Cathodic protection [[electronic resource] ] : industrial solutions for protecting against corrosion / / Volkan Cicek

• Autore: Cicek Volkan
• Pubblicazione: Hoboken, NJ, : John Wiley and Sons, Inc., c2013
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource
• Disciplina: 620.1/1223
• Soggetto topico: Cathodic protection; Corrosion and anti-corrosives
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- 1 Corrosion of Materials -- 1.1 Deterioration or Corrosion of Ceramic Materials -- 1.2 Degradation or Deterioration of Polymers -- 1.3 Corrosion or Deterioration of Metals -- 1.3.1 Iron, Steel and Stainless Steels -- 1.3.2 Aluminum and Its Alloys -- 1.3.3 Magnesium and Its Alloys -- 1.3.4 Copper and Its Alloys -- 1.3.5 Nickel and Its Alloys -- 1.3.6 Titanium and Its Alloys -- 1.3.7 Lead and Its Alloys -- 1.3.8 Corrosion of Composite Alloys (Tin Can Example) -- 2 Factors Influencing Corrosion -- 2.1 Nature of the Metal -- 2.1.1 Position in Galvanic Series -- 2.1.2 Relative Areas of the Anode and Cathode -- 2.1.3 Purity of Metal -- 2.1.4 Physical State of the Metal -- 2.1.5 Passivity or Passivation -- 2.1.6 Nature of the Corrosion Product -- 2.1.7 Nature of the Oxide Film -- 2.2 Nature of the Corroding Environment -- 2.2.1 Effect of Temperature -- 2.2.2 Dissolved Oxygen Concentration and Formation of Oxygen Concentration Cells -- 2.2.3 Nature of the Electrolyte -- 2.2.4 Presence of Corrosive Ions -- 2.2.5 Flow Rate -- 2.2.6 Humidity -- 2.2.7 Effect of pH -- 2.2.8 Presence of Impurities in the Atmosphere -- 3 Corrosion Mechanisms -- 3.1 Direct Chemical Attack or Chemical or Dry Corrosion -- 3.1.1 Oxidation Corrosion -- 3.1.2 Corrosion by Other Gases -- 3.1.3 Liquid Metal Corrosion -- 3.2 Electrochemical or Aqueous or Wet Corrosion -- 3.3 Differences between Chemical and Electrochemical Corrosion -- 4 Corrosion Types -- 4.1 Uniform Corrosion -- 4.1.1 Atmospheric Corrosion -- 4.1.2 Corrosion in Water -- 4.1.3 Underground or Soil Corrosion -- 4.1.4 High Temperature Corrosion -- 4.2 Non-Uniform Corrosion -- 4.2.1 Galvanic Corrosion -- 4.2.2 Crevice Corrosion -- 4.2.3 Pitting Corrosion -- 4.2.4 Selective Leaching or Selective Corrosion -- 4.2.5 Filiform Corrosion. ; 4.2.6 Erosion Corrosion -- 4.2.7 Cavitation Corrosion -- 4.2.8 Abrasion Corrosion -- 4.2.9 Stress Corrosion -- 4.2.10 Intergranular Corrosion -- 4.2.11 Caustic Embrittlement -- 4.2.12 Hydrogen Embrittlement -- 4.2.13 Corrosion Fatigue -- 4.2.14 Fretting Corrosion -- 4.2.15 Stray-current and Interference Corrosion -- 4.2.16 Waterline Corrosion -- 4.2.17 Microbial or Biocorrosion -- 5 Thermodynamics of Corrosion -- 5.1 Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) -- 5.2 Passivity -- 5.3 Pourbaix Diagrams -- 5.3.1 Immunity Region -- 5.3.2 Corrosion Regions -- 5.3.3 Passivity Region -- 5.4 Corrosion Equilibrium and Adsorptions -- 5.5 Concentration Corrosion Cells -- 5.6 Polarization -- 5.6.1 Activation Polarization -- 5.6.2 Concentration Polarization -- 5.6.3 Ohmic Polarization -- 5.7 Polarization Curves -- 6 Corrosion Prevention and Protection -- 6.1 Proper Design -- 6.2 Choice of Material -- 6.2.1 Purity of the Chemicals in the Environment -- 6.2.2 Electrolyte Concentrations -- 6.2.3 Nature of the Electrolyte -- 6.2.4 Effect of Corrosion Products -- 6.2.5 Temperature Variations -- 6.2.6 Presence of Oxygen -- 6.2.7 Oxygen Concentration Cells -- 6.2.8 Interference Effects -- 6.3 Protective Coatings -- 6.3.1 Protective Oxide Films and Passivation -- 6.3.2 Coatings with Metals, Alloys or Materials that are Conductors -- 6.3.3 Coating with Inorganic Materials that are Insulators -- 6.3.4 Coating with Organic Materials that are Insulators -- 6.4 Changing the Environmental Factors that Accelerate Corrosion -- 6.4.1 Reducing the Corrosivity of the Solution -- 6.4.2 Inhibitors -- 6.4.3 Eliminating Galvanic Action -- 6.5 Changing the Electrochemical Characteristic of the Metal Surface -- 6.5.1 Cathodic Protection -- 6.5.2 Anodic Protection -- 7 Cost of Corrosion -- 7.1 Corrosion Preventative Measures -- 7.2 Lost Production Due to Plants Going out of Service or Shutdowns. ; 7.3 Product Loss Due to Leakages -- 7.4 Contamination of the Product -- 7.5 Maintenance Costs -- 7.6 Overprotective Measures -- 8 Cathodic Protection -- 8.1 Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection Systems -- 8.2 Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Systems -- 8.3 Cathodic Protection Current Need -- 8.4 Effect of Coatings on Cathodic Protection -- 8.5 Effect of Passivation on Cathodic Protection -- 8.6 Automated Cathodic Protection Systems -- 8.7 Cathodic Protection Criteria -- 8.7.1 -850 mV Criterion -- 8.7.2 300 mV Potential Shift Criterion -- 8.7.3 100 mV Polarization Shift Criterion -- 8.7.4 Tafel Region Starting Point -- 8.8 Reliability of Cathodic Protection Criteria -- 8.9 Interference Effects of Cathodic Protection Systems -- 8.9.1 Anodic Interference -- 8.9.2 Cathodic Interference -- 8.9.3 Specific Interference Cases -- 8.10. Criteria for Cathodic Protection Projects -- 8.11. Cost of Cathodic Protection -- 8.12. Comparison of Cathodic Protection Systems -- 9 Sacrificial Anode or Galvanic Cathodic Protection Systems -- 9.1 Anodic Potentials and Anodic Polarization -- 9.2 Galvanic Cathodic Protection Current Need -- 9.3 Anodic Current Capacity and Anodic Current Efficiency -- 9.4 Service Life of an Anode -- 9.5 Minimum Number of Galvanic Anodes -- 9.6 Commonly Used Galvanic Anodes -- 9.6.1 Magnesium Anodes -- 9.6.2 Zinc Anodes -- 9.6.3 Aluminum Anodes -- 9.7 Performance Measurements of Galvanic Anodes -- 9.7.1 Chemical Composition -- 9.7.2 Mechanical Strength -- 9.7.3 Electrical Resistivity -- 9.7.4 Electrochemical Experiments -- 9.8 Galvanic Anodic Beds -- 9.8.1 Anodic Bed Filling Materials -- 9.8.2 Anodic Bed Resistance -- 9.9 Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection Projects -- 9.10 Maintenance of Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection Systems -- 9.10.1 Low Pipeline/Terrain Potential -- 9.10.2 Decreases in Anodic Current Production. ; 10 Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Systems -- 10.1 T/R Units -- 10.1.1 Efficiency of T/R Units -- 10.1.2 T/R Units with Constant Potentials -- 10.1.3 Installation of T/R Units -- 10.1.4 Technical Properties of T/R Units -- 10.2 Types of Anodes -- 10.2.1 Graphite Anodes -- 10.2.2 Iron-Silicon Anodes -- 10.2.3 Silver-Lead Anodes -- 10.2.4 Titanium Anodes Coated with Platinum -- 10.2.5 Titanium Anodes Coated with Metal Oxides -- 10.3 Anodic Bed Resistance -- 10.4 Types of Anodic Beds -- 10.5 Cable Cross-Sections -- 10.6 Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Projects -- 10.7 Maintenance of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Systems -- 10.7.1 Periodical Measurements and Controls of the Entire System -- 10.7.2 Periodical Measurements and Controls of the T/R Unit -- 10.7.3 Commonly Encountered Problems -- 11 Corrosion and Corrosion Prevention of Concrete Structures -- 11.1 Concrete's Chemical Composition -- 11.2 Corrosion Reactions of Concrete -- 11.3 Factors Affecting Corrosion Rate in Reinforced Concrete Structures -- 11.3.1 Effect of Concrete Composition -- 11.3.2 Effect of Oxygen -- 11.3.3 Effect of Humidity -- 11.3.4 Effect of Temperature -- 11.3.5 Effect of pH -- 11.3.6 Effect of Chlorides -- 11.3.7 Effect of Magnesium Ions -- 11.4 Corrosion Measurements in Reinforced Concrete Structures -- 11.4.1 Observational Methods -- 11.4.2 Weight Loss Measurements -- 11.4.3 Potential Diagrams -- 11.4.4 Polarization Curves -- 11.5 Corrosion Prevention of Reinforced Concrete -- 11.5.1 Via Coatings -- 11.5.2 Via Inhibitors -- 11.5.3 Via Cathodic Protection -- 12 Cathodic Protection of Reinforced Concrete Steels -- 12.1 Current Needed for Cathodic Protection of Steel Structures -- 12.2 Cathodic Protection Criteria -- 12.2.1 -770 mV Potential Criterion -- 12.2.2 300 mV Potential Shift -- 12.2.3 100 mV Polarization Shift. ; 12.3 Determination of Protection Potential -- 12.4 Cathodic Protection Methods for Reinforced Concrete Steels -- 12.4.1 Via Iron-Silicon Anodes -- 12.4.2 Via Conductive Polymeric Cage Anodes -- 12.4.3 Via Titanium Sieve Anodes Coated with Oxides -- 12.4.4 Via Conducting Paints -- 12.5 Cathodic Protection of Pre-stressed Steel Concrete Pipes -- 13 Corrosion in Petroleum Industry -- 13.1 Hydrochloric Acid (HC1) and Chlorides -- 13.2 Hydrogen (H2) Gas -- 13.3 Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) and Other Sulfur Compounds -- 13.4 Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) -- 13.5 Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) -- 13.6 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) -- 13.7 Dissolved Oxygen (O2) and Water (H2O) -- 13.8 Organic Acids -- 13.9 Nitrogen (N2) Compounds and Ammonia (NH3) -- 13.10 Phenols -- 13.11 Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) -- 13.12 Caustic Soda (NaOH) -- 13.13 Mercury (Hg) -- 13.14 Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3) -- 13.15 Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) -- 14 Corrosion in Pipeline Systems -- 14.1 Pipes Made of Iron and Its Alloys -- 14.1.1 Cast Iron Pipes -- 14.1.2 Ductile Cast Iron Pipes -- 14.1.3 Steel Pipes -- 14.2 Petroleum or Crude Oil Pipeline Systems -- 14.3 Water Pipeline Systems -- 14.3.1 Water Pipelines Made of Iron and Steel -- 14.3.2 Galvanized Water Pipelines -- 14.3.3 Water Pipelines Made of Copper -- 14.3.4 Water Pipelines Made of Brass -- 15 Cathodic Protection of Pipeline Systems -- 15.1 Measurement of Terrain's Resistivity -- 15.2 Potential Measurements -- 15.2.1 Redox Potential of the Terrain -- 15.2.2 Static Potential & -- On-Off Potentials -- 15.2.3 Measurement of Pipeline/Terrain Potential -- 15.3 Determination of Coating Failures Based on Potential Measurements -- 15.3.1 Determination of Coating Failures Based on the Measured Pipeline /Terrain Potentials -- 15.3.2 Determination of Coating Failures Based on the Pearson Method -- 15.4 Measuring Potential along the Pipeline. ; 15.4.1 Long Cable Method.
• Titolo autorizzato: Cathodic protection
• ISBN: 1-118-73788-1; 1-118-73777-6; 1-118-73794-6
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910813041103321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II