Biological aspects of human health and well-being / / Tsisana Shartava, editor

• Pubblicazione: New York, : Nova Science Publishers, c2011
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (291 p.)
• Disciplina: 612/.015
• Soggetto topico: Biochemistry; Clinical biochemistry
• Altri autori: ShartavaTsisana
• Note generali: "International journal of medical and biological frontiers, Volume 16, Issue 1/2."
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HUMAN HEALTH AND WELL-BEING -- BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HUMAN HEALTH AND WELL-BEING -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter I CONTROL OF EMERGING INFECTIOUS AGENTS CAUSING NOSOCOMIAL AND COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED CROSS INFECTIONS IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTS. -- COMMENTARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter II GENETIC TOOLS APPLICATIONS TO BIOTECHNOLOGY OF CYANOBACTERIA -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CYANOBACTERIA ARE SOURCE OF A LARGE VARIETY OF BIOCOMPOUNDS -- CYANOBACTERIA ARE PROMISING PRODUCERS OF MOLECULAR HYDROGEN - FUTURE ECOLOGICALY PURE FUEL -- CYANOBACTERIA AND ENVIRONMENT -- CYANOBACTERIA AND NANOTECHNOLOGY -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter III WHY GLUCOSE IS THE PRINCIPAL SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR LIVING BEINGS? AND THE EXPLANATION OF HUMAN DISEASES -- DEDICATION -- INTRODUCTION -- THE HYPOTHESIS OF THE BIOLOGICAL COMPETITION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES -- EXPLANATION OF HUMAN DISEASES BASED ON THE BIOLOGICAL COMPETITION -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter IV THE EVOLUTION BIOLOGY OF HEALTH AND DISEASE CLINICAL MEDICINE AS SEEN FROM A DARWINIAN PERSPECTIVE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- AUGMENTING MEDICINE WITH EVOLUTIONARY INSIGHTS -- WHY NATURAL SELECTION HAS LEFT US VULNERABLE TO DISEASE -- ALLERGY AND CANCER: A COMPLEX RELATIONSHIP -- GENE/ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS -- ECOLOGY OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE -- EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION -- THE POLYMORPHIC MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX -- "RECENT" EVOLUTION IN HOMO SAPIENS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter V A QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP FOR THE GASTROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF FLAVONOIDS EVALUATED IN HUMAN COLON ADENOCARCINOMA HT-29 CELLS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF FLAVONOIDS -- PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FLAVONOIDS -- Bond Dissociation Energy (BDE) -- Lipophilicity (log P). ; CYTOPROTECTION ASSAY -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- Materials -- Assessment of Cell Viability -- Culture and Treatment of HT-29 Cells -- Annexin V Staining and Flow Cytometric Analysis -- CALCULATION OF RESULTS -- Cell Death Index (CDI) -- Calculation of 50% Reduction in Cell Death (EC50) -- QUANTUM CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS -- Calculation of Heat of Formation -- Calculation of Log P -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Cytotoxic effects of H2O2 -- Cytotoxicity of Flavonoids -- The Influence of Trolox on Cytotoxic Effects of H2O2 -- STRUCTURAL RELATED CYTOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF FLAVONOIDS -- Effects of Hydroxyl Groups in the B Ring -- Effect of the 3-OH Group, 2,3-Double Bond and 4-Keto Group -- Effect of the Carbohydrate Moieties -- CYTOPROTECTIVE AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FLAVONOIDS -- Correlation between O-H Bond Dissociation Enthalpy (BDE) and Cytoprotective Activity (EC50) of Flavonoids -- Correlation between Partition Coefficient (Log P) and Cytoprotective Activity (EC50) of Flavonoids -- Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) Model -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter VI SIALYLATION MECHANISM IN BACTERIA: FOCUSED ON CMP-N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID SYNTHETASES AND SIALYLTRANSFERASES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BIOSYNTHESIS OF SIALIC ACIDS AND SIALYL-GLYCOCONJUGATES -- CMP-Neu5Ac Synthetase -- Origin of Bacterial CMP-Neu5Ac Synthetase -- Features of Bacterial CMP-Neu5Ac Synthetases -- SIALYLTRANSFERASES -- Origin and Classification of the Bacterial Sialyltransferases -- Tertiary Structure of Bacterial Sialyltransferases -- Reaction of GT Family 80 Sialyltransferases -- Sialyltransferases Belong to GT Family 80 -- α2,6-SialyltransferaseObtained from P. damselae -- α2,6-SialyltransferaseObtained from P. leiognathi -- α/β-Galactoside α2,3-sialyltransferase from Vibrio sp. ; Multi-Functional α2,3 Sialyltransferase from P. multocida -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter VII THE HEPATOCELLULAR DYSFUNCTION CRITERIA: HEPATOCYTE CARBOHYDRATE METABOLIZING ENZYMES AND KUPFFER CELL LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES IN 2'NITROIMIDAZOLE EFFECT ON AMOEBIC LIVER ABSCESS (ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC - ENZYME APPROACH) -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODS AND MATERIALS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- CHALLENGES, LIMITATIONS AND FUTURISTIC APPROACHES -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter VIII THE EFFECT OF NITROIMIDAZOLE ON GLUCOKINASE ENZYME REGULATORY PROPERTIES: GLUCOKINASE AS BIOSENSOR# -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter IX POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL EFFECTS OF ESTROGENS ON GENE EXPRESSION: MESSENGER RNA STABILITY AND TRANSLATION REGULATED BY MICRORNAS AND OTHER FACTORS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- ESTROGENS STABILIZE AND DESTABILIZE SPECIFIC MRNAS -- ESTROGENS AFFECT MRNA TRANSLATION -- ESTROGEN ACTIONS AND MICRORNAS -- MicroRNAs - Biogenesis and Regulation of Gene Expression -- Estrogens Regulate Expression of MicroRNA Genes in Responsive Tissues During Normal Physiology and Disease -- MicroRNAs Regulate ER Gene Expression and Estrogen Actions -- FUTURE THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO REGULATING POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL ESTROGEN ACTIONS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter X EPIGENETICS OF GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASE: GENOMIC IMPRINTING AND X CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- PLACENTA DEVELOPMENT AND TROPHOBLASTIC CELLS -- GENOMIC IMPRINTING AND PLACENTAL DEVELOPMENT -- GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASES: ABNORMAL GENOMES AND GENOMIC IMPRINTING -- X CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION AND PLACENTAL DEVELOPMENT -- PATERNAL X CHROMOSOME IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF HUMAN TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES. ; Chapter XI THE ROLE OF SUPRASPINAL GABA AND GLUTAMATE IN THE MEDIATION AND MODULATION OF PAIN -- ABSTRACT -- ABBREVIATIONS -- INTRODUCTION -- THE GABAERGIC AND GLUTAMATERGIC SYSTEMS -- GABA RECEPTORS -- GABAA Receptor Subunit Composition -- GABAB Receptor Subunit Composition -- IONOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS -- NMDA Receptor Subunit Composition -- AMPA Receptor Subunit Composition -- Kainate Receptor Subunit Composition -- METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS -- SOME IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS -- THE ROLE OF SUPRASPINAL GABAERGIC AND GLUTAMATERGIC SYSTEMS DURING PAIN -- PLASTICITY OF SUPRASPINAL GABAERGIC AND GLUTAMATERGIC SYSTEMS DURING PAIN -- Changes in Activity of Supraspinal GABA and Glutamate Neurons in Animal Models of Acute Pain -- Changes in Activity of Supraspinal GABA and Glutamate Neurons in Animal Models of Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain -- Brain Regional Alterations in Levels of GABA and Glutamate or Their Receptors in Animal Models of Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain -- PHARMACOLOGICAL ELUCIDATION OF THE ROLES OF SUPRASPINAL IONOTROPIC AND METABOTROPIPC GABA AND GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR SUBTYPES IN ANIMAL MODELS OF ACUTE PAIN -- Effects of Supraspinal Administration of Agents Acting at GABAA Receptors in Animal Models of Acute Pain -- Effects of Supraspinal Administration of Agents Acting at GABAB Receptors in Animal Models of Acute Pain -- Effects of Supraspinal Administration of Agents Acting at Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in Animal Models of Acute Pain -- Effects of Supraspinal Administration of Agents Acting at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Animal Models of Acute Pain -- PHARMACOLOGICAL ELUCIDATION OF THE ROLES OF SUPRASPINAL IONOTROPIC AND METABOTROPIPC GABA AND GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR SUBTYPES IN ANIMAL MODELS OF INFLAMMATORY AND NEUROPATHIC PAIN. ; Effects of Supraspinal Administration of Agents Acting at GABAA Receptors in Animal Models of Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain -- Effects of Supraspinal Administration of Agents Acting at GABAB Receptors in Animal Models of Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain -- Effects of Supraspinal Administration of Agents Acting at Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in Animal Models of Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain -- Effects of Supraspinal Administration of Agents Acting at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Animal Models of Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain -- THE ROLE OF CENTRAL GABA AND GLUTAMATE IN THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECTS OF ANALGESICS -- NSAIDs and Paracetamol -- Opioids -- Cannabinoids -- Anticonvulsants and Antidepressants -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter XII MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY OF INTRAVITAL DEEP OCULAR TISSUES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MULTIPHOTON IMAGING SYSTEM -- 3. SUBJECTS AND EXAMINATIONS -- 3.1. Corneal and Sclera Examinations -- 3.2. Retinal Examinations -- 4. CORNEAL MULTIPHOTON IMAGING -- 4.1. Optical Overview of Corneal Architecture with Subcellular Resolution Based on Multiphoton Excitation Microscopy/Tomography -- 4.1.1. Multiphoton Autofluorescence Tomography of Corneal Epithelial Layers (At Depths of 10, 25, and 41 Microns, Respectively) -- 4.1.2. Revealing of Stromal Intact Cellular and Collagenous Networks Based on Multiphoton Excitation Imaging -- (i) Selective Displaying of Intratissue Keratocyte Networks in Stroma with Intracellular Spatial Resolution -- (ii) SHG Signal Imaging of Collagen Lamellas in Corneal Stroma -- (iii) Microstructural Co-localization and Topography of Keratocytes and their Hosting Collagen Lamellas in Corneal Stroma Based on 2PF and SHG -- 4.1.3. Multiphoton Excitation Detection of Endothelial Cells at a Corneal Depth of 369 Microns with Living Animals. ; 4.2. Optical Determination of Bowman's Layer with In-tandem Combination Assistance of 2PF and SHG Signal Imaging.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book presents and discusses current research in the field of biology, with a particular emphasis on biological factors and their role in health and well-being. Topics discussed include the biotechnology of cyanobacteria; the reasons why glucose is the principal source of energy for living beings; post-transcriptional effects of estrogen on gene expression; sialylation mechanism in bacteria and the evolution biology of health and disease clinical medicine from a Darwinian perspective.
• Titolo autorizzato: Biological aspects of human health and well-being
• ISBN: 1-61470-792-8
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910960676403321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Medicine and Biology Research Developments