evolution of Motoneuron Segmental Organization and Diversity -- Divergence of Axial Motoneuron Specification Programs in Fish -- 7 Assembly of Proprioceptive Sensory-Motor Circuits -- Specification of Proprioceptor Sensory Neuron Class Identities -- Target-Derived Signals Regulate pSN Subtype Identity and Connectivity with Motoneurons -- Roles of Motoneuron Subtype Identity in Sensory-Motor Circuit Assembly -- Evidence for Coordinate Regulation of pSN-Motoneuron Connectivity by Hox Genes -- 8 Motoneurons as Regulators of Circuit Assembly and Function -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- Chloride Homeostasis in Developing Motoneurons -- 1 Introduction -- 2 NKCC1 and KCC2 Molecular Properties -- 3 Chloride Homeostasis in Developing Motoneurons -- Anatomical Maturation of CCCs -- Modulation of the Chloride Homeostasis in Developing Motoneurons -- Functional Consequences -- 4 Pathological Considerations. ; 5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Normal Development and Pathology of Motoneurons: Anatomy, Electrophysiological Properties, Firing Patterns and Circuit Connectivity -- 1 Introduction and Historical Retrospective -- 2 Classification of Motoneurons -- 3 The Development of the Electrophysiological Properties and Firing Patterns of Motoneurons -- 4 Development of Motoneuron Spinal Cord Circuitry -- 5 Motoneuron Function Is Altered in Disease States -- References -- Homeostatic Regulation of Motoneuron Properties in Development -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Chick Embryo Homeostatic Plasticity -- Synaptic Scaling -- Homeostatic Intrinsic Plasticity -- 3 Translation of Findings in Chick Embryo to Other Systems -- Nicotine Exposure to Developing Rat Hypoglossal Motoneurons -- Scaling Induced in Zebrafish Motoneurons Did Not Alter Motor Activity -- Altered Levels of Neurotransmission Can Trigger HIP in Fly Motoneurons -- 4 Novel Homeostatic Principles in Motoneurons from Studies in the Developing Fly and Frog -- Identification of Signaling Pathways in Fly Embryo Motoneurons -- Presynaptic Homeostatic Plasticity at the Fly Neuromuscular Junction -- Channel Coregulation Mediates HIP -- Homeostatic Regulation of Neurotransmitter Specification in Embryonic Xenopus Motoneurons -- 5 Summary -- References -- Part II: Motoneuron Connectivity and Function -- Homeostatic Plasticity of the Mammalian Neuromuscular Junction -- 1 The NMJ Allows for Detailed Measurement of Parameters Governing Synaptic Function -- 2 Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity at the Mouse NMJ -- 3 Homeostatic Plasticity of Synaptic Function Triggered by Block of Action Potentials -- Regulation of Quantal Amplitude -- Regulation of Probability of Release (p) -- Summary of Changes in Synaptic Function Following Block of Action Potentials. ; 4 Homeostatic Plasticity of Synaptic Function Triggered by Partial Block of AChRs -- Regulation of the Number of Releasable Vesicles (n) -- Homeostatic Plasticity of Motoneuron Excitability Following Partial Block of AChRs -- Summary of Homeostatic Changes in Synaptic Function and Their Implications for Disease -- 5 Technical Considerations -- Preventing Muscle Contraction and Activation of Muscle Na Channels -- Pros and Cons of Recording Configurations -- References -- Diversity of Mammalian Motoneurons and Motor Units -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Alpha, Beta and Gamma Motoneurons -- 3 Classification of Muscles Fibers and Motor Units -- 4 Contractile Properties of Motor Unit Types -- 5 Motoneuron Electrophysiological Properties Depend on Their Motor Unit Type -- 6 Anatomical and Synaptic Properties of the Neuromuscular Junctions Depend on Their Motor Unit Type -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Synaptic Projections of Motoneurons Within the Spinal Cord -- 1 Projections of Motoneurons to Renshaw Cells -- Co-transmission to Renshaw Cells -- 2 Recurrent Excitation Between Motoneurons -- 3 Other Synaptic Targets of Motoneurons -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Recruitment of Motoneurons -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Size Principle -- 3 Intrinsic Properties -- 4 Synaptic Properties -- 5 Neuromodulation -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Electrical Properties of Adult Mammalian Motoneurons -- 1 Introduction -- Foundational Studies of Motoneuron Properties -- 2 Passive Properties of Motoneurons and Elementary Cable Theory -- 3 Motoneuron Transition Properties -- Sag and Post-inhibitory Rebound -- Rheobase -- Action Potential Characteristics -- Threshold and Rising Phase -- Repolarisation Phase and fAHP -- Afterdepolarisation -- Medium Afterhyperpolarisation -- 4 Repetitive Firing Properties of Motoneurons -- Spike Frequency Adaptation. ; 5 Modulation of Motoneuron Properties -- Somatic Output Amplification: C-Bouton Synapses -- SK Channels -- KV2.1 Channels -- Other Proteins Located at C-Bouton Synapses -- C-Boutons and Intracellular Calcium Signalling -- Dendritic Input Amplification: Persistent Inward Currents -- Modulation of PICs: Neurotransmitter Systems -- PICs, Repetitive Firing, and Synaptic Amplification -- Termination of PICs -- PICs and Motor Pools -- 6 Other Voltage- and Time- Varying Currents -- 7 Human Motor Unit Recordings -- Fatigue in Human Motoneurons -- PICs in Human Motoneurons -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- The Cellular Basis for the Generation of Firing Patterns in Human Motor Units -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Advancing Our Understanding of Human Motor Commands with the Help of Population Motor Unit Recordings -- 3 Classic Studies on the Recruitment of Motor Units -- 4 Effects of Differences in the Distribution of Synaptic Input to Low Versus High Threshold Motoneurons on Their Recruitment Patterns -- 5 Classic Studies on Rate Modulation in Motor Units -- 6 Fundamental Role of Neuromodulatory Inputs in Shaping Nonlinear Human Motor Unit Firing Patterns -- 7 Characteristics of Motor Unit Firing Patterns That Provide Estimates of Cellular Mechanisms: Estimation of Motoneuron PICs from Motor Unit Firing Patterns -- 8 Characteristics of Motor Unit Firing Patterns That Provide Estimates of Cellular Mechanisms: Estimation of the Spike Afterhyperpolarization -- 9 Characteristics of Motor Unit Firing Patterns That Provide Estimates of Cellular Mechanisms: Estimation of Motoneuron Post-synaptic Potentials from Motor Unit Firing Patterns -- 10 Computer-Based Simulations to Study the Synaptic Organization of Motor Commands -- 11 Implementing Supercomputer-Based Simulations to Estimate Excitation, Inhibition and Neuromodulation -- 12 Conclusion -- References. ; Motoneuronal Regulation of Central Pattern Generator and Network Function -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Role of Motoneurons in Initiating Spontaneous Bursting in the Developing Spinal Cord -- 3 Excitatory Effects of Ventral Root Stimulation on Neonatal Mammalian Spinal Networks -- 4 Motoneuronal Regulation of Locomotion -- 5 Ventral Root Afferents -- 6 Optogenetic Manipulation of Motoneuron Activity During Locomotion -- 7 Motoneuronal Regulation of Central Pattern Generating Circuitry in Non-mammalian Vertebrates -- 8 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Extraocular Motoneurons and Neurotrophism -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Discharge Characteristics of Extraocular Motoneurons -- 3 Quantitative Analysis of Extraocular Motoneuron Firing Rate -- 4 Firing Pattern of Abducens Motoneurons -- Discharge of Abducens Motoneurons During Fixations -- Discharge of Abducens Motoneurons During Saccades -- Discharge of Abducens Motoneurons During Vestibularly-Induced Eye Movements -- 5 MIF and SIF Extraocular Motoneurons: Is There a Functional Segregation? -- Singly and Multiply Innervated Muscle Fibers -- Anatomical Evidence -- Physiological Evidence -- 6 Response of Extraocular Motoneurons to Injury and Administration of Neurotrophic Factors -- Axotomy of Extraocular Motoneurons and Administration of Neurotrophic Factors During Postnatal Development -- Effects of Axotomy on the Discharge and Synaptic Properties of Extraocular Motoneurons in Adult Mammals -- BDNF and NT-3: Two Neurotrophins with Complementary Actions on the Function/Structure of Extraocular Motoneurons -- NGF Activity in Extraocular Motoneurons -- VEGF: A Powerful Neurotrophic Factor for Extraocular Motoneurons -- 7 Higher Resistance of Extraocular Motoneurons to Degeneration in ALS -- 8 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Part III: Motoneuron Disease -- Motoneuron Diseases -- 1 Introduction. ; 2 What Some Numbers Tell About MNDs.
• Titolo autorizzato: Vertebrate Motoneurons
• ISBN: 3-031-07167-0
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910592982003321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Advances in Neurobiology