China's foreign trade : strategies, institutions and legislations / / Changhong Pei and Wanshan Wang

• Autore: Pei Changhong
• Pubblicazione: Gateway East, Singapore : , : Springer, , [2023]; ©2023
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (229 pages)
• Disciplina: 330.9
• Soggetto topico: Economic history; Economic development
• Soggetto geografico: China History
• Persona (resp. second.): WangWanshan
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Series Preface -- Contents -- 1 A Centralized Management System, 1949-1952 -- 1.1 Historical Background -- 1.2 The State of Foreign Trade -- 1.2.1 Overview -- 1.2.2 Major Trading Partners -- 1.2.3 The Structure and Modes of Foreign Trade -- 1.3 Establishment of a Centrally Managed Foreign Trade System -- 1.3.1 Establishment of the Foreign Trade Management Authority of the People's Republic of China -- 1.3.2 Establishment of the "Centralized Management System" of Foreign Trade -- 1.4 Foreign Trade Companies Under the Centralized Management System -- 1.4.1 Import and Export Trade by State-Owned Economic Entities -- 1.4.2 Foreign Trade by Cooperatives -- 1.4.3 Private Import and Export Traders -- 1.4.4 Joint Ventures of Import and Export Trade Associations -- 1.5 Policy of the State Control of Foreign Trade -- 1.6 Evaluation of the Foreign Trade System and Practices -- 2 From Centralized Control to Central Planning, 1953-1966 -- 2.1 Historical Background -- 2.1.1 The First Five-Year Plan, Tepid Growth from 1953 to 1957 -- 2.1.2 The Second Five-Year Plan, Setbacks from 1958 to 1961 -- 2.1.3 Adjustments from 1962 to 1966 -- 2.2 The State of Foreign Trade -- 2.2.1 Overview -- 2.2.2 Major Trading Partners -- 2.2.3 The Structure and Modes of Trade -- 2.3 Foreign Trade Management System -- 2.3.1 Construction of Foreign Trade Operation and Management Organizations -- 2.3.2 Institutional Construction of Foreign Trade -- 2.3.3 Building a Management System for Foreign Trade -- 2.4 Foreign Trade Policies -- 2.5 Evaluation of the System and Practices of Foreign Trade -- 2.5.1 Transformation of the System of Foreign Trade from "Unified" to "Planned" -- 2.5.2 Progress in Foreign Trade -- 2.5.3 Practical Lessons: Priority to Economic Interests in Foreign Trade, Instead of "Leaning to One Side" -- 3 A Growing Number of Trading Partners, 1966-1976. ; 3.1 Historical Background -- 3.1.1 The State of the National Economy -- 3.1.2 Diplomatic Strategies and International Relations: From Isolation to Openness -- 3.2 The State of Foreign Trade -- 3.2.1 Overview -- 3.2.2 Major Trading Partners -- 3.2.3 The Commodity Structure and Modes of Foreign Trade -- 3.3 The System of Foreign Trade -- 3.3.1 Changes in the System of Foreign Trade -- 3.3.2 Functions of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Trade Companies -- 3.4 Foreign Trade Policies -- 3.4.1 The "Four-Three Scheme" -- 3.4.2 New Initiatives in Overseas Economic and Trade Relations -- 3.5 Evaluation of the System and Practices of Foreign Trade -- 3.5.1 Progress in the Development of Foreign Trade -- 3.5.2 Experience and Lessons of the System and Policies of Foreign Trade -- 4 Loosening Control and Diversifying Trade Models, 1976-1978 -- 4.1 Historical Background -- 4.2 The State of Foreign Trade -- 4.2.1 Overview -- 4.2.2 Major Trading Partners -- 4.2.3 The Structure and Modes of Foreign Trade -- 4.2.4 Trading Modes -- 4.3 The Institutional Framework and Organizational Configuration of Foreign Trade -- 4.4 Foreign Trade Policies -- 4.4.1 The Continuation of Basic Guideline and Policies After the Founding of the New Republic -- 4.4.2 Policy Instruments for Speeding up the Growth of Foreign Trade -- 4.5 Evaluation of the System and Practices of Foreign Trade -- 4.5.1 Progress -- 4.5.2 Experience and Lessons from the System and Policies of Foreign Trade -- 5 Initial Steps in Institutional Reform, 1979-1984 -- 5.1 Historical Background -- 5.2 The State of Foreign Trade -- 5.2.1 Overview -- 5.2.2 Major Trading Partners -- 5.2.3 The Structure and Modes of Trade -- 5.3 Initial Reform of the System of Foreign Trade -- 5.3.1 Adjustments of Foreign Trade Administrations -- 5.3.2 Breaking up of Monopolization, Decentralization of Foreign Trade Operational Rights. ; 5.3.3 Piloting of Industrial and Trade Integration -- 5.3.4 The System of Import and Export Agencies -- 5.3.5 Strengthening the Administrative Management of Foreign Trade -- 5.3.6 Reform of the Planning System of Foreign Trade -- 5.3.7 Reform of the Foreign Trade Financial System -- 5.4 Formation of Export-Oriented Trade Policies -- 5.4.1 Foreign Currency Retention -- 5.4.2 Differential Operations -- 5.4.3 Policies on Tariff -- 5.5 Evaluation of the System and Practices of Foreign Trade -- 5.5.1 Historic High in Total Value of Imports and Exports, and New Progress in Trade Relations -- 5.5.2 Greater Variety and Changing Composition of Exported Goods -- 5.5.3 Diversified Utilization of Foreign Capitals, a Rapidly Increasing Scale -- 5.5.4 Rapid Development of the Processing Trade -- 5.5.5 Planned and Selective Introduction of Advanced Technologies -- 6 The Foreign Trade Contract Responsibility System, 1984-1989 -- 6.1 Historical Background -- 6.2 The State of Foreign Trade -- 6.2.1 Overview -- 6.2.2 Major Trading Partners -- 6.2.3 The Structure and Modes of Trade -- 6.3 Reform of the Foreign Trade System -- 6.4 Foreign Trade Policies -- 6.4.1 Trade Policies of the Special Economic Zones -- 6.4.2 Chambers of Commerce for Imports and Exports -- 6.5 Evaluation of the System and Practices of Foreign Trade -- 6.5.1 Evaluation of the Development of Trade -- 6.5.2 The Evaluation of the Reform of the System of Foreign Trade -- 7 Toward a Market-Driven Foreign Trade System, 1989-1992 -- 7.1 Historical Background -- 7.2 The State of Foreign Trade -- 7.2.1 Overview -- 7.2.2 Major Trading Partners -- 7.2.3 Foreign Trade Structure and Modes -- 7.3 The System of Foreign Trade -- 7.3.1 The Reform of the System of Contract Management Responsibility for Foreign Trade -- 7.3.2 Reform of the Operational Mechanism of Foreign Trade Companies -- 7.4 Foreign Trade Policies. ; 7.5 The Evaluation of the System and Practices of Foreign Trade -- 7.5.1 Evaluation of the Progress Made in the Development of Foreign Trade -- 7.5.2 Evaluation of the Reform of the System of Foreign Trade -- 8 Accelerated Market Reform and Final Push Toward WTO Membership, 1992-2001 -- 8.1 Historical Background -- 8.2 The State of Foreign Trade -- 8.2.1 Overview -- 8.2.2 Major Trading Partners -- 8.2.3 The Structure and Trading Modes -- 8.3 The System of Foreign Trade -- 8.3.1 The Establishment of the Socialist Market Economy and the Marketization Reform of the System of Foreign Trade -- 8.3.2 Foreign Trade Legislations -- 8.3.3 Changes in the Structure of Foreign Trade Organizations -- 8.4 Foreign Trade Policies -- 8.5 The Evaluation of the System and Practices of Foreign Trade -- 8.5.1 Progress in Foreign Trade -- 8.5.2 Experience and Lessons on the System and Policies of Foreign Trade -- 9 Trade Under the WTO, 2001-2008 -- 9.1 Historical Background -- 9.2 The State of Foreign Trade -- 9.2.1 Overview -- 9.2.2 Major Trading Partners -- 9.2.3 The Structure of Foreign Trade and Trading Modes -- 9.3 Trading Modes -- 9.4 The System of Foreign Trade -- 9.4.1 Foreign Trade Law of 2004 -- 9.4.2 Establishment and Reform of the Ministry of Commerce -- 9.5 Foreign Trade Policies -- 9.5.1 Factors Affecting Trade Policies -- 9.5.2 The Reform of the Foreign Trade Policy Related to WTO Accession Commitments -- 9.5.3 Policies Regarding Export Tax Rebates -- 9.6 Evaluation of the System and Practices of Foreign Trade -- 9.6.1 Progress in Foreign Trade -- 9.6.2 Problems in the System and Policies of Foreign Trade -- 10 Increasing Frictions and Adaptation, 2009-2019 -- 10.1 Historical Background -- 10.2 The State of Foreign Trade -- 10.2.1 Overview -- 10.2.2 Major Trading Partners -- 10.2.3 The Structure and Mode of Trade -- 10.3 The System of Foreign Trade. ; 10.3.1 Fulfillment of the WTO Accession Commitments -- 10.3.2 Maintaining and Promotion of the System of Free Trade -- 10.4 Foreign Trade Policies -- 10.4.1 Embracing Bilateral Free Trade Agreements -- 10.4.2 The Reform of Foreign Trade Facilitation -- 10.4.3 Pilot Free Trade Zones and the Construction of Free Trade Ports -- 10.4.4 Foreign Trade Policies Under the Framework of "the Belt and Road" Cooperation -- 10.4.5 US-China Trade Dispute and the Direction of China's Foreign Trade Policy Reform -- 10.5 Evaluation of the System and Practices of Foreign Trade -- 10.5.1 New Progress in Foreign Trade -- 10.5.2 Experience and Lessons on the System and Practices of Foreign Trade -- References.
• Titolo autorizzato: China's Foreign Trade
• ISBN: 9789811957031; 981-19-5703-7
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910620200503321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China's Development Path Ser.