Donations and Tax

• Autore: dos Leonardo Marques
• Pubblicazione: Amsterdam : , : IBFD Publications USA, Incorporated, , 2022; ©2022
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (557 pages)
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- IBFD Doctoral Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- Foreword -- Note to Readers -- List of Abbreviations -- Part I: Introduction -- Chapter 1: The Conundrum -- 1.1. Gifts and donations as a pre-regulatory reality -- 1.2. The subjective benefits of giving -- 1.3. From individuals to corporations -- 1.4. Overcoming the conundrum: A roadmap of the thesis -- Chapter 2: Scope and Objectives -- 2.1. Terminology and descriptive methodology -- 2.2. Object -- 2.3. Goals of the book -- 2.4. Sequence -- Part II: Donations, Governments and Corporations -- Chapter 3: Charitable Donations and Public Policy -- 3.1. The need for regulation in corporate charitable donations and its underlying justification -- 3.1.1. Initial approach -- 3.1.2. Government and market shortages -- 3.1.2.1. The need to respond to shortages of charitable supplies -- 3.1.2.2. Charitable supplies: Material and immaterial -- 3.1.3. Corporate charitable donations as a democratic exercise of promotion of social integration, awareness and socially accepted values -- 3.1.4. Prevention of abuse and reduction of suspicion -- 3.1.4.1. Donor abuse and suspicion regarding abusive practices -- 3.1.4.2. Depletion of public and private resources and distortion of competition -- 3.1.5. Constitutional and international law requirements -- 3.1.6. Reduction of the volume of corporate charitable donations and specific charitable practices -- 3.2. The tax system as an efficient regulatory or policy instrument -- 3.2.1. Introductory notes -- 3.2.2. The tax system and regulatory purposes -- 3.2.3. The underlying rationale of the charitable deduction: A unified theory of corporate charitable donations -- 3.2.4. Rethinking the qualification of philanthropic regimes as tax incentives or tax benefits -- 3.2.5. Exceptionality vis-à-vis structural provisions. ; 3.2.6. Business expenses without a consideration/reciprocation -- 3.2.7. The efficiency of the tax system as a regulatory or policy instrument -- 3.2.7.1. The need for philanthropic regimes as tax frameworks applicable to charitable donations -- 3.2.7.2. The use of the tax system to respond to shortages of charitable supplies -- 3.2.7.3. Corporate charitable donations and happiness -- 3.2.7.4. Corporate charitable donations, social integration and awareness of social issues -- 3.2.7.5. Corporate charitable donations and the promotion of socially accepted values -- 3.2.7.6. Corporate charitable donations and democracy -- 3.2.7.7. The tax system, the prevention of abuse and the need for neutrality -- 3.3. Additional elements -- Chapter 4: Donations and Corporations -- 4.1. Donations as a business tool -- 4.1.1. Introduction -- 4.1.2. A closer relationship between corporations and charities -- 4.1.2.1. Initial approach -- 4.1.2.2. The benefits of corporate social responsibility -- 4.1.2.3. Corporate social responsibility and charitable donations -- 4.2. New philanthropic models -- 4.2.1. Personal preferences and strategic philanthropy -- 4.2.2. New approaches to philanthropy: The new role of charities in today's societies -- 4.3. The economic benefits of corporate charitable donations -- 4.3.1. Corporate giving motivations -- 4.3.2. Motivational case studies -- 4.3.2.1. Philanthropy and patronage as evolving concepts: Effects on donor's motivations -- 4.3.2.2. Motivations -- 4.3.2.2.1. Social convention and commercial practices -- 4.3.2.2.2. Marketing, advertising, overall promotion, networking and public acknowledgement -- 4.3.2.2.3. Whitewashing and greenwashing effects: Halo effect -- 4.3.2.2.4. Motivational instrument towards human resources and head-hunting strategies -- 4.3.2.2.5. Acknowledgement of the quality and necessity of charitable services. ; 4.4. The financial benefits of corporate charitable donations -- 4.5. Deterrents -- 4.5.1. Lack of benefits -- 4.5.2. Emotional and physical fatigue and forced giving or lack of involvement -- 4.5.3. The belief that there is no obligation to donate more -- 4.5.4. Scepticism, distrust and lack of transparency as to the use of the funds donated -- 4.5.5. Lack of alignment with beneficiaries and/or charitable purposes -- 4.5.6. Lack of time -- 4.5.7. Unfavourable tax framework -- Part III: Legal Constraints on the Design and Drafting of Philanthropic Regimes -- Chapter 5: The Impact of Constitutional and International Law -- 5.1. Constitutional law constraints -- 5.1.1. Introductory notes -- 5.1.2. Obligation to implement philanthropic regimes and the legal qualification of reliefs -- 5.1.2.1. The ability-to-pay principle: Business-driven donations -- 5.1.2.2. Tax base refinements and mandatory features of the tax system -- 5.1.3. Constitutional restrictions on philanthropic regimes -- 5.1.3.1. Restrictions based on equality -- 5.1.3.2. Restriction of social rights -- 5.2. Corporate charitable donations and international law -- 5.2.1. Initial approach -- 5.2.2. The territorial link of philanthropic regimes -- 5.2.3. EU primary law -- 5.2.3.1. From Stauffer to Persche -- 5.2.3.2. The importance of the substitutive effect of charities regarding governmental functions -- 5.2.3.3. Acceptable cases of territorial restrictions in the ECJ's case law: From Stauffer to X -- 5.2.3.4. The roadmap for territorial restrictions -- 5.2.3.5. Charitable donations to third countries under the free movement of capital -- 5.2.3.6. The object of the donations -- 5.2.3.7. The concept of consideration: The court's contribution -- 5.2.3.8. State aid -- 5.2.4. Tax and estate, inheritance and gift treaties -- 5.2.4.1. Tax Treaties and cross-border corporate charitable donations. ; 5.2.4.2. The deductibility non-discrimination provision: Application to corporate charitable donations -- 5.2.5. Globalization and law -- Part IV: Tax Policy and Design: In Search of a Balanced Framework -- Chapter 6: How Governments Should Draft Their Philanthropic Regimes -- 6.1. A design and drafting methodology -- 6.2. Four essential questions -- 6.3. The five fundamental premises -- 6.3.1. First premise: Clarity as to the function, purpose and significance of each provision -- 6.3.2. Second premise: Societal sensitivity -- 6.3.3. Third premise: The acknowledgement that donations are multi-functional instruments -- 6.3.4. Fourth premise: A balance between the achievement of charitable functions and the prevention of out-of-system situations -- 6.3.5. Fifth premise: Efficiency -- 6.4. An absolute need to obtain further information -- 6.5. The concept of corporate charitable donations -- 6.5.1. Features of the concept -- 6.5.2. Meaning of voluntary and final transfer -- 6.5.2.1. Freedom to donate: The sliding scale -- 6.5.2.2. A final transfer -- 6.5.2.2.1. Non-refundable nature of corporate charitable donations -- 6.5.2.2.2. Conditions -- 6.5.3. The object of the donation -- 6.5.3.1. Admissible donation objects -- 6.5.3.2. Non-monetary donations -- 6.5.3.2.1. Overview of the existing issues -- 6.5.3.2.2. In favour of in-kind donations -- 6.5.3.2.3. Regulatory models and ways of dealing with existing issues -- 6.5.3.2.4. The proposed solution to the appraisal of in-kind donations -- 6.5.3.2.5. Specific cases -- 6.5.3.2.5.1. Usufruct, partial interest and other assignments of use -- 6.5.3.2.5.2. Auctions and discounts -- 6.5.3.2.5.3. Debt forgiveness and free loans -- 6.5.3.2.5.4. Volunteer work -- 6.5.3.2.5.5. Donation of services tout court -- 6.5.3.2.5.6. Donations of inventory -- 6.5.4. The appraisal of in-kind charitable donations. ; 6.5.4.1. Introduction and proposed approach: The fair market value -- 6.5.4.2. The relevance of the appraisal method suggested -- 6.5.4.3. Meaning of fair market value -- 6.5.4.4. Fairness to the donor -- 6.5.4.5. The donor's ability to pay -- 6.5.4.6. A balance between neutrality and the achievement of charitable functions: Non-monetary and monetary donations -- 6.5.4.7. A potential double-dip effect: The case of assets subject to a fast depreciation rate -- 6.5.4.8. Safe harbours -- 6.5.4.9. Simplification measures: Official quotationsor other official values -- 6.5.5. Parties to corporate charitable donations -- 6.5.5.1. The baseline -- 6.5.5.2. Charitable donations from a financial standpoint: A multilateral relationship -- 6.5.5.2.1. First approach: A non-legal/non-tax perspective -- 6.5.5.2.2. Donors and beneficiaries -- 6.5.5.2.3. Taxpayers and governments -- 6.5.5.2.4. Shareholders and customers -- 6.5.5.3. Charitable donations from a tax standpoint: A bilateral relationship -- 6.5.5.3.1. The baseline -- 6.5.5.3.2. The first and second parties -- 6.5.5.3.3. The third and fourth parties -- 6.5.5.3.4. The fifth party -- 6.5.5.4. The donors -- 6.5.5.4.1. The criterion to qualify as a corporate donor -- 6.5.5.4.2. Donors' motives and profiles -- 6.5.5.5. Beneficiaries -- 6.5.5.5.1. Eligible beneficiaries and the allocation to charitable purposes -- 6.5.5.5.2. Legal entities v. individuals -- 6.5.5.5.3. Legal personality -- 6.5.5.5.3.1. Suggested approach: Existence of tax personality -- 6.5.5.5.3.2. Ring-fenced parts of a legal entity as eligible beneficiaries -- 6.5.5.5.4. The profitability profiles -- 6.5.5.5.5. Eligibility requirements: Approval of projects and name-by-name lists -- 6.5.5.5.6. Residency of the beneficiary -- 6.5.6. Charitable functions and charitable purposes -- 6.5.6.1. Introductory notes. ; 6.5.6.2. Eligible charitable purposes.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book focuses on the concept and functions of corporate charitable donations, exploring the tax policy factors to consider in the design of philanthropic regimes.
• Titolo autorizzato: Donations and Tax
• ISBN: 9789087227517; 9789087227500
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910795992903321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: IBFD Doctoral