Detection of malingering during head injury litigation / / edited by Arthur MacNeill Horton and Cecil R. Reynolds

• Pubblicazione: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021]; ©2021
• Edizione: 3rd ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (366 pages)
• Disciplina: 614.15
• Soggetto topico: Malingering - Diagnosis; Lesions cerebrals; Neuroradiologia; Prevenció del delicte; Simulació (Ciències de la salut); Processos
• Soggetto genere / forma: Llibres electrònics
• Persona (resp. second.): ReynoldsCecil R. <1952->; HortonArthur MacNeill <1947->
• Note generali: Includes index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Assessment of Malingering and Falsification: Continuing to Push the Boundaries of Knowledge in Research and Clinical Practice -- 1 Limitations of Experience in Learning to Detect Malingering: Benefits of Augmenting Clinical Judgment with Formal Methods -- 2 Potential Benefits of Experience and Case Study -- 3 What Is the Nature of the Phenomenon We Are Trying to Measure? -- 3.1 Fundamental Components -- 3.2 Malingering Is a Hypothetical Construct -- 3.3 Distinguishing Between the Nature of Entities and Effective Measurement Strategies -- Key Questions About the Nature of Malingering -- 4 Clinical Needs and Research Agenda -- 4.1 Framing the Problem -- 4.2 Sources of Inaccuracy -- 4.3 Factors That Contribute to Case Difficulty and Ambiguity -- 4.4 Examiner Factors: Data Gathering and Selection of Procedures -- 4.5 Examiner Factors: Interpretive Approaches -- Confirmatory Bias and Premature Closure -- Illusory Correlation and Failure to Analyze Covariation -- Overconfidence -- Inappropriate Disjunctive or Conjunctive Strategies -- Data Combination -- Failure to Consider or Properly Apply Base Rates -- Misappraisal of Injury Severity -- 4.6 Examinee Factors -- The Skill of the Falsifier -- Preparation/"Coaching"/Incentives -- Overlap and Other Factors Compromising Effort -- Fluctuations or Changes in Conditions -- Complexity -- Less Well-Studied Conditions -- Absence of Hard Evidence -- Cultural Diversity -- Subtlety of Presentation/Relevant Differentials -- 5 Research Factors and Pressing Needs -- 5.1 Mixed Presentations: Injured and Malingering -- Variations in Conjoint Presentations -- Conjoint Presentations: Limits in Knowledge and Potential Consequences -- Implications of Conjoint Presentations for Clinical and Research. ; Obstacles Created by Inter- and Intra-Individual Variation and the Need for Baseline Measurement -- Mixed Presentations: Some Additional Thoughts -- 5.2 The Extreme Group Problem -- Explanation of the EGP -- Possible Strategies for Addressing the EGP -- 5.3 Lack of Representative Samples -- 5.4 Base Rates: Some Research Priorities -- 5.5 Transparency -- 5.6 Data Combination and Incremental Validity -- 6 Caveats and Final Comments -- 6.1 Proposed Criteria for Malingering Detection -- 6.2 Labeling -- 6.3 Values Placed on Avoiding False-Positive Versus False-Negative Errors -- 6.4 Effort Is Not All or None -- 6.5 Extreme Results of Malingering Tests Are Often Not What They Seem -- 6.6 Response Set Measures on Questionnaires/Appraisal Of Informants -- 6.7 Potential Benefits of Adaptive Testing -- 6.8 Creative Use of Simulation Designs -- 6.9 Some Additional Thoughts on Research -- References -- Ethical Issues in Assessing Malingering in Head Injury Litigation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Defining Malingering and Related Terms -- 3 Five Common Misconceptions of Validity Assessment -- 3.1 Litigants Who Intentionally Deceive Are "Bad" -- 3.2 The Base Rate for Litigant Deception Is Definitively Known -- 3.3 Litigant Deception Is of Trivial Significance -- 3.4 Litigant Deception Occurs in a Straightforward, Predictable Manner -- 3.5 Cutoff Scores on Validity Tests Are Extremely Accurate and Work Equally Well with all Litigant Populations -- 4 Twelve Important Ethical and Professional Issues in Forensic Neuropsychology -- 4.1 Professional Competence -- 4.2 Third-Party Requests for Service -- 4.3 Multiple Relationships and Conflicts of Interest -- 4.4 Informed Consent and Notification of Purpose -- 4.5 Bases for Assessments and Scientific and Professional Judgment -- 4.6 Use of Assessments and Interpreting Assessment Results. ; 4.7 Test Security and Release of Test Data -- 4.8 Contingency Fees -- 4.9 Impartiality and Bias -- 4.10 Third-Party Observers -- 4.11 Accuracy and Truthfulness in Public Statements -- 4.12 Addressing Ethical Misconduct -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Cultural Aspects in Assessing Malingering Detection -- 1 Overview of the Chapter -- 2 Assessing Cognition in a Cross-Cultural Context -- 3 Cross-Cultural Effects on Malingering Detection -- 3.1 Efficacy of Stand-Alone Validity Indicators -- 3.2 Efficacy of Embedded Validity Indicators -- 4 Recommendations -- 4.1 Recommendations for the Individual Clinician -- Prior to the Assessment (Acquiring Cultural Competence, Examinee/Examiner Characteristics, and Use of Interpreters) -- During the Assessment (Testing Environment and Test Selection) -- Post Assessment (Interpretation and Report Writing) -- 4.2 General Recommendations -- Adequate Adaptation of Tests -- Need for Further Research and Test Development -- 5 Summary -- 6 Appendix (Case Report: Reaching Informed Decisions Regarding Malingering in a Cross-Cultural Context) -- References -- Neuroimaging and Invalid Neuropsychological Test Performance -- 1 Lesion Analysis: How Neuropathology May Influence SVT and PVT Interpretation -- 2 Neuroimaging Findings, SVT/PVT Results, and Forensic Application -- 3 Functional Neuroimaging and Experimental Paradigms of Malingering -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Use of the Word Memory Test (WMT), Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT) and Nonverbal Medical Symptom Validity Test (NV-MSVT) in Assessment Following Head Injury -- 1 Word Memory Test -- 1.1 WMT Structure -- 1.2 Development of the WMT -- 1.3 Overwhelming Effects of Poor Task Engagement -- 1.4 WMT in Criminal Settings -- 1.5 Important GMIP Considerations -- 2 Medical Symptom Validity Test -- 3 Non-Verbal Medical Symptom Validity Test. ; 4 MSVT and NV-MSVT TBI Studies -- 5 The Concern about WMT False-Positives -- References -- Nonverbal Performance Validity Testing: Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 TOMM Use with Children -- 1.2 TOMM Use with Different Groups -- Hearing Impaired -- Spanish Speaking -- 1.3 Differential Cut Score Results in Adults and Children and Adults Versus Children -- 1.4 TOMM Accuracy: Specificity/Sensitivity -- 2 Trial 1 Versus Both Trails -- 3 The TOMM First Ten Items Versus Full First Trial -- 3.1 TOMM Agreement with Other PVTs -- References -- Malingering of Executive Functioning in Head Injury Litigation -- 1 Methodological Issues -- 2 Performance-Based Executive Functioning Measures -- 2.1 Wisconsin Card Sorting Test -- 2.2 Category Test -- 2.3 Fluency Tasks -- 2.4 Stroop Tasks -- 2.5 Trail Making Test -- 2.6 Summary -- 3 Physiological Measures -- 4 Self-Reported Executive Functioning -- 5 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Assessment of Malingering Among Head Injury Litigants with the MMPI-2, MMPI-2-RF, and MMPI-3 -- 1 Threats to Protocol Validity -- 2 MMPI-2 and MMPI-2-RF Validity Scales -- 2.1 MMPI-2 Validity Scales -- 2.2 MMPI-2-RF Validity Scales -- 2.3 Research on the MMPI-2-RF Overreporting Scales -- 2.4 MMPI-2-RF Interpretation Recommendations -- 3 Looking Ahead: The MMPI-3 -- 3.1 Development and Description of the MMPI-3 -- 3.2 MMPI-3 Substantive Scales -- 3.3 MMPI-3 Validity Scales -- 4 Chapter Summary -- References -- Performance Validity Assessment in Pediatric Evaluations -- 1 Development of Deception in Children -- 2 Is There Evidence That Children Engage in Deception in Clinical Settings? -- 3 How Good Are Adults at Deception Detection? -- 4 Brief Overview of PVTs in Youth -- 5 Free-Standing PVTs -- 5.1 Tests Specifically Developed for Pediatric Samples -- 5.2 Adult PVTs Researched for Use with Pediatric Samples. ; 6 Embedded PVTs -- 6.1 Tests Developed Specifically for Pediatric Samples -- 6.2 Embedded PVTs Originally Derived for Adult Samples -- 7 Important Groups to Consider -- 7.1 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) -- 7.2 Learning Disabilities (LD) -- 7.3 Sports-Related Concussions -- 7.4 mTBI (Without Litigation) -- 8 Potential Reasons for Failure -- 8.1 Legal Factors -- 8.2 Family Factors -- 8.3 Academic Difficulties -- 8.4 Social Factors -- 8.5 Sports Factors -- 8.6 Psychological Factors -- 9 PVT and mTBI Litigation -- 10 Concluding Thought -- References -- Explaining Performance and Symptom Validity Testing to the Trier of Fact -- 1 Scenario 1 -- 1.1 Cross-Examination By Plaintiff's Attorney of the Defense Neuropsychologist -- 1.2 Redirect by Defense Attorney -- 2 Scenario 2 -- 2.1 Cross-Examination by Plaintiff's Attorney of the Defense Neuropsychologist -- 2.2 Redirect by Defense Attorney -- 3 Scenario 3 -- 3.1 Cross-Examination by Plaintiff's Attorney of the Defense Neuropsychologist -- 3.2 Redirect by Defense Attorney -- 4 Scenario 4 -- 5 Scenario 5 -- 5.1 Cross-Examination by Plaintiff's Attorney of the Defense Neuropsychologist -- 6 Concluding Comment -- References -- Index.
• Titolo autorizzato: Detection of malingering during head injury litigation
• ISBN: 3-030-54656-X
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910495246003321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II