How to read a paper : the basics of evidence based medicine / / Trisha Greenhalgh

• Autore: Greenhalgh Trisha
• Pubblicazione: London, : BMJ, 2000
• Edizione: 2nd ed.
• Descrizione fisica: xviii, 222 p
• Disciplina: 616
• Soggetto topico: Evidence-based medicine; Medical literature - Evaluation
• Note generali: Previous ed.: 1997.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Contents -- Foreword to the first edition -- Preface -- Preface to the first edition: Do you need to read this book? -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1: Why read papers at all? -- 1.1 Does "evidence based medicine" simply mean "reading medical papers"? -- 1.2 Why do people often groan when you mention evidence based medicine? -- 1.3 Before you start: formulate the problem -- Chapter 2: Searching the literature -- 2.1 Reading medical articles -- 2.2 The Medline database -- 2.3 Problem 1:You are trying to find a particular paper which you know exists -- 2.4 Problem 2:You want to answer a very specific clinical question -- 2.5 Problem 3:You want to get general information quickly about a well defined topic -- 2.6 Problem 4:Your search gives you lots of irrelevant articles -- 2.7 Problem 5:Your search gives you no articles at all or not as many as you expected -- 2.8 Problem 6:You don't know where to start searching -- 2.9 Problem 7:Your attempt to limit a set leads to loss of important articles but does not exclude those of low methodological quality -- 2.10 Problem 8: Medline hasn't helped, despite a thorough search -- 2.11 The Cochrane Library -- Chapter 3: Getting your bearings (what is this paper about?) -- 3.1 The science of "trashing" papers -- 3.2 Three preliminary questions to get your bearings -- 3.3 Randomised controlled trials -- 3.4 Cohort studies -- 3.5 Case-control studies -- 3.6 Cross-sectional surveys -- 3.7 Case reports -- 3.8 The traditional hierarchy of evidence -- 3.9 A note on ethical considerations -- Chapter 4: Assessing methodological quality -- 4.1 Was the study original? -- 4.2 Who is the study about? -- 4.3 Was the design of the study sensible? -- 4.4 Was systematic bias avoided or minimised? -- 4.5 Was assessment "blind"? -- 4.6 Were preliminary statistical questions addressed? -- 4.7 Summing up. ; Chapter 5: Statistics for the non-statistician -- 5.1 How can non-statisticians evaluate statistical tests? -- 5.2 Have the authors set the scene correctly? -- 5.3 Paired data, tails, and outliers -- 5.4 Correlation, regression, and causation -- 5.5 Probability and confidence -- 5.6 The bottom line (quantifying the risk of benefit and harm) -- 5.7 Summary -- Chapter 6: Papers that report drug trials -- 6.1 "Evidence" and marketing -- 6.2 Making decisions about therapy -- 6.3 Surrogate endpoints -- 6.4 How to get evidence out of a drug rep -- Chapter 7: Papers that report diagnostic or screening tests -- 7.1 Ten men in the dock -- 7.2 Validating diagnostic tests against a gold standard -- 7.3 Ten questions to ask about a paper which claims to validate a diagnostic or screening test -- 7.4 A note on likelihood ratios -- Chapter 8: Papers that summarise other papers (systematic reviews and meta-analyses) -- 8.1 When is a review systematic? -- 8.2 Evaluating systematic reviews -- 8.3 Metaanalysis for the non-statistician -- 8.4 Explaining heterogeneity -- Chapter 9: Papers that tell you what to do (guidelines) -- 9.1 The great guidelines debate -- 9.2 Do guidelines change clinicians' behaviour? -- 9.3 Questions to ask about a set of guidelines -- Chapter 10: Papers that tell you what things cost (economic analyses) -- 10.1 What is economic analysis? -- 10.2 Measuring the costs and benefits of health interventions -- 10.3 Ten questions to ask about an economic analysis -- 10.4 Conclusion -- Chapter 11: Papers that go beyond numbers (qualitative research) -- 11.1 What is qualitative research? -- 11.2 Evaluating papers that describe qualitative research -- 11.3 Conclusion -- Chapter 12: Implementing evidence based findings -- 12.1 Surfactants versus steroids: a case study in adopting evidence based practice. ; 12.2 Changing health professionals' behaviour: evidence from studies on individuals -- 12.3 Managing change for effective clinical practice: evidence from studies on organisational change -- 12.4 The evidence based organisation: a question of culture -- 12.5 Theories of change -- 12.6 Priorities for further research on the implementation process -- Appendix 1: Checklists for finding, appraising, and implementing evidence -- Appendix 2: Evidence based quality filters for everyday use -- Appendix 3: Maximally sensitive search strings (to be used mainly for research) -- Appendix 4: Assessing the effects of an intervention -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: In this work, Trisha Greenhalgh provides the basics of evidence based medicine: how to find a medical research paper, assess it for its scientific validity, and where relevant, put the findings into practice.
• Titolo autorizzato: How to read a paper
• ISBN: 9781444307535; 1444307533
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910813842503321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II