Sandalwood, silviculture, conservation and applications / / Thammineni Pullaiah [and five others]

• Autore: Pullaiah T.
• Pubblicazione: Gateway East, Singapore : , : Springer, , [2021]; ©2021
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (292 pages)
• Disciplina: 583.85
• Soggetto topico: Sandalwood; Plant physiology; Forests and forestry; Sàndal; Silvicultura; Fisiologia vegetal
• Soggetto genere / forma: Llibres electrònics
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1: Sandalwood: The Green Gold -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Botanical Description -- 1.2.1 Taxonomic Position -- 1.2.2 Distribution and Morphological Description -- 1.2.3 Habitat and Growth -- 1.3 Uses -- 1.4 Conservation Status, Threats, and Challenges -- 1.5 Conclusion -- References -- 2: History of Sandalwood -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Religious Ceremonies -- 2.2.1 Hinduism -- 2.2.2 Jainism -- 2.2.3 Buddhism -- 2.2.4 Islam -- 2.2.5 Chinese and Japanese Religions -- 2.2.6 Zoroastrianism -- 2.3 History of Sandalwood in India -- 2.4 History of Sandalwood in Australia -- 2.5 History of Sandalwood in Hawaii -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- 3: Botany of Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Taxonomy and Distribution -- 3.3 Botany -- 3.3.1 Santalum L. -- 3.4 Anatomical Features -- 3.4.1 Microscopic Characters of Leaf -- 3.4.2 Macroscopic Characters -- 3.4.3 Microscopic Characters of Heartwood -- 3.4.4 Microscopy of Heartwood Powder -- 3.5 Cytogenetics -- 3.6 Phenology, Reproductive Biology, and Breeding System -- 3.6.1 Phenology -- 3.6.2 Floral Morphology -- 3.6.3 Fruit Morphology -- 3.6.4 Reproductive Biology and Breeding System -- 3.6.4.1 Floral Visitors -- 3.6.5 Variations in Fruit Morphology and Seed Setting -- 3.6.6 Reproductive Rate in Climate Change -- 3.7 Conclusions and Future Prospects -- References -- 4: Sandalwood Wood Carving -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Wood Carving -- 4.3 Success Story: Masterful Carvers of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India -- 4.3.1 The Carvings -- 4.3.2 Precious Sandalwood -- 4.3.3 Mahesh -- 4.3.4 Mohit -- 4.3.5 Rohit -- 4.3.6 The Future -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- 5: Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Santalum album L. -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Traditional Uses of Sandalwood -- 5.2.1 Ayurvedic Perspective -- 5.2.2 Unani Perspective. ; 5.3 Phytochemistry -- 5.4 Pharmacology of Sandalwood -- 5.4.1 Anti-Microbial Activities -- 5.4.1.1 Antiviral Activity -- 5.4.1.2 Antibacterial Activity -- 5.4.1.3 Antifungal Activity -- 5.4.2 Anti-Oxidant Efficacy -- 5.4.3 Anti-Inflammatory Activity -- 5.4.4 Hepatoprotective Activity -- 5.4.5 Anticancer Activity -- 5.4.6 Anti-Hyperglycaemic and Anti-Hyperlipidaemia Effect -- 5.4.7 Effects on Central Nervous System -- 5.4.8 Other Uses of Sandalwood -- 5.5 Adulteration and Authentication of Sandalwood -- 5.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects -- References -- 6: Wood Property Variation in Sandalwood -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Physical Properties of Wood -- 6.2.1 Specific Gravity -- 6.2.2 Shrinkage and Swelling -- 6.2.3 Moisture Content -- 6.3 Anatomical Properties -- 6.4 Different Sources of Wood Variation -- 6.5 Sandalwood and Its Adulterants -- 6.6 Conclusions and Future Line of Work -- References -- 7: Silviculture, Growth and Yield of Sandalwood -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Distribution -- 7.3 Geology, Rocks, and Soils -- 7.4 Morphology and Phenology -- 7.5 Seeds and Seed Dormancy -- 7.6 Seed Germination and Seedlings Raising -- 7.7 Vegetative Propagation -- 7.8 Natural and Artificial Regeneration -- 7.9 Host-Sandalwood Parasitism -- 7.10 Inter-Cultural and Tending Operations -- 7.11 Tree Improvement -- 7.12 Conservation of Sandalwood -- 7.13 Growth and Yield of Sandalwood -- 7.14 Growth Study -- 7.14.1 Factors Affecting Growth -- 7.14.2 Influence of Soil on Growth and Heartwood Formation -- 7.15 Yield of Sandalwood and Revenue -- 7.15.1 Heartwood Formation -- 7.15.2 Girth Vs. Yield -- 7.15.3 Revenue to Exchequer -- 7.15.4 Rotation Age -- 7.16 Production of Sandalwood in India -- 7.17 Conclusions and Future Direction -- References -- 8: Cultivation of Sandalwood Under Agro-Forestry System -- 8.1 Introduction. ; 8.2 Seeds, Seed Treatment, Germination, and Seedling Growth -- 8.3 Agro-Forestry Systems -- 8.4 Nursery Practices for Quality Planting Stock -- 8.5 Site Selection for Sandalwood Cultivation -- 8.6 Sandalwood Cultivation and Impact of Hosts on Its Survival -- 8.7 Maintenance of Plantation -- 8.8 Protection of Plantation -- 8.8.1 Protection Against Grazing -- 8.8.2 Protection Against Fire -- 8.8.3 Protection Against Disease and Pests -- 8.8.4 Protection Against Illicit Felling -- 8.9 Benefits of Agro-Forestry Systems -- 8.9.1 Improving Soil Fertility -- 8.9.2 Increase the Efficiency of Nutrient Uptake -- 8.9.3 Provide Shade to Young Sandalwood -- 8.9.4 Assist the Parasitism Process for Sandalwood -- 8.9.5 Suppressing the Spread of Pests and Diseases -- 8.9.6 Intermediate Benefits to Farmers -- 8.10 Economics of Raising Sandalwood Plantation -- 8.11 Conclusions -- References -- 9: Diseases and Insect Pests of Sandalwood -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Sandalwood and Fungal Association -- 9.3 Sandalwood Diseases -- 9.3.1 Nursery Diseases -- 9.3.2 Main Field Diseases -- 9.3.2.1 Spike Disease of Sandalwood -- Causes of Spike Disease -- Pollen Theory -- Control of Spike Disease -- 9.4 Insect Pests of Sandalwood -- 9.4.1 Nursery Pests -- 9.4.1.1 Cryptothelia cramerii -- 9.4.1.2 Ascotis selenaria imparata -- 9.4.1.3 Acanthopsyche moorei -- 9.4.1.4 Sympiezomias cretaceus -- 9.4.1.5 Eupterote geminata -- 9.4.1.6 Natada nararia -- 9.4.1.7 Holochlora albida -- 9.4.1.8 Teratodus monticollis -- 9.4.1.9 Control of Nursery Pests -- 9.4.2 Stem Borers -- 9.4.2.1 Indarbela quadrinotata -- 9.4.2.2 Zeuzera coffeae -- 9.4.2.3 Sahyadrassus malabaricus -- 9.4.2.4 Aristobia octofasciculata -- 9.4.2.5 Control of Stem Borers -- 9.4.3 Sap Suckers -- 9.4.3.1 Saissetia coffeae -- 9.4.3.2 Saissetia nigra -- 9.4.3.3 Ceroplastes actiniformis -- 9.4.3.4 Ceroplastes ceriferus. ; 9.4.3.5 Inglisia bivalvata -- 9.4.3.6 Control of Sap Suckers -- 9.4.4 Insects Attacking Wood in Storage and Dead Wood -- 9.4.4.1 Sinoxylon atratum -- 9.4.4.2 Xylopsocus capucinus -- 9.4.4.3 Purpuricenus sanguinolentus -- 9.4.4.4 Xylocopa latipes -- 9.4.4.5 Control Measures -- 9.4.5 Termites -- 9.5 Control Measures of Pests of Sandalwood -- 9.5.1 Chemical Control -- 9.5.2 Biological Control -- 9.6 Conclusions -- References -- 10: The Sandalwood Trade: An Overview -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 About Sandalwood Tree and Current Situation -- 10.3 Sandal Tree and Part Traded -- 10.3.1 Adulterants -- 10.3.2 Consumption of Sandalwood and Oil -- 10.4 Sandalwood and Brief on Pricing Trend -- 10.4.1 Historical Trade in Price -- 10.4.2 Price Trend During Twentieth Century -- 10.5 Price Trend of Sandalwood Oil -- 10.6 Domestic Market -- 10.7 Production in Trade -- 10.8 Import and Export Policy on Sandalwood -- 10.9 Case Study from the Industry, Karnataka Soaps and Detergents Limited (KSDL), India -- 10.9.1 KSDL History: High and Low -- 10.9.2 KSDL Turnover -- 10.9.3 Challenges Faced by KSDL -- 10.10 Conclusion -- References -- 11: Sandalwood Smuggling and Illegal Trading in India -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Illegal Sandalwood Trade -- 11.3 Sandalwood Smuggling -- 11.4 Sandalwood Mafias -- 11.5 The Ghost of Veerappan and Criminalization of Labour -- 11.6 Current Commercial Trend of Sandalwood Trade -- 11.7 Recent Policies on Sandalwood Trade -- 11.8 Conclusions -- References -- 12: Tissue Culture Studies in Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Tissue Culture Applications in Sandalwood -- 12.2.1 Tissue Culture Studies in Sandalwood -- 12.2.1.1 Explant Sources -- 12.2.1.2 Surface Sterilization -- 12.2.1.3 Culture Medium -- 12.2.1.4 In Vitro Regeneration of Sandalwood -- 12.3 Limitations -- 12.4 Conclusions and Future Prospects -- References. ; 13: Sandalwood Biotechnology: Challenges, Opportunities, and Outlook -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Modern Biotechnology Strategies for Enhancing Sandalwood Bio-Prospects -- 13.2.1 Plant Tissue Culture -- 13.2.2 Plant Genetic Engineering -- 13.2.3 RNA Interference Approach in Sandalwood Improvement -- 13.2.4 Transgenic Hairy Roots -- 13.2.5 Host-Parasite Relationship in Sandalwood -- 13.2.6 Spike Disease in Sandalwood -- 13.2.7 Plant Metabolic Engineering and Metabolomics -- 13.2.8 Molecular Markers -- 13.2.9 Genomics -- 13.2.10 Image Analysis -- 13.2.11 Synthetic Biology and Nanobiotechnology -- 13.3 Conclusions -- References -- 14: Sustainable Use, Threats, and Conservation of Sandalwood -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Liberalization of Legal Aspect of Sandalwood in India -- 14.3 Sustainable Use -- 14.4 Threats to Conservation -- 14.5 Conservation of Sandalwood -- 14.6 Conclusion -- References -- 15: Success Stories of Sandalwood -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Success Story 1: Sirigiri Ravinder: The Farmer and Businessman Combined -- 15.3 Success Story 2: Chava Chandrasekhar: The Farmer -- 15.4 Success Story 3: Thangamuthu the Farmer -- 15.5 Success Story 4: Rangaswamy, A Farmer -- 15.6 Success Story 5: Chinnegowda -- 15.7 Success Story 6: Raghunath, the Farmer -- 15.8 Success Story 7: Ayyappa Thoranagatti, the Farmer -- 15.9 Success Story 8: Ramesh, the Farmer -- 15.10 Success Story 9: Corporate Sector Enters Sandalwood Plantation -- 15.11 Success Story 10: Quintis Limited (Formerly Tropical Forestry Services Corporation Limited, Australia) -- 15.12 Success Story 11: Santanol Pty Ltd. -- References -- Websites.
• Titolo autorizzato: Sandalwood, silviculture, conservation and applications
• ISBN: 981-16-0780-X
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910488700303321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II