Managing water resources in the West under conditions of climate uncertainty : proceedings of a colloquium, November 14-16, 1990, Scottsdale, Arizona / / Committee on Climate Uncertainty and Water Resources Management, Water Science and Technology Board, Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources

• Pubblicazione: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1991
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (358 p.)
• Disciplina: 333.91
• Soggetto topico: Water-supply - West (U.S.); Climatic changes - West (U.S.)
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: MANAGING WATER RESOURCES IN THE WEST UNDER CONDITIONS CLIMATE UNCERTAINTY -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Overview -- SHARING WATER RESOURCES -- THE SCIENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIABILITY -- Implications of Climate Variability for Management -- MANAGEMENT RESPONSES TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY -- PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT IN WATER RESOURCE DECISIONMAKING -- MANAGING WESTERN WATER UNDER PRESENT VARIABILITY AND FOR AN UNCERTAIN FUTURE -- Research, Development, and Institutional Issues -- Opportunities for the Bureau of Reclamation -- REFERENCES -- 2 Sharing Water Resources with Future Generations -- RELATING THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PRESENT GENERATION TO OTHER GENERATIONS AND TO THE NATURAL SYSTEM -- PRINCIPLES OF INTERGENERATIONAL EQUITY -- AN INTERGENERATIONAL APPROACH TO WATER RESOURCE PROBLEMS -- Water Resource Problems with Intergenerational Impacts -- Applying Intergenerational Principles to Water Resource Problems -- INTERGENERATIONAL RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS -- STRATEGIES FOR INCORPORATING INTERGENERATIONAL INTERESTS INTO DECISIONS AFFECTING WATER RESOURCES -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 3 The Science of Climate Change and Climate Variability -- 4 Primer on Climate Change -- INTRODUCTION -- THE BASIS FOR CONCERN ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE -- THE CLIMATE SYSTEM AND THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT -- HOW MUCH WILL OUR HOUSE WARM UP? -- CONSTRAINING POSSIBLE FUTURES THROUGH MODELS -- PRESENT GUIDANCE FROM CLIMATE MODELS AND OTHER ARGUMENTS CONCERNING WESTERN WATER -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 5 Climate Change and Climate Variability: The Climate Record -- INTRODUCTION -- THE POTENTIAL FOR GLOBAL WARMING -- THE 1988 DROUGHT -- WEATHER VERSUS CLIMATE -- CLIMATE OBSERVATIONS -- Surface Temperatures -- Precipitation -- MAJOR FINDINGS FROM THE OBSERVATIONAL RECORD -- COMPARISON WITH MODEL RESULTS FOR GREENHOUSE GAS INCREASES. ; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 6 Climate Change and Climate Variability: The Paleo Record -- INTRODUCTION -- WHAT HAS BEEN FOUND SO FAR FROM THE STUDY OF PAST CLIMATE? -- Ocean Sediments -- Milankovitch's Four Frequencies -- Polar Ice -- The Western Climate -- Rapid Climate Shifts -- TREE RINGS AS HYDROLOGIC INDICATORS -- Spatial Patterns of Drought From Tree-Ring Networks -- Basin-Specific Streamflow Reconstructions -- Uncertainties in Regional Water Supplies -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 7 Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide Levels and Climate Change on Plant Growth, Evapotranspiration, and Water Resources -- BACKGROUND: PLANT RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS -- DIRECT EFFECTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS, TRANSPIRATION, AND GROWTH OF PLANTS -- Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide -- Plant Photosynthetic Mechanisms -- Plant Growth Responses to Carbon Dioxide -- Transpiration Responses to Carbon Dioxide -- Streamflow Responses to Carbon Dioxide -- Plant Water-Use Efficiency -- CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS, GROWTH, AND TRANSPIRATION -- INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND CLIMATE CHANGE -- Photosynthetic and Productivity Interactions -- Evapotranspiration -- ESTIMATING YIELD AND WATER REQUIREMENTS OF CROPS UNDER TWO CURRENT CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS -- General Circulation Models -- Modeling Crop Responses to Carbon Dioxide and Climate Changes -- IMPLICATIONS OF CHANGING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND PRECIPITATION FOR WATER RESOURCES -- Adaptations and Evapotranspiration Requirements -- Water Availability -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 8 Hydrologic Implications of Climate Uncertainty in the Western United States -- REFERENCES -- 9 The Implications of Climatic Change for Streamflow and Water Supply in the Colorado Basin -- INTRODUCTION -- RESULTS -- Hydrologic (NWSRFS) Model -- CRSS Model Results. ; DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 10 Climate Uncertainty: Implications for Operations of Water Control Systems -- INTRODUCTION -- THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN -- WATER AVAILABILITY ESTIMATES -- CURRENT COLORADO RIVER MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES -- OPERATION DURING HIGH STREAMFLOWS: THE COLORADO RIVER SPRING FLOODS OF 1983 -- The Full River System -- Physical Encroachment into the Flood Plain -- Climate Variability -- Conclusions for River Basin Management Under High Flow Conditions -- SEVERE AND SUSTAINED DROUGHT IN THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN -- The Analytical Model -- Nature of the Deficit -- Time Interval and Threshold Level of the Data -- Drought Parameters for the Colorado River -- Index-Sequential Hydrologic Sequences -- Demand Assumptions -- Comparison of Severe, Sustained Drought Simulations -- Lake Powell -- Lake Mead -- Upper Basin Shortages -- Lower Basin Shortages -- Conclusions of Drought Analysis -- Conclusions and Implications for Climate Change -- REFERENCES -- 11 Economic Consequences of Climate Variability on Water in the West -- CHANGES IN VULNERABILITY TO HYDROLOGIC VARIABILITY -- Factors Tending to Reduce Vulnerability -- Factors Tending to Increase Vulnerability -- Uncertainties of Climate Change -- ECONOMIC SENSITIVITY -- Nature of the Economy -- Slack in the System -- Improved Management -- Demand Management -- Water Marketing -- IMPLICATIONS OF A HOTTER AND DRIER CLIMATE: A CASE STUDY OF THE MISSOURI RIVER BASIN -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 12 Western Water Law, Global Climate Change, and Risk Allocation -- INTRODUCTION: WHAT THE DOOMSAYERS SAY -- GLOBAL WARMING RESPONSE STRATEGIES: WHAT SHOULD WE BE DOING? -- PRIOR APPROPRIATION: IS IT A RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM? -- BUREAU OF RECLAMATION RESOURCES -- Transfers -- Reservoir Operation -- New Interests -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 13 Water Resources Forecasting. ; SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR WATER RESOURCES FORECASTING -- Hydrologic Forecast Models -- Extended Streamflow Prediction -- WATER RESOURCES FORECASTING SERVICES -- Existing Services -- Nws Modernization -- Example Applications of Warfs Technology -- SCIENTIFIC OPPORTUNITIES -- Models and Parameter Estimation -- Gewex Continental-Scale International Project -- Long-Range Weather Forecasting Improvements -- Orographic Precipitation Analysis and Precipitation Forecasting -- Data Base Improvements -- Improvements in ESP -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- 14 Some Aspects of Hydrologic Variability -- REFERENCES -- 15 Management Responses to Climatic Variability -- 16 Improvements in Agricultural Water Management -- THE PRESSURES ON AGRICULTURE -- THE CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE -- THE NEED FOR NEW KNOWLEDGE -- AGRICULTURAL STRATEGIES FOR COPING WITH ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE -- Dryland Agriculture -- Irrigated Agriculture -- Mixed Range Land and Crop Land -- THE NEED FOR CHANGES IN AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTIONS -- CONCLUSIONS -- 17 Creative Water Management -- WHAT IS WATER MANAGEMENT? -- OBJECTIVES OF WATER MANAGEMENT -- DIFFICULTIES IN CONTROLLING WATER -- MANAGEMENT MEASURES -- 18 Weather Modification as a Response to Variations in Weather and Climate -- THE SEEDING OF WINTER OROGRAPHIC CLOUDS -- FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ACCEPTANCE OF CLOUD SEEDING -- STATISTICAL EVALUATIONS -- THE INFLUENCE OF PRECIPITATION VARIABILITY -- THE SEARCH FOR LARGE-SCALE EFFECTS -- RESEARCH ON WINTER OROGRAPHIC CLOUDS -- THE AVAILABILITY OF SEEDABLE CLOUDS IN DRY PERIODS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 19 Managing Water Supply Variability: The Salt River Project -- BACKGROUND -- Dams -- Ground Water -- SUPPLY VARIABILITY -- RESPONSES TO SUPPLY VARIABILITY -- SEARCHING FOR BACKUP SUPPLIES -- CONCLUSIONS. ; 20 Public Involvement in Water Resources Decisionmaking in a Climate of Uncertainty -- REFERENCE -- 21 The First Rough Draft of History: How the Press Reports on Global Warming -- 22 Water Use Efficiency as a Response to Climate Uncertainty -- 23 Climate Change, The Media, and Public Awareness -- REFERENCES -- Appendix A Biographical Sketches of Steering Committee Members -- Appendix B Biographical Sketches of Principal Contributors.
• Titolo autorizzato: Managing water resources in the West under conditions of climate uncertainty
• ISBN: 1-280-20323-4; 9786610203239; 0-309-58418-3; 0-585-14296-3
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910826075803321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II