Human Microbiome in Health, Disease, and Therapy

• Autore: Veera Bramhachari Pallaval
• Pubblicazione: Singapore : , : Springer, , 2024; ©2023
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (330 pages)
• Disciplina: 616.9041
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Editor and Contributors -- About the Editor -- Contributors -- Abbreviations -- 1: A Scoping Review of Research on the Unfolding Human Microbiome Landscape in the Metagenomics Era -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Microbiome as a Precision Medicine Frontier -- 1.3 Significance of the Human Microbiome Project -- 1.3.1 Human Microbiome Research: Mounting Pains and Future Promises -- 1.3.2 Human Microbiome Landscape in the Metagenomic Era -- 1.3.3 The Way Forward -- 1.4 Challenges and Future Directions -- References -- Part I: Human Gut Microbiome Interactions -- 2: Elucidating the Role of Gut-Brain-Axis in Neuropsychiatric and Neurological Disorders -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Human Gut Microbiota -- 2.3 Gut Microbiota and Brain Function -- 2.4 Factors Influencing the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis -- 2.4.1 Host Genetics -- 2.4.2 Mode of Delivery at Birth -- 2.4.3 Diet -- 2.4.4 Physical Exercise -- 2.4.5 Consumption of Medicines -- 2.4.6 Stress -- 2.4.7 Environment -- 2.4.8 Circadian Rhythms -- 2.4.9 Consumption of Alcohol -- 2.5 Meta-Omics and Gut Microbiota Analysis -- 2.6 The Emerging Role of the Gut-Brain Axis -- 2.7 Human Diseases and Gut-Brain-Axis -- 2.7.1 Gut-Brain Axis and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) -- 2.7.2 Gut-Brain Axis and Depression -- 2.7.3 Gut-Brain Axis and Schizophrenia -- 2.7.4 Gut-Brain Axis and Bipolar Disorder (BD) -- 2.7.5 Gut-Brain Axis and Addiction -- 2.7.6 Gut-Brain Axis and Parkinson's Disease -- 2.7.7 Gut-Brain Axis and Anxiety -- 2.7.8 Gut-Brain Axis and Anorexia Nervosa -- 2.7.9 Gut-Brain Axis and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) -- 2.7.10 Gut-Brain Axis and Multiple Sclerosis(MS) -- 2.8 Gut Microbiota-Inflammasome-Brain Axis -- 2.9 Modulation of Gut Microbiome Using Probiotics and Prebiotics -- 2.10 Conclusions -- References. ; 3: Role of Gut Microbiome Composition in Shaping Host Immune System Development and Health -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Intestinal Microbiota and Host Immunity -- 3.3 Gut Microbiota Metabolism -- 3.3.1 Retinoic Acid (RA) Metabolism -- 3.3.2 Tryptophan Metabolism -- 3.3.3 Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Metabolism -- 3.3.4 Bile Acids Metabolism -- 3.3.5 Choline Metabolism -- 3.4 Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Disease -- 3.4.1 IBD -- 3.4.2 Colorectal Cancer (CRC) -- 3.4.3 Obesity -- 3.4.4 Diabetes -- 3.4.4.1 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) -- 3.4.4.2 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus -- 3.4.5 Irritable Bowel Syndrome -- 3.4.6 Diarrhea -- 3.5 Redirecting Gut Microbiome to Modulate Host Immunity and Health -- 3.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- References -- 4: Understanding the Probiotics and Mechanism of Immunomodulation Interactions with the Gut-Related Immune System -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Influence of Human Intestinal Microbiota on the Health of the Human Host -- 4.2.1 Augmentation of the Epithelial Barrier -- 4.2.2 Enhanced Adhesion to the Intestinal Mucosa -- 4.2.3 Competitive Exclusion of Pathogenic Microorganisms -- 4.2.4 Development of Anti-microorganism Substances -- 4.2.5 Probiotics and Immune Cells -- 4.2.6 Molecular Biological Methods for Studying Probiotics -- 4.3 Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- 5: Antimicrobial Agents Induced Microbiome Dysbiosis Its Impact on Immune System and Metabolic Health -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Antibiotic-Induced Microbiome Alterations -- 5.3 Antimicrobial Agents-Induced Changes in the Microbiome Impact on Immune and Metabolic Health -- 5.4 Conclusion -- References -- 6: Nutritional Modulation of Gut Microbiota Alleviates Metabolic and Neurological Disorders -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Carbohydrates -- 6.3 Impact of Sugars on Microbiota. ; 6.3.1 Sugar Intake and Regulation of Colonization -- 6.3.2 Formation of Glycoconjugates -- 6.3.3 Formation of Biofilms and Flagella -- 6.3.4 High Sugar Consumption and Microbial Dysbiosis -- 6.3.5 Sugars, Gut Microbiome, and Host Health -- 6.4 Proteins -- 6.4.1 Source of Protein and Gut Microbial Framework -- 6.4.2 Amino Acids Influencing Gut Microbiota and Host Health -- 6.4.3 Protein Metabolites in the Gut and Host Health -- 6.5 Fats -- 6.5.1 High Intake of Fat, Microbial Dysbiosis, and Host Health -- 6.5.2 Impact of the Source of Fat on Gut Microbiota -- 6.6 Vitamins -- 6.6.1 Water-Soluble Vitamins -- 6.6.2 Fat-Soluble Vitamins -- 6.7 Minerals -- 6.8 Dietary Fiber -- 6.9 Biological Effects of SCFAs -- 6.9.1 SCFAs and Host Mucus Production -- 6.9.2 SCFAs and Histone Deacetylase -- 6.9.3 SCFAs in Glucose Homeostasis and Appetite Control -- 6.9.4 SCFAs and Tight Junction Proteins -- 6.9.5 SCFAs and Protection from Susceptibility to Infections -- 6.10 Types of Fiber and Effects on Gut Microbial Diversity -- 6.11 Fiber and Host Health -- 6.11.1 Type2 DM -- 6.11.2 Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome -- 6.11.3 Musculoskeletal Health -- 6.11.4 Colonic Health and Colon Cancer -- 6.11.5 Secondary Responses to Fiber Consumption -- 6.12 Probiotics -- 6.12.1 Probiotics and Metabolic Disorders -- 6.12.2 Probiotics and Gut-Brain Axis Imbalance and Cognitive Decline -- 6.12.3 Probiotics and Colon Cancers -- 6.12.4 Probiotics and Other Diseases -- 6.13 Polyphenols -- 6.13.1 Dietary Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota -- 6.13.2 Quorum Quenching (QQ) Mechanism -- 6.13.3 Dietary Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota-Associated Health Benefits -- 6.14 Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- References -- 7: Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Human Gut Microbiome: Association with Disease and Scope for Therapeutic Intervention -- 7.1 Introduction. ; 7.2 The Gut Microbiota -- 7.2.1 The Intestinal Epithelial Barrier -- 7.2.2 Effect of Intestinal Microbiome on HCC Progression -- 7.2.3 Obesity -- 7.2.4 Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) -- 7.2.5 Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) -- 7.2.6 Gut Microbiota, PCOS, and MAFLD -- 7.2.7 Cirrhosis -- 7.3 Strategies by Which the Gut Microbiome Mediates the Progression of Hepatocarcinogenesis -- 7.3.1 Bile Acids -- 7.3.2 Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) -- 7.3.3 Mycotoxicosis -- 7.3.4 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors -- 7.3.5 HCC and Bacterial Metabolites -- 7.4 Early Diagnosis and Possible Future Therapeutic Interventions for HCC -- 7.4.1 Probiotics and HCC -- 7.4.2 Prebiotics and HCC -- 7.4.3 HCC and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) -- 7.4.4 Antibiotics and HCC -- 7.4.5 Gut Microbiome and Early Diagnosis of HCC -- 7.5 Conclusion and Future Directions -- References -- 8: Influence of Intestinal Microbiomes on COVID Progression and Its Effects by Immunotherapeutic Modulation -- 8.1 Microbiome -- 8.2 Microbiomes of Infectious Disease -- 8.3 Effects of the Microbiome in the COVID-19 Infection -- 8.4 Variations in the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Microbiomes in the COVID-19 Patients -- 8.5 Impact of COVID-19 Infection on the Intestinal Microbiome -- 8.6 The Intestinal Dysbiosis Associated with COVID-19 Severity -- 8.7 Dysbiosis in the Fecal Microbiome of COVID-19 Patients -- 8.8 Therapeutic Modulation of the Microbiome and Its Effects -- 8.8.1 Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in COVID-19 Patients -- 8.8.2 Prebiotics -- 8.8.3 Probiotics -- 8.8.4 The Gut-Associated Peptide Reg3g Connects the Microbiota of the Small Intestine to the Control of Energy Homeostasis, Blood Sugar Levels, and Gastrointestinal Activity -- 8.8.5 Microbe-Microbe Interactions -- 8.9 Conclusion. ; 8.9.1 The Microbiome Is an Extraordinary Helper: We Must Nurture Our Bodies' Microbes -- References -- Part II: Breast Milk, Skin and Urinary Microbiomes -- 9: The Human Breast Milk Microbiome: Establishment and Resilience of Microbiota over the Mother-Infant Relationship -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Human Breast Milk (HBM) Microbiome and Its Importance -- 9.3 Bacteria -- 9.4 Viruses -- 9.5 Archaea -- 9.6 Microeukaryotes -- 9.7 Origin of Milk Microbiome -- 9.8 Potential Factors Influencing Milk Microbiome -- 9.9 Mode of Delivery -- 9.10 Global Variation in Dominant Bacterial Taxa -- 9.11 Potential Factors to Modulate Milk Microbiota -- 9.12 Role of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in HBM Microbiota (Their Involvement in the Vertical Transfer of Gut Microbiota) -- 9.13 Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- References -- 10: The Dynamics of Skin Microbiome: Association of Microbiota with Skin Disorders and Therapeutic Interventions -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 The Components of the Skin Microbiome -- 10.3 The Skin Microbiome-Immune System Interplay -- 10.4 Dysbiosis: The Common Anomaly in Skin Abnormalities -- 10.5 The Cross Talk of Skin Microbiome and Living Environment -- 10.6 Implications of Cosmetic Products on Skin Microbiota -- 10.7 Therapeutic Interventions Mediating Skin Rebiosis -- 10.8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- References -- 11: Advances in Human Urinary Microbiome: A Role Beyond Infections -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 The Human Urinary Microbiome: An Unexpected Niche Becomes the Center of Interest -- 11.2.1 The Urinary Tract's Environmental Niche -- 11.2.2 The Urinary Microbiome Differs Between Populations -- 11.2.2.1 Gender -- 11.2.2.2 Age -- 11.3 How Do We Sample the Microbiota of Human Urine? -- 11.3.1 Urine Microbial Culturing -- 11.3.2 Urinary Microbiome Metagenomic Sequencing. ; 11.3.3 The Human UT Microbiome's Taxonomic Profile.
• Titolo autorizzato: Human Microbiome in Health, Disease, and Therapy
• ISBN: 9789819951147; 9789819951130
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910770245303321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II