Microbial exopolysaccharides as novel and significant biomaterials / / Ashok Kumar Nadda, Sajna K. V., Swati Sharma, editors

• Pubblicazione: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021]; ©2021
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (348 pages)
• Disciplina: 660.63
• Soggetto topico: Microbial exopolysaccharides - Biotechnology
• Persona (resp. second.): KumarAshok; K. VSajna; SharmaSwati
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- 1 Microbial Exopolysaccharides: An Introduction -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Novel Exopolysaccharides with Therapeutic/Industrial Significance -- 3 Physiological Roles and Ecological Aspects of EPS -- 4 Biosynthesis and Metabolic Regulations of EPSs -- 5 Applications and Commercial Prospects of EPS -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 Techniques Used for Characterization of Microbial Exopolysaccharides -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Isolation Methods of Extracellular Polysaccharides -- 3 Characterization Methods -- 3.1 Pulsed Amperometric Detection (PAD) -- 3.2 Fast Atom Bombardment-Mass Spectrometry (FAB-MS) -- 3.3 Turbidometric and Colorimetric Method -- 3.4 Carbazole Method -- 3.5 Uronic Acid Screening -- 3.6 96-Well Assay -- 3.7 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) -- 3.8 Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization/Mass Spectrometry(UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) -- 3.9 Multi Laser Light Scattering Spectrometer (Malls) -- 3.10 Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy -- 3.11 Attenuated Reflection Microscopy (ATR) -- 3.12 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy -- 4 Microscopic Techniques -- 4.1 Scanning and Electron Microscopy -- 4.2 Multiple Fluorescence Staining and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) -- 4.3 Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis -- 4.4 Atomic Force Microscopy -- 4.5 Raman Microscopy -- 4.6 Thermo Gravimetric Analysis -- 4.7 Gas Chromatography (GC) -- 4.8 Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (CE) -- 4.9 Bioinformatics Methods -- 5 Future Perspectives and Conclusions -- References -- 3 Molecular Basis and Genetic Regulation of EPS -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 EPS Biosynthesis Pathways -- 2.1 Wzx/Wzy-Dependent Pathway -- 2.2 ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter-Dependent Pathway -- 2.3 Synthase-Dependent Pathway. ; 2.4 Extracellular Synthesis Pathway by Use of a Single Sucrase Protein -- 2.5 Unidentified Pathways -- 3 Genes Directing EPS Biosynthesis -- 3.1 Xanthan-The Most Diverse Heteropolysaccharide Bearing a Long Side Chain -- 3.2 Sphingan-A Family of Diverse Heteropolysaccharides -- 3.3 Succinoglycan (SG)-A Heteropolysaccharide Composed of a Large Repeating Unit -- 3.4 Colanic Acid (CA)-An Antigenic EPS -- 3.5 Curdlan-A Water-Insoluble Homopolysaccharide -- 3.6 Cellulose-Bacterial EPS of Biomedical Value -- 3.7 Alginates-Heteropolysaccharide Synthesized Via an Envelope-Embedded Multiprotein Complex -- 3.8 Hyaluronan-A Hydrophilic Heteropolysaccharide -- 3.9 Amylovoran-Acidic Exopolysaccharide of Erwinia amylovora -- 3.10 Dextran and Other Glucan Homopolymers -- 3.11 Pullulan-A Glucose-Based Homopolysaccharide -- 3.12 Levan and Inulin-Polyfructan Polymers -- 3.13 Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)-A Versatile Group of EPS Producers -- 3.14 Biofilms-A Matrix-Encase -- 3.15 Cyanobacterial and Diatoms' EPS -- 4 Genes and Regulators that Influence EPS Biosynthesis -- 4.1 RSI Circuit-Complex Network of Multiple Transcriptional Regulators -- 4.2 RcsAB Box (Regulator of Capsule Synthesis AB) -- 4.3 3 CysB-A Transcriptional Regulator in Xanthan Biosynthesis -- 4.4 KinB and AlgB-Regulators of Alginate Biosynthesis -- 4.5 PilB-Type IV Pilus Assembly ATPase -- 4.6 IrrE-A Global Transcriptional Regulator -- 4.7 HpaR1-A GntR Family Transcription Regulator -- 4.8 MetR-A LysR-Type Transcriptional Regulator -- 4.9 RpfR-An Integral Biofilm Regulator Between Sessile and Motile Cycles of Bacteria -- 4.10 EmmABC-The Three-Component Regulatory Circuit -- 4.11 The GacS/A System-A Regulator of Alginates Through SRNA -- 4.12 PcoR and RfiA-LuxR Regulators of Alginate Production -- 4.13 GlnA-Regulator of Curdlan Biosynthesis. ; 4.14 AmrZ and FleQ-Transcriptional Regulators of Cellulose Biosynthesis -- 4.15 Multicomponent Regulation of EPS1 -- 5 The Multi-faceted Role of c-di-GMP -- 6 Genetic Engineering Strategies to Modify EPS -- 6.1 Modifying Glycosyltransferase Genes -- 6.2 Modifying Central Metabolism Pathways -- 6.3 Use of New Microbial Cell Factories -- 7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Molecular Engineering of Bacterial Exopolysaccharide for Improved Properties -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Biological Role of EPS -- 1.2 Properties and Applications of EPS -- 1.3 Commercially Employed EPS -- 2 Brief Pathways of EPS Production in Bacteria -- 3 Metabolic Engineering Strategies for EPS Production -- 3.1 Metabolic Engineering for Increase in Yield -- 3.2 Metabolic Engineering for the Structural Changes -- 4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Extremophiles: A Versatile Source of Exopolysaccharide -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Significance of EPS Production by Extremophiles -- 3 Biofilm Production and EPS -- 4 EPS Produced by a Diverse Group of Extremophiles -- 4.1 Production of EPS by Thermophilic Microorganisms -- 4.2 Production of EPS by Psychrophilic Microorganisms -- 4.3 Production of EPS by Halophilic Microorganisms -- 4.4 Production of EPS by Acidophilic Microorganisms -- 4.5 Production of EPS by Alkaliphilic Microorganisms -- 5 Biotechnological Application of Extremophilic EPS -- 5.1 Application in Food Industry -- 5.2 Application in Pharmaceutical Industry -- 5.3 Application in Productions of Biomaterials -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Pullulan: Biosynthesis, Production and Applications -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 About Pullulan -- 2.1 Structure and Properties -- 2.1.1 Pullulan Degradation and Derivatization -- 3 Biosynthesis of Pullulan -- 4 Production -- 4.1 Downstream Processing -- 4.2 Quality. ; 5 Applications of Pullulan -- 5.1 Food -- 5.2 Biomedical -- 5.3 Cosmetics -- 5.4 Environmental -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Exopolysaccharides in Drug Delivery Systems -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Chemical Structure of Exopolysaccharides -- 3 Homoexopolysaccharides -- 3.1 Levan as Drug Delivery System -- 3.2 Pullulan as Drug Delivery System -- 3.3 Curdlan as Drug Delivery System -- 3.4 Other (1,3)-β-d-Glucans as Drug Delivery Systems -- 4 Heteroexopolysaccharides -- 4.1 Xanthan as Drug Delivery System -- 4.2 Gellan as Drug Delivery System -- 4.3 Alginate as Drug Delivery Systems -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Exopolysaccharides in Food Processing Industrials -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Cellulose -- 3 Pullulan -- 4 Xanthan Gum -- 5 Dextran -- 6 Kefiran -- 7 Curdlan -- 8 Emulsan -- 9 Alginate -- 10 Gellan -- 11 Carrageenan -- 12 Hyaluronic Acid -- 13 Levan -- 14 Colanic Acid -- 15 Welan -- 16 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Microbial EPS as Immunomodulatory Agents -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Immunomodulatory Activity -- 3 Microbial Polysaccharides and Their Immunomodulatory Activities -- 3.1 Bacterial EPS as Immunomodulators -- 3.2 Microalgal EPS as Immunomodulators -- 3.3 Fungal EPS as Immunomodulators -- 4 Factors Influencing the Immunomodulatory Activity of EPS -- 5 Mechanism of Action of EPS Immunomodulators -- 5.1 Activation of Macrophage and Immune Modulatory Cascade -- 5.1.1 Toll-Like Receptors 2/4-Mediated Signalling Cascade -- 5.1.2 Complement Receptor 3 (CR3) Mediated Cascade -- 5.1.3 Mannose Receptors (MR)-Mediated Cascade -- 5.1.4 Scavenger Receptors (SR)-Mediated Cascade -- 5.1.5 Dectin-1-Mediated Cascade -- 5.2 Activation of T/B Lymphocytes and Immune Modulatory Cascade -- 5.2.1 Membrane Immunoglobulin (mIg) Mediated Cascade -- 5.2.2 T Cell Receptor-Mediated Cascade. ; 5.3 Activation of Natural Killer Cells and Immune Modulatory Cascade -- 5.4 Activation of the Complement System and Immune Modulatory Cascade -- 6 Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Activity -- 6.1 In Vitro Assays -- 6.2 In Vivo Assays -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Novel Insights of Microbial Exopolysaccharides as Bio-adsorbents for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Soil and Wastewater -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Microbial EPSs -- 2.1 Diversity in Microbial EPSs -- 2.2 Commercial Uses -- 3 Characterization of EPS by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy -- 4 EPS-Metal Interactions -- 4.1 Bacteria EPS-Heavy Metal Interactions -- 4.2 Mechanism -- 4.3 Bioremediation of HM-Contaminated Soil -- 4.4 Bioremediation of HM-Contaminated Water -- 4.5 Advantages Over Conventional Methods -- 5 Knowledge Gaps and Future Directions -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 11 Applications of EPS in Environmental Bioremediations -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Environment Pollutants -- 3 Sustainable Bioremediation of Toxic Heavy Metals -- 4 Applications of EPS in Bioremediation of Colorant-Containing Residual from Textile Effluent -- 5 EPS in Bioremediation of Oil Spills and Petroleum-Contaminated Sites -- 6 EPS in Bioremediation of Toxic Chemicals (PCBs, PAHs, CP) -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 12 Cost-Benefit Analysis and Industrial Potential of Exopolysaccharides -- Abstract -- 1 General Introduction to Cost-Benefit Analysis of Microbial Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) -- 2 Microbial EPSs Potential for Industrial Application -- 2.1 Bacterial EPSs -- 2.2 Fungal EPSs -- 2.3 Yeast EPSs -- 2.4 Microalgal EPSs -- 2.5 Archaeal EPSs -- 3 Factors Affecting Cost-Benefit Ratio in Industrial Application of Microbial EPSs -- 3.1 Production Process -- 3.2 Customer's Preference -- 4 Future Perspectives. ; 4.1 Technical Breakthrough Expected to Confer Benefits on Industrial Application of Microbial EPSs.
• Titolo autorizzato: Microbial Exopolysaccharides As Novel and Significant Biomaterials
• ISBN: 3-030-75289-5
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910491026403321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Springer series on polymer and composite materials.