Space physics and aeronomy collection : Ionosphere dynamics and applications / / edited by Chao Huang [and three others]

• Pubblicazione: Hoboken, New Jersey ; ; Washington, District of Columbia : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated : , : American Geophysical Union, , [2021]; ©2021
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (574 pages)
• Disciplina: 538.767
• Soggetto topico: Ionosphere - Research
• Persona (resp. second.): HuangChao
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Part I The Polar Cap and Auroral Ionosphere -- Chapter 1 Magnetospheric Energy Input to the Ionosphere -- 1.1 INTRODUCTION -- 1.2 ENERGY ENTERING THE IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE (IT) SYSTEM -- 1.3 GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS (GCMS) OF MIT COUPLING -- 1.4 MODEL ASSESSMENT -- 1.5 JOULE HEATING -- 1.6 FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- 1.7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 High Latitude Ionospheric Convection -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 THE MAGNETOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE SYSTEM -- 2.3 STEADY-STATE MAGNETOSPHERIC/IONOSPHERIC CONVECTION -- 2.4 TIME-DEPENDENT CONVECTION -- 2.5 FURTHER READING -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 Multiscale Dynamics in the High-Latitude Ionosphere -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 CUSP -- 3.3 POLAR CAP -- 3.4 NIGHTSIDE AURORAL OVAL -- 3.5 CROSS-REGIONAL AND GLOBAL INTERACTION PROCESSES -- 3.6 SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 Recent Advances in Polar Cap Density Structure Research -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION TO POLAR CAP DENSITY STRUCTURES -- 4.2 STATISTICAL OCCURRENCE RATE OF POLAR CAP PATCHES -- 4.3 PLASMA CHARACTERISTICS WITHIN THE POLAR CAP PATCHES -- 4.4 DYNAMIC EVOLUTION OF POLAR CAP PATCHES -- 4.5 ION UPFLOW ASSOCIATED WITH POLAR CAP HIGH-DENSITY STRUCTURES -- 4.6 OPTICAL EMISSION MECHANISMS AND VARIABILITY OF POLAR CAP PATCHES -- 4.7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 Polar Cap O+ Ion Outflow and Its Impact on Magnetospheric Dynamics -- 5.1 POLAR CAP ION OUTFLOW -- 5.2 IMPACTS OF ION OUTFLOW ON MAGNETOSPHERIC DYNAMICS -- 5.3 OUTSTANDING QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- Part II The Subauroral and Midlatitude Ionosphere -- Chapter 6 Ionospheric Storm-Enhanced Density Plumes -- 6.1 REVIEW OF IONOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS OF STORM-ENHANCED DENSITY -- 6.2 SED CHARACTERISTICS. ; 6.3 SED FORMATION PROCESSES -- 6.4 SED PLASMA IN THE CUSP AND MAGNETOSPHERE -- 6.5 SUMMARY AND CURRENT STATUS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 Ion Outflow and Lobe Density: Interhemispheric Asymmetries -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.2 ESTIMATING PLASMA DENSITY FROM SPACECRAFT POTENTIAL -- 7.3 OBSERVATIONS AND DATA SET CHARACTERISTICS -- 7.4 NORTH-SOUTH ASYMMETRIES -- 7.5 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 Mesoscale and Small-Scale Structure of the Subauroral Geospace -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION -- 8.2 TURBULENT PLASMASPHERE BOUNDARY LAYER -- 8.3 IONOSPHERIC STRUCTURES -- 8.4 DISCUSSION -- 8.5 CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Part III The Low-Latitude Ionosphere -- Chapter 9 Equatorial Ionospheric Electrodynamics -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 BASIC PRINCIPLES -- 9.3 QUIET-TIME EQUATORIAL PLASMA DRIFTS -- 9.4 STORM-TIME EQUATORIAL ELECTRIC FIELDS -- 9.5 FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 Theory and Modeling of Equatorial Spread F -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION -- 10.2 THEORY -- 10.3 MODELING -- 10.4 NEW FINDINGS -- 10.5 SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 Observations of Equatorial Spread F: A Working Hypothesis -- 11.1 INTRODUCTION -- 11.2 SOURCES, SEEDING, DRIVERS, AND LOADING -- 11.3 CLIMATOLOGY OF ESF -- 11.4 DAY-TO-DAY VARIABILITY OF ESF -- 11.5 WHAT ABOUT LOW SOLAR ACTIVITY? -- 11.6 DISCUSSION -- 11.7 OUTSTANDING QUESTIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12 The Equatorial Electrojet -- 12.1 HISTORICAL OBSERVATIONS -- 12.2 MAGNETIC SIGNATURES AND CURRENT DENSITY PROFILES -- 12.3 ELECTRODYNAMICS DESCRIPTION AND MODELING OF THE EEJ -- 12.4 CLIMATOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EEJ -- 12.5 TIDAL FEATURES OF THE EEJ -- 12.6 THE COUNTER-ELECTROJET -- 12.7 SUMMARY AND OPEN ISSUES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES. ; Chapter 13 Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Variations During Geomagnetic Storms -- 13.1 INTRODUCTION -- 13.2 MAJOR MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERIC RESPONSE TO THE MAGNETIC STORMS -- 13.3 VARIATIONS OF THE IONOSPHERIC STORM EFFECTS IN THE EQUATORIAL AND LOW LATITUDE REGIONS -- 13.4 CHALLENGES AND UNSOLVED ISSUES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Part IV Global Ionospheric Processes -- Chapter 14 Penetration of the Magnetospheric Electric Fields to the Low Latitude Ionosphere -- 14.1 TECHNIQUES TO OBSERVE THE PENETRATION ELECTRIC FIELD -- 14.2 CONVECTION AND SHIELDING ELECTRIC FIELDS -- 14.3 PENETRATION OF ELECTRIC FIELDS DURING SUBSTORMS -- 14.4 PENETRATION OF ELECTRIC FIELDS DURING GEOMAGNETIC STORMS -- 14.5 TRANSMISSION MECHANISM -- 14.6 SUMMARY AND ISSUES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15 Ionosphere and Thermosphere Coupling at Mid- and Subauroral Latitudes -- 15.1 INTRODUCTION -- 15.2 IONOSPHERIC RESPONSES TO THERMOSPHERIC NEUTRAL WINDS -- 15.3 THERMOSPHERIC VARIATIONS DRIVEN BY IONOSPHERIC DYNAMICS -- 15.4 INFLUENCES FROM BELOW -- 15.5 SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Impacts on the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System: A Review of Recent Progress -- 16.1 INTRODUCTION -- 16.2 SUDDEN STRATOSPHERIC WARMING EVENTS -- 16.3 SSW EFFECTS ON THE THERMOSPHERE -- 16.4 IONOSPHERIC RESPONSE -- 16.5 NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS -- 16.6 OUTSTANDING ISSUES AND CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 17 Ionospheric Dynamics and Their Strong Longitudinal Dependences -- 17.1 INTRODUCTION -- 17.2 MID-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE STRUCTURES -- 17.3 GLOBAL EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURES -- 17.4 LONGITUDINAL DEPENDENCE OF VERTICAL DRIFT -- 17.5 Summary and Future Directions -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES. ; Chapter 18 Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances -- 18.1 INTRODUCTION -- 18.2 ELECTRIFIED MEDIUM-SCALE TRAVELING IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES -- 18.3 MSTIDS INDUCED BY UPWARD-PROPAGATING GRAVITY WAVES -- 18.4 DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Part V Ionospheric Impacts on Applications -- Chapter 19 IONOSPHERIC EFFECTS ON HF RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION -- 19.1 INTRODUCTION -- 19.2 HF PROPAGATION IN THE UNDISTURBED IONOSPHERE -- 19.3 EFFECTS OF IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES ON HF INSTRUMENTS -- 19.4 SPORADIC-E -- 19.5 SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 20 Ionospheric Scintillation Effects on Satellite Navigation -- 20.1 INTRODUCTION -- 20.2 NAVIGATION SYSTEM PERFORMANCE CRITERIA -- 20.3 STAND-ALONE GNSS STANDARD POSITIONING SERVICE -- 20.4 SATELLITE-BASED AUGMENTATION SYSTEMS (SBAS) -- 20.5 GROUND-BASED AUGMENTATION SYSTEMS (GBAS) -- 20.6 FINAL COMMENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 21 Ionospheric Disturbances Related to Earthquakes -- 21.1 INTRODUCTION -- 21.2 GNSS-TEC OBSERVATIONS -- 21.3 COSEISMIC IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES -- 21.4 PRESEISMIC IONOSPHERIC ANOMALIES -- 21.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 22 Atmospheric and Ionospheric Disturbances Caused by Tsunamis -- 22.1 INTRODUCTION -- 22.2 ACOUSTIC-GRAVITY WAVE THEORY -- 22.3 ATMOSPHERIC WAVE GENERATION BY TSUNAMIS -- 22.4 TID AND AIRGLOW DISTURBANCE THEORY -- 22.5 TID AND AIRGLOW DISTURBANCE OBSERVATIONS -- 22.6 GRAVITY WAVE-TID MODELING -- 22.7 OUTSTANDING ISSUES: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- 22.8 SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX -- EULA.
• Sommario/riassunto: "The ionosphere is a layer within the atmosphere that consists of charged particles (i.e., electrons and ions) due to ionization of neutrals by solar radiation and energetic particle precipitation from the magnetosphere. The ionosphere extends from about 60 km above the Earth's surface to about 1,000 km in altitude. Ionospheric dynamics is affected by many different forcings, including solar flares, geomagnetic storms, tides and waves from the lower atmosphere, as well as disturbances triggered by earthquakes and tsunamis. The ionosphere behaves very differently under different solar and geomagnetic conditions, and its variability has direct impacts on radio communication and satellite navigation system. Our knowledge on the ionosphere has been greatly advanced in recent several decades owing to modernized instruments, much improved numerical models, and powerful computing capabilities. On the other hand, many important aspects of ionospheric dynamics are still not well understood, especially during geomagnetic storms, because of the complexity of the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere system. This book provides a comprehensive overview of global ionospheric research ranging from the polar cap to the equatorial region. The book consists of five parts. Part 1 addresses magnetospheric-ionospheric coupling, magnetospheric energy input in the high-latitude ionosphere, ion outflow, and ionospheric convection in the polar cap and auroral zone. Part 2 concerns interhemispheric asymmetries, ionospheric structures such as large-scale storm enhanced density plumes, and meso- and small-scale structures in the subauroral and mid-latitude ionosphere. Part 3 focuses on the low-latitude ionosphere, including equatorial ionospheric electrodynamics, equatorial spread F, equatorial electrojet, and equatorial ionization anomaly. Part 4 covers global ionospheric processes such as penetration electric fields, magnetospheric-ionospheric coupling at middle and subauroral latitudes, sudden stratospheric warming impacts on the ionosphere, longitudinal dependence of ionospheric dynamics, and travelling ionospheric disturbances. Part 5 discusses ionospheric effects on HF wave propagation and satellite navigation, as well as ionospheric disturbances caused by earthquakes and tsunamis"--
• Titolo autorizzato: Space physics and aeronomy collection
• ISBN: 1-119-81554-1; 1-119-81561-4; 1-119-81553-3
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910830011003321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Geophysical Monograph