Petroleum refining design and applications handbook . Volume 4. : heat transfer, pinch analysis, process safety incidents / / A. Kayode Coker

• Autore: Coker A. Kayode
• Pubblicazione: Hoboken, NJ : , : Wiley, , [2023]; ©2023
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (1083 pages)
• Disciplina: 665.53
• Soggetto topico: Petroleum - Refining
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Companion Web Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 21 Heat Transfer -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.1.1 Types of Heat Transfer Equipment Terminology -- 21.2 Details of Exchange Equipment -- Assembly and Arrangement -- Construction Codes -- Thermal Rating Standards -- Details of Stationary Heads -- Exchanger Shell Types -- 21.3 Factors Affecting Shell Selection -- 21.3.1 Details of Rear End Heads -- 21.4 Common Combinations of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers -- AES -- BEM -- AEP -- CFU -- AKT -- AJW -- Tubes -- 21.5 Bending of Tubing -- Baffles -- Tube Side Baffles (TEMA uses Pass Partition Plates) -- 21.6 Shell-Side Baffles and Tube Supports -- Tie Rods -- Tubesheets -- Tube Joints in Tubesheets -- Seal Strips -- Example 21.1 Determine Outside Heat Transfer Area of Heat Exchanger Bundle -- Tubesheets Layouts -- 21.7 Tube Counts in Shells -- Applications of Tube Pitch Arrangements -- 21.8 Exchanger Surface Area -- Number of Tubes -- Exact Distance Between Faces of Tubesheets -- Net Effective Tube Length -- Exact Baffle Spacing -- Impingement Baffle Location -- Effective Tube Surface -- Effective Tube Length for U-Tube Heat Exchangers -- 21.9 Tube Vibration -- 21.9.1 Vibration Mechanisms -- 21.9.2 Treatment of Vibration Problems -- 21.9.3 Corrective Measures -- Example 21.2 Use of U-Tube Area Chart -- Nozzle Connections to Shell and Heads -- 21.10 Types of Heat Exchange Operations -- 21.10.1 Thermal Design -- 21.10.2 Temperature Difference: Two Fluid Transfer -- Example 21.3 One Shell Pass, Two Tubes Passes Parallel-Counterflow Exchanger Cross, After Murty -- 21.10.3 Mean Temperature Difference or Log Mean Temperature Difference -- 21.10.4 Log Mean Temperature Difference Correction Factor, F -- 21.10.5 Correction for Multipass Flow Through Heat Exchangers. ; Example 21.4 Performance Examination for Exit Temperature of Fluids -- Example 21.5 Calculation of Weighted MTD -- Example 21.6 Calculation of LMTD and Correction -- Example 21.7 Calculate the LMTD -- Solution -- Temperature for Fluid Properties Evaluation-Caloric Temperature -- Tube Wall Temperature -- Example 21.8 Heating of Glycerin in a Multipass Heat Exchanger -- Solution -- 21.11 The Effectiveness-NTU Method -- Example 21.9 Heating Water in a Counter Current Flow Heat Exchanger -- Solution -- Example 21.10 LMTD and ε-NTU Methods -- Solution -- Example 21.11 -- Solution -- 21.12 Pressure Drop, Δp -- 21.12.1 Frictional Pressure Drop -- 21.12.2 Factors Affecting Pressure Drop (Δp) -- Tube-Side Pressure Drop, Δpf -- Shell-Side Pressure Drop Δpf -- Shell Nozzle Pressure Drop (Δpnoz) -- Total Shell-Side Pressure Drop, Δptotal -- 21.13 Heat Balance -- Heat Load or Duty -- Example 21.12 Heat Duty of a Condenser with Liquid Subcooling -- 21.14 Transfer Area -- Over Surface and Over Design -- 21.15 Fouling of Tube Surface -- 21.15.1 Crude Oil Fouling In Pre-Heat Train Exchangers -- Crude Type -- Crude Blending -- Crude Oil Fouling Models -- Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers' Association (TEMA) and Model Approach for Fouling Resistance, Rf of Crude Oil Pre-Heat Trains -- Fouling Mitigation and Monitoring -- HIS smartPM Software -- Effect of Fouling on Exchanger Heat Transfer Performance -- Example 21.13 -- Solution -- Example 21.14 -- Solution -- Prevention and Control of Liquid-Side Fouling -- Prevention and Control of Gas-Side Fouling -- UnSim Design HEX Network Digital Twin Model -- Selecting Tube Pass Arrangement -- Super Clean System Technology -- 21.16 Exchanger Design -- 21.16.1 Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients for Plain or Bare Tubes -- Example 21.15 Calculation of Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient from Individual Components. ; Approximate Values for Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients -- Simplified Equations -- Film Coefficients With Fluids Outside Tubes Forced Convection -- Viscosity Correction Factor (μ/μw)0.14 -- Heat Transfer Coefficient for Water, hi -- Shell-Side Equivalent Tube Diameter -- Shell-Side Velocities -- Design and Rating of Heat Exchangers -- Rating of a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger -- Design of a Heat Exchanger -- Design Procedure for Forced Convection Heat Transfer in Exchanger Design -- Design Programs for a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger -- Example 21.16 Convection Heat Transfer Exchanger Design -- Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Design Procedure (S.I. units) -- Tubes -- Tube Side Pass Partition Plate -- Calculations of Tube Side Heat Transfer Coefficient -- Example 21.17 Design of a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (S.I. units) Kern's Model -- Solution -- Modified Design -- Shell-Side Pressure Drop, Δps -- Pressure Drop for Plain Tube Exchangers -- Tube Size -- Tube-Side Condensation Pressure Drop -- Shell-Side -- Unbaffled Shells -- Segmental Baffles in Shell -- Alternate: Segmental Baffles Pressure Drop -- A Case Study Using UniSim® Shell-Tube Exchanger (STE) Modeler -- Solution -- Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers: Single Phase -- Effect of Manufacturing Clearances on the Shell-Side Flow -- Bell-Delaware Method -- Ideal Shell-Side Film Heat Transfer Coefficient -- Shell-Side Film Heat Transfer Coefficient Correction Factors -- Baffle Cut and Spacing, Jc -- Baffle Leakage Effects, JL -- Bundle and Partition Bypass Effects, Jb -- Variations in Baffle Spacing, Js -- Temperature Gradient for Laminar Flow Regime, Jr -- Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient, U -- Shell-Side Pressure (Δp) -- Tube Pattern -- Accuracy of Correlations Between Kern's Method and the Bell-Delaware's Method -- Specification Process Data Sheet, Design, and Construction of Heat Exchangers. ; Rapid Design Algorithms for Shell and Tube and Compact Heat Exchangers: Polley et al. [173] -- Fluids in the Annulus of Tube-in-Pipe or Double Pipe Heat Exchanger, Forced Convection -- Finned Tube Exchangers -- Low Finned Tubes, 16 and 19 Fins/In. -- Finned Surface Heat Transfer -- Economics of Finned Tubes -- Tubing Dimensions -- Design for Heat Transfer Coefficients by Forced Convection Using Radial Low-Fin Tubes in Heat Exchanger Bundles -- Pressure Drop in Exchanger Shells Using Bundles of Low Fin Tubes -- Tube-Side Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop -- Design Procedure for Shell-Side Condensers and Shell-Side Condensation With Gas Cooling of Condensables, Fluid-Fluid Convection Heat Exchange -- Vertical Condensation on Low Fin Tubes -- Nucleate Boiling Outside Horizontal or Vertical Tubes -- Design Procedure for Boiling, Using Experimental Data -- Double Pipe Finned Tube Heat Exchangers -- Finned Side-Heat Transfer -- Tube Wall Resistance -- Tube-Side Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop -- Fouling Factor -- Finned Side Pressure Drop -- Design Equations for The Rating of A Double Pipe Heat Exchanger -- Inner Pipe -- Annulus -- Vapor Service -- Shell-Side Bare Tube -- Shell-Side (Finned Tube) -- Tube Side Pressure Drop, Δpt -- Annulus -- Calculation of the Pressure Drop -- Effect of Pressure Drop (Δp) on the Original Design -- Nomenclature -- Example 21.19 -- Solution -- Heat Balance -- Pressure Drop Calculations -- Tube-Side Δp -- Shell-Side Δp -- Plate and Frame Heat Exchangers -- Design Charts for Plate and Frame Heat Exchangers -- Selection -- Advantages -- Disadvantages -- Example 21.20 -- Solution -- Pressure Drop Calculations -- Cooling Water Side Pressure Drop -- Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers -- Induced Draft -- Forced Draft -- General Application -- Advantages-Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers -- Disadvantages -- Bid Evaluation. ; Design Consideration (Continuous Service) -- Mean Temperature Difference -- Design Procedure for Approximation -- Tube Side Fluid Temperature Control -- Rating Method for Air Cooler Exchangers -- The Equations -- The Air Side Pressure Drop, Δpa (in. H2O) -- Example 21.26 -- Solution -- Operations of Air Cooled Heat Exchangers -- Monitoring of Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers -- Boiling and Vaporization -- Boiling -- Vaporization -- Vaporization During Flow -- Vaporization in Horizontal Shell -- Natural Circulation -- Pool and Nucleate Boiling-General Correlation for Heat Flux and Critical Temperature Difference -- Example 21.27 -- Solution -- Reboiler Heat Balance -- Example 21.28 Reboiler Heat Duty after Kern -- Solution -- Kettle Horizontal Reboilers -- Maximum Bundle Heat Flux -- Nucleate or Alternate Designs Procedure -- Kettle Reboiler-Horizontal Shells -- Horizontal Kettle Reboiler Disengaging Space -- Kettle Horizontal Reboilers, Alternate Design -- Boiling: Nucleate Natural Circulation (Thermosyphon) Inside Vertical Tubes or Outside Horizontal Tubes -- Gilmour Method Modified -- Suggested Procedure for Vaporization with Sensible Heat Transfer -- Procedure for Horizontal Natural Circulation Thermosyphon Reboiler -- Kern Method -- Vaporization Inside Vertical Tubes -- Natural Thermosyphon Action -- Fair's Method -- Process Requirements -- Preliminary Design -- Circulation Rate -- Heat Transfer-Stepwise Method -- Circulation Rate -- Heat Transfer: Simplified Method -- Design Comments -- Example 21.29 C3 Splitter Reboiler -- Solution -- Preliminary Design -- Circulation Rate -- Heat Transfer Rate-Stepwise Method -- Heat Transfer Rate-Simplified Method -- Example 21.30 Cyclohexane Column Reboiler -- Solution -- Preliminary Design -- Circulation Rate -- Heat Transfer Rate-Simplified Method -- Kern's Method Stepwise -- Design Considerations. ; Other Design Methods.
• Titolo autorizzato: Petroleum refining design and applications handbook
• ISBN: 1-119-82769-8; 1-119-82768-X
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910830166603321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II