Helicities in geophysics, astrophysics, and beyond / / editors Kirill Kuzanyan [and three others]

• Pubblicazione: Hoboken, NJ : , : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., , [2024]; ©2024
• Edizione: First edition.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (275 pages)
• Disciplina: 521
• Soggetto topico: Particles (Nuclear physics) - Helicity; Geophysics; Astrophysics
• Persona (resp. second.): KuzanyanKirill
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Part I Helicity Essentials: Basic and Fundamental Concepts -- Chapter 1 Introduction to Field Line Helicity -- 1.1 Definitions of Field Line Helicity -- 1.1.1 Definitions of Field Line Helicity for Closed Volumes -- 1.1.2 Definitions of Field Line Helicity for Open Volumes -- 1.1.3 Relative Field Line Helicity -- 1.2 Ideal Evolution -- 1.2.1 Simple Examples -- 1.2.2 Application to the Global Solar Corona -- 1.2.3 Application to Solar Active Regions -- 1.3 Non‐Ideal Evolution -- 1.3.1 Evolution Equation for Non‐Null Magnetic Fields -- 1.3.2 Application to Turbulent Magnetic Relaxation -- References -- Chapter 2 Magnetic Winding: Theory and Applications -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Relative Helicity -- 2.3 Magnetic Winding -- 2.3.1 Winding Helicity -- 2.3.2 Separating Out the Topology -- 2.3.3 Magnetic Winding Flux -- 2.4 Applications -- 2.4.1 Theoretical Examples -- 2.4.2 Solar Observations -- 2.5 Brief Historical Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 Transport in Helical Fluid Turbulence -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Helicity: Definition and Properties -- 3.3 Theoretical Analysis of Helicity Effects in Inhomogeneous Turbulence -- 3.3.1 Equations for Mean Fields and Fluctuation Fields -- 3.3.2 Statistical Analytical Theory for Inhomogeneous Turbulence -- 3.3.3 Analytical Expressions for Reynolds Stress and Vortex‐Motive Force -- 3.4 Turbulence Modeling with Helicity -- 3.4.1 Choice of One‐Point Statistical Quantities -- 3.4.2 Helicity Turbulence Model -- 3.5 Application to Swirling Flow -- 3.5.1 Swirling Flows -- 3.5.2 Characteristics of Turbulent Swirling Flow -- 3.5.3 Conventional Turbulence Model for Swirling Flow in a Straight Pipe -- 3.5.4 Analysis of Turbulent Swirling Flow with the Helicity Turbulence Model -- 3.6 Large‐Scale Flow Generation by Inhomogeneous Helicity. ; 3.6.1 Vortex Dynamos -- 3.6.2 Simple Argument on the Origin of Flow Generation Due to the Helicity Effect -- 3.6.3 Numerical Validation of Global Flow Generation Due to the Helicity Effect -- 3.6.4 Possible Applications in Spherical Geometry -- 3.7 Summary and Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part II Helicity Manifestations in Nature and Their Observations -- Chapter 4 Observations of Magnetic Helicity Proxies in the Solar Photosphere: Helicity With Solar Cycles -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Magnetic Helicity from Observations -- 4.2.1 Early Morphological Observations of Helical Patterns in the Solar Atmosphere -- 4.2.2 Magnetic Helicity from Solar Vector Magnetic Fields -- 4.3 Electric Current Helicity from Observations -- 4.3.1 Helicity from Solar Vector Magnetic Fields -- 4.3.2 Magnetic Helicity with Solar Cycles -- 4.4 Magnetic Helicity Injection on the Solar Surface -- 4.4.1 Magnetic Helicity Injection Inferred from Moving Magnetic Structures -- 4.4.2 Magnetic Helicity Injection with Solar Cycles -- 4.5 Magnetic Helicity as an Index in the High Solar Atmosphere -- 4.5.1 Hemispheric Distribution of Helical Coronal Soft X‐Ray Loops -- 4.5.2 Helicity with Solar Flare Cycles -- 4.6 Questions about Solar Dynamos with Observation of Magnetic Helicity -- 4.7 Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 Chirality of Solar Filaments and the Supporting Magnetic Field -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Magnetic Chirality of Solar Filaments -- 5.2.1 Fibril Orientation -- 5.2.2 Coronal Cells -- 5.2.3 Filament Drainage Brightening -- 5.3 Structural Chirality of Solar Filaments -- 5.4 Magnetic Configuration of Solar Filaments -- 5.5 Future Prospects -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 Solar Flares and Magnetic Helicity -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Basic Concepts and Formulations -- 6.3 Methods of Helicity Estimation. ; 6.3.1 Volume Helicity -- 6.3.2 Magnetic Helicity Flux -- 6.4 Practical Applications -- 6.4.1 Temporal Variation -- 6.4.2 Statistical Trends -- 6.4.3 Magnetic Tongues: A Proxy for the Helicity Sign -- 6.5 Numerical Models -- 6.5.1 Coronal Field Reconstructions -- 6.5.2 Idealized Simulations -- 6.6 Summary and Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7 Magnetic Helicity Measurements in the Solar Wind -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The Parker Model as a Guide -- 7.3 Evaluating Magnetic Helicity -- 7.3.1 Uncurling the Vector Potential -- 7.3.2 Reduced Magnetic Helicity -- 7.3.3 Caveats -- 7.4 Helicity Profile in the Solar Wind -- 7.4.1 Reduced Helicity Spectra -- 7.4.2 Wave Picture of Magnetic Helicity -- 7.4.3 Scale and Hemispheric Dependencies -- 7.4.4 Solar Cycle Dependence -- 7.5 Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 8 Magnetic Helicity in Rotating Neutron Stars -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Theoretical Background -- 8.2.1 Mean Spin of the Electron Gas in an External Magnetic Field -- 8.2.2 Approximate Description of Chiral Plasma Based on Berry Phase Evolution -- 8.2.3 Electric Current and the Adler Anomaly in Inhomogeneous Matter Accounting for Electroweak Interaction -- 8.3 Astrophysical Applications -- 8.3.1 Quantum Surface Correction to the Chiral Anomaly in a Finite Volume of a Neutron Star -- 8.3.2 Magnetic Helicity Evolution as the Averaged Spin Flux through the Boundary of a Domain -- 8.3.3 Evolution of Magnetic Helicity in NSs -- 8.3.4 Magnetic Helicity Flow through the Equator of a Rotating NS -- 8.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 Writhing From Biophysics to Solar Physics and Back -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Open Linking and Writhe -- 9.2.1 Fuller and Closures -- 9.2.2 Net Winding and the Polar Writhe -- 9.2.3 Helical‐to‐Loop Transition and Plectoneme Formation -- 9.2.4 Writhing as a Point of View. ; 9.3 Bounding the Writhe of Proteins -- 9.3.1 Introduction to Protein Knotting -- 9.3.2 A Note on Downsampling Proteins -- 9.3.3 Borrowing from Solar Physics, Again -- 9.3.4 Applying Polar Writhe to Proteins -- References -- Chapter 10 Kinetic Helicity in the Earth's Atmosphere -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 General Information on Helicity -- 10.3 Helicity in Dynamic Atmospheric Processes -- 10.4 Helical Turbulence in the Earth's Atmosphere -- 10.5 Concluding Remarks and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part III Theoretical and Numerical Helicity Modeling -- Chapter 11 Effects of P-Noninvariance, Particles, and Dynamos -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Seed Magnetic Fields -- 11.3 Mirror Asymmetry and Helicity -- 11.4 Mean‐Field Dynamos in Relativistic Plasmas -- 11.4.1 Origin and Evolution of Alpha in the AMHD -- 11.4.2 The Influence of Turbulent Motion the CME in the Early Universe -- 11.4.3 Nascent Neutron Stars, Mirror Asymmetry, and Strong Magnetic Fields -- 11.5 Dynamo Driven by Neutrino Asymmetry in the Early Universe -- 11.6 Conclusions and Discussion -- References -- Chapter 12 Stability of Plasmas Through Magnetic Helicity -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Conservation of Helicity -- 12.3 Relaxation Equilibrium State -- 12.4 Field Relaxation Constraints -- 12.5 Plasma Stability -- 12.5.1 Solar Eruptions -- 12.5.2 Toroidal Fusion Plasma Fields -- 12.5.3 Numerical Experimental Evidence -- 12.6 Galactic and Intergalactic Media -- 12.6.1 Observations -- 12.6.2 Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability -- 12.7 Helical Intergalactic Bubbles -- 12.7.1 Numerical Experiment -- 12.7.2 Helicity as a Stabilizer -- 12.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 13 Helicity-Conserving Relaxation in Unstable and Merging Twisted Magnetic Flux Ropes -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Kink Instability and Relaxation in the Solar Corona. ; 13.2.1 Relaxation in Kink‐Unstable Flux Ropes -- 13.2.2 Observable Signatures of Energy Release in Flux Ropes -- 13.3 Merging Flux Ropes -- 13.3.1 Flux Rope Merging in Spherical Tokamaks -- 13.3.2 Heating Avalanches in the Solar Corona -- 13.4 Discussion and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 14 Emergence of Magnetic Structure in Supersonic Isothermal Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Fourier Diagnostics and Shell‐to‐Shell and Helical Transfers -- 14.2.1 Shells, Spectra, and Cospectra -- 14.2.2 Helical Triadic Interactions -- 14.2.3 Shell‐to‐Shell Transfers -- 14.3 Results from Previous Research in Incompressible MHD -- 14.4 Numerical Method -- 14.5 Results -- 14.5.1 Spectra and Alfvénic Balance -- 14.5.2 Shell‐to‐Shell Transfers -- 14.6 Summary and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15 Nonlinear Mean-Field Dynamos With Magnetic Helicity Transport and Solar Activity: Sunspot Number and Tilt -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Mean‐Field Dynamos -- 15.3 Dynamic Nonlinearity: Transport of Magnetic Helicity -- 15.4 Formation of Sunspots -- 15.5 Observations of Proxies of Magnetic Helicity in the Sun -- 15.5.1 Observation of Solar Vector Magnetic Fields -- 15.5.2 Computation of Current Helicity -- 15.6 Nonlinear Model of a Mean‐Field Dynamo and Dynamics of the Sunspot Number -- 15.7 The Effect of Magnetic Helicity Transport and Prediction of Solar Activity -- 15.8 The Mean Tilt of Sunspot Bipolar Regions -- 15.9 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 16 The Spatial Segregation of Kinetic Helicity in Geodynamo Simulations -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Importance of Kinetic Helicity in Dynamo Action -- 16.2.1 Helicity in Dynamo Simulations -- 16.2.2 Lack of a Satisfactory Explanation for Helicity Segregation outside the TC -- 16.3 Sources of Helicity -- 16.3.1 Evolution Equation. ; 16.3.2 Body Forces and Flux of Helicity.
• Titolo autorizzato: Helicities in geophysics, astrophysics, and beyond
• ISBN: 1-119-84171-2; 1-119-84169-0
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910830808403321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Geophysical monograph ; ; Volume 283.