Insect and Hydroponic Farming in Africa : : The New Circular Food Economy / / Dorte Verner

• Autore: Verner Dorte
• Pubblicazione: Washington, D.C. : , : The World Bank, , 2021
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (280 pages)
• Disciplina: 631.585096
• Soggetto topico: Edible insects; Hydroponics; Sustainable agriculture
• Altri autori: RoosNanna HalloranAfton SurabianGlenn AshwillMaximillian VellaniSaleema KonishiYasuo
• Nota di contenuto: Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Executive Summary -- Abbreviations -- Chapter One Introduction -- Context of the Problem -- Solutions to the Problem -- Viability -- Road Map -- Methodology -- Notes -- References -- Chapter Two Food Security Context -- Highlights -- Food Security and Nutrition in Africa -- Food Supply -- Economic Structure of the Agriculture Sector -- Population Change in FCV Countries -- Climate Change in FCV Countries -- ANNEX 2A -- Notes -- References -- Chapter Three Understanding Insect Farming -- Highlights -- Context of Insect Farming in Africa -- Types of Insects that can be Farmed -- Roles in Insect Farming for Civil Society, Government, and the Private Sector -- Insect Farming's Nutritional Benefits -- Insect Farming's Social Benefits -- Insect Farming's Environmental Benefits -- Insect Farming's Economic Benefits -- ANNEX 3A -- Notes -- References -- Chapter Four Mainstreaming Insect Farming -- Highlights -- Edible Insect Supply Chains in African FCV-Affected States -- Urban and Rural Insect Markets -- Drivers of the Edible Insect Market -- Edible Insect Production Systems -- Modeling the Potential of BSF in Zimbabwe -- Annex 4A. Profiles of Potential Benefits Derived From Black Soldier Fly in 10 African Countries -- Notes -- References -- Chapter Five Understanding Hydroponics -- Highlights -- About Hydroponics -- Types Of Hydroponic Systems -- Required Inputs -- Outputs -- Advantages Over Soil Agriculture -- Limitations -- Notes -- References -- Chapter Six Ways Forward -- Phase 1: Establishing and Piloting -- Phase 2: Scaling -- Note -- References -- Boxes -- Box 1.1 Benefits from Frontier Agriculture for Countries Affected by Fragility, Conflict, and Violence -- Box 1.2 Farm-Level and Country-Level Surveys -- Box 3.1 Insect Farming and the Sustainable Development Goals. ; Box 4.1 Costs Associated with an Experimental Cricket Farming Activity in Kenya's Kakuma Refugee Camp -- Box 5.1 Hydroponic Pilot Project in Kenya's Kakuma Refugee Camp -- Box 5.2 Comparing Lettuce Yields, Water Usage, and Growing Seasons between Traditional Soil Farming and Two Hydroponic Techniques-the Wicking Bed and Nutrient Film Techniques-in West Bank and Gaza -- Figures -- Figure ES.1 Linear versus Circular Economy for Food Production and Consumption -- Figure ES.2 Developing a Circular Food Economy -- Figure ES.3 Comparative Advantage of Frontier Technology Relative to Conventional Farming When R ≤ R* -- Figure ES.4 Supply Chain Integration versus Costs over Time -- Figure 1.1 Prevalence of Undernourishment in African Fragile, Conflict, and Violence Countries, 2015-30 -- Figure 1.2 Share of the Population with Insufficient Food Consumption in African FCV Countries -- Figure 1.3 Linear versus Circular Economy for Food Production and Consumption -- Figure 1.4 The Circular Food Economy and Its Benefits Using the Frontier Agricultural Technologies of Insect Farming and Hydroponic Crop Agriculture -- Figure 1.5 Comparative Advantage of Frontier Technology Relative to Conventional Farming When R ≤ R* -- Figure 2.1 The Four Dimensions of Food Security -- Figure 2.2 Food Insecurity's Negative Feedback Loop -- Figure 2.3 Undernourishment Rates in FCV versus Non-FCV Countries in Africa, 2001-18 -- Figure 2.4 Undernourishment Is Pervasive and Increasing among FCV Countries -- Figure 2.5 Prevalence of Anemia in Women of Reproductive Age (15-49 Years), 2016 -- Figure 2.6 Prevalence of Stunting, or a Height-for-Age More Than Two Standard Deviations below the International Median, among Children Younger Than Five Years -- Figure 2.7 Food Supply in 13 African FCV Countries, 2018 -- Figure 2.8 Changes in Food Supply in 13 African FCV Countries, 2014-18. ; Figure 2.9 Average Protein Supply in 13 African FCV Countries, 2018 -- Figure 2.10 Change in Per Capita Food Production Variability in 18 African FCV Countries, 2000-16 -- Figure 2.11 Food Exports as a ­Percentage of Merchandise Exports -- Figure 2.12 Average Annual Output per Worker in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishery in 13 African FCV Countries, Various Years -- Figure 2.13 Average Annual Population Growth in 19 African FCV Countries from 2000-04 to 2015-19 -- Figure 2.14 Population Living in Urban Areas in African FCV Countries, 2000 and 2019 -- Figure 2.15 Net Migration in African FCV Countries, 2002-17 -- Figure 2.16 Number of Refugees, by Country of Origin, 2015 and 2019 -- Figure 2.17 Number of Internally Displaced Persons in 14 African FCV Countries, 2019 -- Figure 2.18 Change in Average Temperature from 2000 to 2016 in African FCV Countries -- Figure 2.19 Changes in Renewable Freshwater Resources from 2002 to 2017 in African FCV Countries -- Figure 3.1 Number of Direct and Indirect Jobs Created in the Insect Food and Feed Industry in Europe -- Figure 3.2 Korean Government Framework for the Insects-for-Food-and-Feed Industry -- Figure 3.3 Results of a Life-Cycle Assessment of the Climate Impacts from Farming Crickets, Producing Broiler Chickens, and Optimizing Cricket Farms in Thailand -- Figure 4.1 Zimbabwe's Wild Harvested Mopane Caterpillar Supply Chain -- Figure 4.2 Democratic Republic of Congo's Wild Harvested Edible Insect Supply Chain -- Figure 4.3 Papua New Guinea's Wild Harvested Edible Insect Supply Chain -- Figure 4.4 Nontribal Social Arrangements of Wild Harvested Edible Insects in Zambia's Kazoka Village -- Figure 4.5 Rough Representation of the Farmed Edible Insect Value and Supply Chains -- Figure 4.6 Supply Chain Integration versus Costs over Time. ; Figure 4.7 Price Changes from Market Segmentation and Outsourcing Production to Small-Scale Insect Producers -- Figure 4.8 Cricket Value Chain -- Figure 4.9 BSF Value Chain -- Figure 4.10 Maize Food Supply Chain and Annual Waste Stream, Zimbabwe -- Figure 4.11 Sugarcane Food Supply Chain and Annual Waste Stream, Zimbabwe -- Figure 4.12 Soybean Food Supply Chain and Annual Waste Stream, Zimbabwe -- Figure 4.13 Groundnut Food Supply Chain and Annual Waste Stream, Zimbabwe -- Figure 4.14 Wheat Food Supply Chain and Annual Waste Stream, Zimbabwe -- Figure 5.1 Hydroponic Systems and How They Are Set Up -- Figure 5.2 Aquaponics Cycle -- Figure 5.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydroponic Systems -- Figure 5.4 Inputs into and Outcomes of Aquaponics and Hydroponics -- Figure B5.2.1 Lettuce Yield, Water Use, and Number of Growing Seasons per Year for Two Hydroponic Systems and the Traditional Soil Method in West Bank and Gaza -- Figure 5.5 Hydroponic Space, Water Needs, and Yields for Producing Kale, Spinach, and Cowpeas -- Figure 5.6 How Hydroponics Supports the World Bank Group's Four FCV Pillars -- Figure 6.1 Developing a Circular Food Economy -- Figure 6.2 Institutional and Regulatory Framework for Farmed Insects as Food and Feed -- Maps -- Map 1.1 Countries in Which Insect Farming Data Were Collected for This Report -- Map 2.1 Stunting Rates in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2015 -- Map 3.1 Diversity and Abundance of Edible Insects in Africa -- Photos -- Photo 3.1 Insect-Based Health Supplements from the Republic of Korea -- Photo 4.1 Examples of Cricket Farms -- Photo 4.2 Examples of Mealworm Farms -- Photo 4.3 Examples of BSF Production Systems -- Photo 5.1 Example of a Wick System with Multiple Wicking Beds in West Bank and Gaza -- Photo 5.2 Kratky Bucket System -- Photo 5.3 Two Views of a Hydroponic Green Fodder System in West Bank and Gaza. ; Photo 5.4 Hydroponic Farming in West Bank and Gaza -- Tables -- Table 2.1 Cereal Balance Sheet for 13 African FCV Countries with Available Data, 2018 -- Table 2.2 Agricultural Employment as a Percentage of Total Employment in African FCV Countries, 2000-19 -- Table 2.3 Value Added from Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing as a Percentage of GDP in 19 African FCV Countries, 2000-19 -- Table 2.4 Population Living below the National Poverty Line in 18 African FCV Countries, Various Years -- Table 2.5 Annual Freshwater Withdrawals for Agriculture as a Percentage of Total Freshwater Withdrawals, 2002 and 2017 -- Table 2A.1 Undernourished People, 2000-18 -- Table 2A.2 Children under Age Five Who Are Stunted -- Table 2A.3 Industry (Manufacturing and Construction) Value Added, 2000-19 -- Table 2A.4 Literacy Rate -- Table 2A.5 Refugees, by Country of Origin, African FCV Countries, 2000-19 -- Table 2A.6 Refugees, by Asylum Country, 2005-18 -- Table 3.1 Willingness to Taste a Cricket Product among Nationalities in Kenya's Kakuma Refugee Camp, 2016 -- Table 3.2 Most Commonly Farmed Insect Species -- Table 3.3 Growth Periods and Cycles of the Insect Species Observed in the Farm-Level Survey -- Table 3.4 Insect Species Farmed for Food and Feed in Africa as Identified in the Farm-Level Survey in 2019 -- Table 3.5 Stakeholders in the Insects as Food and Feed Industry and Their Roles and Functions, 2019 -- Table 3.6 Korean Government Areas of Investment for the Country's Insect Sector -- Table 3.7 Details of Large-Scale Insect Farming Companies, Based on Information Available in 2019 -- Table 3.8 Fat and Protein in Various Edible Insect Species -- Table 3.9 Feed Conversion Rates of Various Insect and Livestock Species -- Table 3.10 Substrate Use on African Insect Farms. ; Table 3.11 Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Content of Chicken, Cricket, and Black Soldier Fly Larvae Biofertilizers.
• Sommario/riassunto: Interestingly, some relief from today's woes may come from ancient human practices. While current agri-food production models rely on abundant supplies of water, energy, and arable land and generate significant greenhouse gas emissions in addition to forest and biodiversity loss, past practices point toward more affordable and sustainable paths. Different forms of insect farming and soilless crop farming, or hydroponics, have existed for centuries. In this report the authors make a persuasive case that frontier agriculture, particularly insect and hydroponic farming, can complement conventional agriculture. Both technologies reuse society's agricultural and organic industrial waste to produce nutritious food and animal feed without continuing to deplete the planet's land and water resources, thereby converting the world's wasteful linear food economy into a sustainable, circular food economy. As the report shows, insect and hydroponic farming can create jobs, diversify livelihoods, improve nutrition, and provide many other benefits in African and fragile, conflict-affected countries. Together with other investments in climate-smart agriculture, such as trees on farms, alternate wetting and drying rice systems, conservation agriculture, and sustainable livestock, these technologies are part of a promising menu of solutions that can help countries move their land, food, water, and agriculture systems toward greater sustainability and reduced emissions. This is a key consideration as the World Bank renews its commitment to support countries' climate action plans. This book is the Bank's first attempt to look at insect and hydroponic farming as possible solutions to the world's climate and food and nutrition security crisis and may represent a new chapter in the Bank's evolving efforts to help feed and sustain the planet.
• Titolo autorizzato: Insect and Hydroponic Farming in Africa
• ISBN: 1-4648-1767-7
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910818826003321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: World Bank e-Library.