Recent Trends and Developments in Algal Biofuels and Biorefinery

• Autore: Bharadvaja Navneeta
• Pubblicazione: Cham : , : Springer International Publishing AG, , 2024; ©2024
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (456 pages)
• Disciplina: 662.88
• Altri autori: KumarLakhan PanditSoumya BanerjeeSrijoni AnandRaksha
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Contents -- 1 Biorefinery for Microalgal Biomass at an Industrial Production Scale -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Microalgal Chemical Components -- 1.1.2 Cultivation of Microalgae -- 1.2 Microalgae-Derived Products and Their Applications -- 1.2.1 Lipids as Feedstock for Producing Biodiesel -- 1.2.2 Protein-Utilization in Feed and Food Industry -- 1.2.3 Pigments-For Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Industry -- 1.2.4 Carbohydrates-For Producing Bioethanol -- 1.2.5 Additional Biofuels Derived from Microalgae -- 1.2.6 Other Microalgal Applications -- 1.3 Microalgal Extracellular Metabolites -- 1.3.1 Allelopathic Chemicals -- 1.3.2 Exopolysaccharides -- 1.3.3 Extracellular Phytohormones -- 1.3.4 Extracellular Proteins -- 1.3.5 Organic Acids -- 1.4 Microalgal Biorefinery -- 1.5 Future Prospective -- 1.6 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Algal Biorefinery to Produce High-Value Carotenoids and Bioenergy -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Food vs Feed Debate -- 2.2.1 Generations of Biofuels: A Potential Threat for Food Security -- 2.2.2 Potential Ways to Address the Food Security Concern -- 2.3 Challenges in Commercialization of Algal Biofuel -- 2.4 Natural vs Synthetic Carotenoids -- 2.5 Astaxanthin -- 2.5.1 Astaxanthin Production -- 2.5.2 Astaxanthin Extraction -- 2.5.3 Astaxanthin Based Bioenergy Producing Algal Biorefinery -- 2.6 Lutein -- 2.6.1 Lutein Production -- 2.6.2 Lutein Extraction -- 2.6.3 Lutein Based Bioenergy Producing Algal Biorefinery -- 2.7 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Low-Cost Microalgae Cultivation Methods -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Cultivation Methods -- 3.3 The Importance of Pretreatments to Reduce Costs of Subsequent Processes -- 3.4 Bioproducts Obtained from Microalgal Biomass -- 3.4.1 Biofuels -- 3.4.2 Pharmaceutical Products -- 3.4.3 Bioplastics -- 3.4.4 Bioherbicides and Biofertilizers. ; 3.5 Use of Microalgae for Environmental Purposes -- 3.6 Conclusion -- References -- 4 A Continuous System of Biofuel Production from Microalgal Biomass -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Cultivation System of Microalgal Biomass -- 4.2.1 Open Pond Cultivation System -- 4.2.2 Closed Cultivation System -- 4.2.3 Microalgae Cultivation Using Photobioreactor in Batch, Semi-continuous and Continuous Mode -- 4.3 Harvesting of Microalgal Biomass for Continuous Biofuel Production -- 4.3.1 Centrifugation -- 4.3.2 Filtration -- 4.3.3 Sedimentation -- 4.3.4 Flocculation -- 4.3.5 Flotation -- 4.4 Technique Required for Conversion of Microalgal Biomass into Biofuel -- 4.4.1 Physico-chemical Conversion -- 4.4.2 Biochemical Conversion -- 4.4.3 Thermochemical Conversion -- 4.5 Application -- 4.5.1 Microalgae Used as Human Food -- 4.5.2 Uses in Cosmetics -- 4.5.3 Uses in Biofertilizer -- 4.5.4 Uses in Pharmaceuticals -- 4.5.5 Uses in Aquaculture/Animal Feed -- 4.6 Future Prospect -- 4.7 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Development of Cost-Effective High Yielding Cell Disruption Techniques for Microalgae -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Types of Microalgal Cell Disruption -- 5.2.1 Mechanical Procedure -- 5.2.2 Non Mechanical Procedure -- 5.3 Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- References -- 6 Lipid Extraction Methods from Wet Microalgal Biomass -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Algae as a Source of Energy -- 6.3 Pre-Treatment of Algae -- 6.4 Lipid Extraction Techniques -- 6.4.1 Mechanical Approach -- 6.4.2 Solvent-Based Approach -- 6.4.3 Solvent-Free Approach -- 6.5 Conclusion -- 6.6 Future Directions -- References -- 7 Simultaneous Extraction, Separation and Characterization of Biomolecules from Microalgal Biomass -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Extraction of Biomolecules from Microalgal Biomass -- 7.2.1 Organic Solvent Extraction -- 7.2.2 Alternative Solvent Extraction. ; 7.2.3 Supercritical Fluids Extraction -- 7.2.4 Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) -- 7.2.5 Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction -- 7.2.6 Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) -- 7.2.7 Enzyme-Assisted Extraction -- 7.2.8 Electrical Pre-Treatment Extraction -- 7.3 Separation of Biomolecules from Microalgal Biomass -- 7.3.1 Electrophoresis -- 7.3.2 Membrane Separation Technique -- 7.3.3 Ultracentrifugation -- 7.3.4 Aqueous Two-Phase Method -- 7.3.5 Phase Partitioning -- 7.3.6 Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation -- 7.4 Characterization of Biomolecules from Microalgal Biomass -- 7.4.1 Supercritical Fluid Chromatography -- 7.4.2 Column Chromatography -- 7.4.3 Permeation Chromatography -- 7.4.4 Ion-Exchange Chromatography -- 7.4.5 Affinity Chromatography -- 7.4.6 Thin-Layer Chromatography -- 7.4.7 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography -- 7.4.8 Counter Current Chromatography -- 7.4.9 Gas Chromatography -- 7.5 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Lipid Extraction Methods from Wet Microalgal Biomass -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Lipid and Algal Biomass as a Source of Bioenergy -- 8.3 Total Lipid Extraction Methods -- 8.3.1 Folch Method -- 8.3.2 Bligh and Dyer Method -- 8.3.3 Extraction of All Classes of Lipids -- 8.3.4 Superior Solvent Extraction Methods -- 8.3.5 In Situ Lipid Hydrolysis and Supercritical in Situ Transesterification -- 8.4 Algal Oil Extraction-A Mechanical Approach -- 8.4.1 Bead Beating -- 8.4.2 Expeller Press -- 8.4.3 Microwave -- 8.4.4 Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction -- 8.4.5 Algal Oil Extraction Using Electroporation -- 8.5 A Novel Initiative by an Industry to Extract Algal Lipids -- 8.5.1 Osmotic Pressure Method -- 8.5.2 Solvent-Free Extraction Methods for Algal Biomass -- 8.5.3 Enzyme-Assisted Extraction -- 8.5.4 Isotonic Extraction Method -- 8.6 Prospects and Conclusion -- References. ; 9 Simultaneous Extraction, Separation, and Characterization of Biomolecules from Microalgal Biomass -- 9.1 Background -- 9.2 Cell Disruption Methods -- 9.2.1 Mechanical and Physical Methods -- 9.2.2 Non-Mechanical Methods -- 9.3 Techniques for Destroying Microalgal Cells and Collecting Their Components -- 9.3.1 Organic Solvent Extraction of Biomolecules -- 9.3.2 Alternative Solvents Extraction -- 9.3.3 Supercritical Fluid Extraction -- 9.4 Methods of Analysis of Biomolecules from Microalgae -- 9.4.1 Supercritical Fluid Chromatography -- 9.4.2 Column Chromatography -- 9.4.3 Gel Filtration Chromatography -- 9.4.4 Ion-Exchange Chromatography -- 9.4.5 Affinity Chromatography -- 9.4.6 Thin-Layer Chromatography -- 9.4.7 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography -- 9.4.8 Counter Current Chromatography -- 9.4.9 Gas Chromatography -- 9.5 Separation and Purification Approaches -- 9.5.1 Electrophoresis -- 9.5.2 Membrane Separation Processes -- 9.5.3 Ultrafiltration -- 9.5.4 Electro-Membrane Filtration -- 9.5.5 Aqueous Two-Phase Systems -- 9.5.6 Three Phase Partitioning -- 9.5.7 Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation -- 9.6 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Economic Environment Friendly and Low-Cost Lipid Extraction Methods From Microalgae -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Microalgae as Source of Biofuel -- 10.3 Biochemical Composition of Microalgal Biomass -- 10.4 Types of Biofuels -- 10.5 Biodiesel from Microalgae -- References -- 11 Cost-Effective Downstream Processing of Algal Biomass for Industrial-Scale Biofuels Production -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.1.1 Microalgae: Answer for Ever Looming Environmental Crisis -- 11.2 Microalgal Bioprocessing: Upstream to Downstream Processing -- 11.2.1 Upstream Processing -- 11.2.2 Downstream Processing -- 11.2.3 Limitations of Conventional DSP Units -- 11.3 Recent Advancements in Microalgal DSP in Biometabolite Production. ; 11.3.1 Advances in Extraction Techniques -- 11.3.2 Developments in Downstream Purification Processes -- 11.3.3 Continuous Downstream Processing -- 11.4 Cost-Effective Downstream Processing of Algal Biomass: A Biorefinery Paradigm -- 11.5 Conclusion and Future Insights -- References -- 12 Pre-treatment Methods for Effective Resource Recovery from Microalgal Biomass -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Why Pre-Treatment is Important? -- 12.3 Pre-Treatments -- 12.3.1 Mechanical Pre-Treatment Method -- 12.3.2 Thermal Pre-Treatment Method -- 12.3.3 Physical Pre-Treatment Method -- 12.3.4 Chemical Pre-Treatment Method -- 12.3.5 Combined Pre-Treatment Method -- 12.3.6 Other Pre-Treatment Methods -- 12.4 Challenges -- 12.5 Conclusion -- References -- 13 Emerging Techniques for Extraction and Applications of Biomolecules from Microalgae -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Microalgae Cultivation System -- 13.2.1 Photoautotrophic Cultivation Mode -- 13.2.2 Heterotrophic Cultivation Mode -- 13.2.3 Mixotrophic Cultivation Mode -- 13.2.4 Photoheterotrophic Cultivation Mode -- 13.3 Valorisation of Algal Biomass for Production of High Value Compounds -- 13.3.1 Proteins -- 13.3.2 Polysaccharides -- 13.3.3 Bio-Oil -- 13.3.4 Vitamins -- 13.3.5 Pigments -- 13.3.6 Biosurfactants -- 13.4 Extraction Processes for Biomolecules from Microalgae -- 13.4.1 Physical Processes -- 13.4.2 Chemical Methods -- 13.4.3 Biological Processes -- 13.5 Purification Techniques for Biomolecules from Microalgae -- 13.6 Characterization Techniques for Biomolecules from Microalgae -- 13.7 Challenges and Future Prospect -- 13.8 Conclusion -- References -- 14 Impact of Algal Biomass for Pharmaceutical Application -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Bioactive Compounds that Make Algal Biomass Beneficial for Pharmaceutical Industry. ; 14.3 Pharmaceutically Applicable Bioactive Macromolecules Extracted from Microalgal Biomass.
• Titolo autorizzato: Recent Trends and Developments in Algal Biofuels and Biorefinery
• ISBN: 9783031523199; 9783031523182
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910872196703321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Environmental Science and Engineering Series