Neuroprotective Effects of Phytochemicals in Brain Ageing

• Autore: Pathak Surajit
• Pubblicazione: Singapore : , : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, , 2024; ©2024
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (387 pages)
• Disciplina: 612.82
• Altri autori: BanerjeeAntara
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1: Phytochemicals as Protective Agents for Brain Aging -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Cellular and Molecular Hallmarks of Brain Aging -- 1.2.1 Mitochondrial Dysfunction -- 1.2.2 Accumulation of Oxidatively Damaged Molecules -- 1.2.3 Impaired Lysosome and Proteasome Function -- 1.2.4 Dysregulation of Neuronal Calcium Homeostasis -- 1.2.5 Inflammation -- 1.2.6 Impaired Neurogenesis -- 1.3 Phytochemicals -- 1.3.1 Activating of Neuronal Antioxidant Defense by Phytochemicals -- 1.4 Mechanisms Associated with Neuroprotective Effects of Phytochemicals on Brain -- 1.4.1 Effect of Cellular Defense Against Oxidative Stress: The Nrf2-ARE Antioxidant System -- 1.4.2 Cell Survival System: The TrkB Signaling Pathway -- 1.4.3 Cross-Talk Between TrkB Signaling Pathway and Nrf2-ARE Antioxidant System -- 1.5 Conclusion -- References -- 2: Phytonutraceuticals Modulate Cell Survival Signaling and Regulate Sympathetic Innervation in Aging and Disease -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Aging Process -- 2.3 Sympathetic Innervation in Aging and Disease -- 2.4 Phytonutraceuticals in Neurological Impairments -- 2.4.1 Resveratrol -- 2.4.2 Epicatechin -- 2.4.3 Quercetin -- 2.4.4 Curcumin -- 2.4.5 Green Tea Extract and EGCG -- 2.4.6 Other Phytochemicals and Disease -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Molecular Mechanism of Brain Aging: Protective Effects of Phytochemicals -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Molecular Mechanism of Aging -- 3.2.1 Gene Expression Profiling -- 3.2.1.1 Mitochondrial Dysregulations -- 3.2.1.2 Oxidative Stress -- 3.2.2 Cell Proliferation Capacity -- 3.2.3 Epigenetic Alteration -- 3.2.4 Inflammation and Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) -- 3.2.5 Autophagy -- 3.3 Protective Effects of Phytochemicals -- 3.3.1 Berberine -- 3.3.2 Phenolic Compounds -- 3.3.3 Resveratrol -- 3.3.4 Cocoa. ; 3.3.5 Omega 3-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (ω-3 PUFA) -- 3.3.6 Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate -- 3.4 Conclusion -- References -- 4: Response of Cellular Stress Toward the Hormetic Phytochemicals in Brain Aging -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Cellular Stress and Its Role in Brain Aging -- 4.2.1 Overview of Cellular Stress and Its Effects on Brain Cells -- 4.2.2 Oxidative Stress and Its Implications in Brain Aging -- 4.2.2.1 Sources of Oxidative Stress in the Brain -- 4.2.2.2 Effects of Oxidative Stress on Brain Aging -- 4.2.3 Other Forms of Cellular Stress and Their Potential Effects on Brain Aging -- 4.2.3.1 Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress -- 4.2.3.2 Heat Shock Stress -- 4.2.3.3 Metabolic Stress -- 4.3 Hormesis and Phytochemicals -- 4.3.1 Definition and Mechanisms of Hormesis -- 4.3.2 Overview of Phytochemicals and Their Potential Hormetic Effects -- 4.3.2.1 Polyphenols -- 4.3.2.2 Flavonoids -- 4.3.2.3 Other Phytochemicals -- 4.3.3 Bioavailability and Metabolism of Hormetic Phytochemicals -- 4.4 Hormetic Phytochemicals and Their Effects on Cellular Stress in Brain Aging -- 4.4.1 Evidence from Animal Studies and Human Studies -- 4.4.1.1 Study Design and Outcomes -- 4.4.1.2 Potential Mechanisms of Action -- 4.4.2 Comparison with Other Natural Products Used for Cellular Stress in Brain Aging -- 4.5 Molecular Mechanisms of Hormetic Phytochemicals on Cellular Stress in Brain Aging -- 4.5.1 Overview of Molecular Mechanisms of Hormesis -- 4.5.1.1 Activation of Nrf2 Pathway -- 4.5.1.2 Modulation of Inflammatory Pathways -- 4.5.1.3 Regulation of Protein Homeostasis -- 4.5.1.4 Enhancement of Mitochondrial Function -- 4.5.1.5 Modulation of Synaptic Plasticity and Neurotrophic Factors -- 4.5.2 Description of Specific Molecular Mechanisms of Hormetic Phytochemicals in Brain Aging -- 4.5.2.1 Antioxidant Activity -- 4.5.2.2 Antiinflammatory Effects. ; 4.5.2.3 Modulation of Cellular Signaling Pathways -- 4.5.2.4 Regulation of Gene Expression -- 4.5.2.5 Epigenetic Modifications -- 4.5.3 Role of Hormetic Phytochemicals in Modulating Cellular Signaling Pathways -- 4.5.3.1 PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway -- 4.5.3.2 NF-κB Signaling Pathway -- 4.5.3.3 Nrf2/ARE Pathway -- 4.5.3.4 MAPK Signaling Pathway -- 4.5.3.5 AMPK Signaling Pathway -- 4.6 Safety and Potential Adverse Effects of Hormetic Phytochemicals -- 4.6.1 Overview of Potential Adverse Effects -- 4.6.1.1 Gastrointestinal Disturbances -- 4.6.1.2 Allergic Reactions -- 4.6.1.3 Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity -- 4.6.1.4 Neurotoxicity -- 4.6.1.5 Reproductive Toxicity -- 4.6.2 Factors Affecting Safety and Dosage -- 4.6.3 Drug Interactions and Contraindications -- 4.6.4 Detoxification of Hermetic Phytochemicals -- 4.7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- References -- 5: Synergistic Effects of Multifunctional Phytochemicals Modulating the Cellular Signal Pathways - as Neuroprotective Therapeu... -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDDs) Affecting the Cognitive Functions -- 5.3 Role of Risk Factors in Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 5.3.1 Environmental Contaminants: Heavy Metals, Neurotoxins, Pesticides -- 5.4 Role of ROS Mediated Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 5.5 Neuroprotective Efficacies of Diverse Classes of Phytochemicals -- 5.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- References -- 6: Phytochemical Supplementation Regulates Immune Function and Modulates Cell Survival Signaling, Enhancing Neuroprotection an... -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Phytochemicals: Sources and Properties -- 6.3 Phytochemicals Modulate Immune Function -- 6.3.1 Green Tea -- 6.3.2 Resveratrol -- 6.3.3 Carotenoids -- 6.3.4 Flavonoids -- 6.4 Other Dietary Polyphenols -- 6.5 Virgin Coconut Oil -- 6.6 Phytochemicals as Neuroprotectants. ; 6.7 Phytochemicals Enhance Cognitive Functioning -- 6.8 Phytochemicals as Antioxidants in Aging -- 6.9 Conclusion -- References -- 7: Impact of Aging, Lifestyle, and Phytochemicals on the Commencement of Neurological Disorders -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Neurodegenerative Disorders -- 7.2.1 Alzheimer´s Disease -- 7.2.2 Parkinson´s Disease -- 7.2.3 Aging and the Onset of Neurodegenerative Disorders -- 7.3 Hallmarks Related to Age and Neurodegenerative Disorders -- 7.3.1 Primary Hallmarks -- 7.3.1.1 DNA Damage and Genomic Instability -- 7.3.2 Telomere Attrition -- 7.3.3 Epigenetic Alterations -- 7.3.4 Proteostasis -- 7.4 Antagonistic Hallmarks -- 7.4.1 Mitochondrial Dysfunction -- 7.4.2 Cellular Senescence -- 7.4.3 Deflated Metabolism and Disturbed Nutritional Sensing -- 7.5 Integrative Hallmarks -- 7.5.1 Stem Cell Exhaustion -- 7.5.2 Immune System -- 7.5.3 Lifestyle Choices and Neurodegenerative Disorders -- 7.5.4 Smoking -- 7.5.5 Alcohol Abuse -- 7.5.6 Stress -- 7.5.7 Physical Inactivity -- 7.5.8 Dietary Habits -- 7.5.9 Phytochemicals and Neurodegenerative Disorders -- 7.5.10 Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate -- 7.5.11 Curcumin -- 7.5.12 Resveratrol -- 7.5.13 Genistein -- 7.5.14 Baicalein -- 7.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- References -- 8: Ethnopharmacology: A Boon for Brain Aging -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Phytochemicals in Neuroprotection -- 8.2.1 Alkaloids -- 8.2.2 Flavonoids -- 8.2.3 Phenols -- 8.2.4 Fatty Acids -- 8.2.5 Terpenoids and Saponins -- 8.2.6 Resveratrol -- 8.2.7 Allium and Allicin -- 8.2.8 Curcumin -- 8.2.9 Sulforaphane -- 8.2.10 Hypericin and Pseudohypericin -- 8.3 The Role of Phytochemicals in Receptor Binding Activity -- 8.4 Nootropics -- 8.5 Neuroprotective Herbs -- 8.5.1 Bacopa Monniera -- 8.5.2 Ginkgo biloba L. -- 8.5.3 Centella asiatica -- 8.5.4 Panax ginseng -- 8.5.5 Convolvulus Pluricaulis -- 8.5.6 Emblica officinalis. ; 8.5.7 Withania somnifera -- 8.5.8 Ocimum sanctum -- 8.6 Conclusion -- References -- 9: Potential Effects of Antiaging Compounds: Implications on Brain Aging -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 9.2.1 Alzheimer´s Disease -- 9.2.2 Parkinson´s Disease -- 9.3 Phytochemicals as Antiaging Compounds in Brain Aging -- 9.3.1 Flavonoids -- 9.3.2 Curcumin -- 9.3.3 Resveratrol -- 9.3.4 Quercetin -- 9.3.5 Epigallocatechin Gallate -- 9.3.6 Myricetin -- 9.4 Biomarkers for Brain Aging -- 9.4.1 DNA Methylation -- 9.4.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based biomarkers -- 9.4.3 Obstructive Sleep Apnea -- 9.4.4 Delta Age -- 9.4.5 Diet -- 9.5 Conclusion -- References -- 10: Phytochemicals and Natural Extracts, Secondary Metabolites of Plants and Improvement of Brain Function -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Potential Cognitive Enhancement with Drugs -- 10.3 Herbal Drugs: Mechanisms and Interactions -- 10.4 Phytochemicals: A Natural Approach to Cognitive Health -- 10.5 Impact of Different Drug Formulations on Brain Function -- 10.6 Flavonoids and Their Role in Brain Function -- 10.7 Conclusion -- References -- 11: Flavonoids: A Promising Neuroprotectant and Its Salutary Effects on Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disorders -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Distribution of Flavonoids in Nature -- 11.3 Chemistry and Classification of Flavonoids -- 11.3.1 Isoflavones -- 11.3.2 Neoflavonoids -- 11.3.3 Flavones and Flavonols -- 11.3.4 Flavanones -- 11.3.5 Flavanols and Flavanonols -- 11.3.6 Anthocyanins -- 11.4 The Blood-Brain Barrier and Neuronal Availability of Flavonoids -- 11.5 Role of Flavonoids in Neuroprotection -- 11.5.1 Anti-neuroinflammatory Effect of Flavonoids -- 11.5.2 Anti-oxidative Effect of Flavonoids -- 11.5.3 Impact on Memory and Cognition -- 11.6 Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids in Age-Associated Neurodegenerative Disorders. ; 11.6.1 Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids in AD.
• Titolo autorizzato: Neuroprotective Effects of Phytochemicals in Brain Ageing
• ISBN: 981-9972-69-8
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910865264603321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II