Postharvest physiology and biochemistry of fruits and vegetables / / editor, Elhadi M. Yahia ; associate editor, Armando Carrillo-Lopez

• Pubblicazione: Duxford, England : , : Woodhead Publishing, , 2019
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (494 pages)
• Disciplina: 572.2
• Soggetto topico: Botanical chemistry
• Persona (resp. second.): YahiaElhadi M.; Carrillo LópezArmando
• Nota di contenuto: Front Cover -- Postharvest Physiology and Biochemistry of Fruits and Vegetables -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Foreword -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Importance of Fruits and Vegetables in Human Nutrition and Health -- 1.3 Fruit and Vegetable Development -- 1.4 Postharvest Physiology and Biochemistry -- 1.5 Biochemical Parameters of Horticultural Crop Quality -- 1.6 Postharvest Factors Affecting Fruit Physiology and Biochemistry -- 1.7 Molecular Biology and Biotechnology -- 1.8 Research on Postharvest Physiology and Biochemistry -- 1.9 Conclusions -- Further Reading -- 2 Contribution of Fruits and Vegetables to Human Nutrition and Health -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Health-Promoting Components in Fruits and Vegetables -- 2.2.1 Dietary Fiber -- 2.2.2 Vitamins -- 2.2.3 Minerals -- 2.2.4 Carotenoids -- 2.2.5 Phytoesterols -- 2.2.6 Phenolic Compounds -- 2.3 Contribution of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption to the Prevention of Various Diseases -- 2.3.1 Cancer -- 2.3.1.1 Chemoprevention of Carcinogenesis by Phytochemicals -- 2.3.2 Cardiovascular Disease -- 2.3.2.1 Hypertension -- 2.3.2.2 Chronic Heart Failure -- 2.3.3 Diabetes Mellitus -- 2.3.4 Overweight and Obesity -- 2.3.5 Pulmonary Health -- 2.3.6 Bone Health -- 2.3.7 Cataracts and Eye Health -- 2.3.8 Arthritis -- 2.3.9 Birth Defects -- 2.3.10 Diverticulosis -- 2.3.11 Skin Diseases -- 2.3.12 Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 2.4 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Further Reading -- 3 Photosynthesis -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Leaf and Its Structure -- 3.2.1 Mesophyll Cells and Stomata -- 3.2.2 Chloroplasts -- 3.3 Light Absorption -- 3.3.1 Pigments and Photosynthesis -- 3.3.2 Photosystems -- 3.4 Light-Dependent Reaction in Photosynthesis -- 3.4.1 Cyclic and Noncyclic Photophosphorylation -- 3.4.2 Cyclic Photophosphorylation. ; 3.4.3 Noncyclic Photophosphorylation -- 3.5 Carbon Dioxide Fixation (Photosynthesis C3) -- 3.6 Photorespiration (Also Called Photosynthesis C2) -- 3.7 Photosynthesis C4 and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism -- 3.7.1 C4 Photosynthetic Metabolism -- 3.7.2 Crassulacean Acid Metabolism -- 3.8 Photosynthetic Adaptations to Different Environmental Conditions -- 3.8.1 Light Quality (Wavelength) -- 3.8.2 Light Intensity (Brightness) -- 3.8.3 Duration of Light (Photoperiod) -- 3.8.4 Concentration of Carbon Dioxide -- 3.8.5 Temperature -- 3.8.6 Availability of Water and Nutrients -- 3.8.7 Photosynthetic Groups Around the World -- 3.9 Photosynthesis in Fruits -- 3.10 Measurements of Photosynthetic Activity -- Further Reading -- 4 Respiratory Metabolism -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Control of Respiratory Metabolism -- 4.2.1 Temperature -- 4.2.2 Altered Gaseous Atmospheres -- 4.2.2.1 Controlled and Modified Atmosphere Storage -- 4.2.2.2 Lower Pressure Storage -- 4.3 Measuring Respiration -- 4.3.1 The Static System -- 4.3.2 The Flow-Through System -- 4.4 Respiratory Quotient -- 4.5 Primary Reaction of Respiratory Metabolism -- 4.5.1 Glycolysis -- 4.5.2 Pentose-Phosphate Shunt -- 4.5.3 Acetyl-Coenzyme A -- 4.5.4 Synthesis of Fatty Acids -- 4.5.5 Anaerobic Respiration -- 4.5.6 Citric Acid Cycle -- 4.5.7 Chemiosmotic Phosphorylation (Aka Electron Transport) -- 4.6 Factors Affecting Respiratory Metabolism -- 4.6.1 Maturity and Fruit Ripening -- 4.6.2 Biotic and Abiotic Stresses -- 4.6.3 Chilling and Freezing Temperatures -- 4.7 Conclusion -- References -- Further Reading -- 5 Biology and Biochemistry of Ethylene -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Ethylene Biosynthesis, Perception, and Signal Transduction -- 5.2.1 The Ethylene Biosynthetic Pathway: Yang's Cycle -- 5.2.2 Ethylene Perception and Signal Transduction -- 5.2.3 Ethylene Quantification. ; 5.3 Ethylene Physiology and Crosstalk With Other Hormones During Postharvest -- 5.4 The Impact of Postharvest Conditions on Ethylene Physiology -- 5.4.1 Temperature -- 5.4.2 Atmosphere Composition -- 5.4.3 Other Postharvest Treatments -- 5.4.4 Specific Inhibitors of Ethylene Biosynthesis and Perception -- 5.5 Biotechnological Approaches -- References -- Further Reading -- 6 Morphology and Anatomy -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Structural Organization of Plants (Root and Shoot Systems) -- 6.3 Fruit and Vegetable Anatomy -- 6.3.1 Dermal System -- 6.3.1.1 Epidermal Cells -- 6.3.1.2 The Cuticular Membrane -- 6.3.1.3 The Trichomes -- 6.3.1.4 The Stomata -- 6.3.1.5 The Lenticels -- 6.3.2 Ground System -- 6.3.2.1 Parenchyma Tissue -- 6.3.2.2 Collenchyma Tissue -- 6.3.2.3 Sclerenchyma Tissue -- 6.3.3 Vascular System -- 6.3.3.1 Xylem -- 6.3.3.2 Phloem -- 6.4 The Root -- 6.5 The Stem -- 6.6 The Leaf -- 6.7 The Fruit -- 6.7.1 Parts of the Fruit -- 6.7.1.1 The Pericarp -- The Epicarp -- The Mesocarp -- The Endocarp -- 6.7.1.2 The Seed -- 6.7.2 Classification of Fruits -- 6.8 Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Further Reading -- 7 Ripening and Senescence -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Regulation of Fruit Ripening -- 7.2.1 Climacteric and Nonclimacteric Ripening -- 7.2.2 Ethylene Biosynthesis and Perception -- 7.2.3 Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation -- 7.2.4 Interaction With Plant Hormones -- 7.3 Ethylene-Dependent and -Independent Fruit-Ripening Events -- 7.4 Changes in Fruit Color -- 7.4.1 Chlorophylls -- 7.4.2 Carotenoids -- 7.4.3 Anthocyanins -- 7.5 Fruit Softening -- 7.6 Flavor and Aroma Volatiles -- 7.7 Organic Acids -- 7.8 Carbohydrate Metabolism -- 7.9 Vitamins -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- 8 Transpiration -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Physical Properties of Water -- 8.3 Physics of Water Loss. ; 8.4 Transpiration of Fruits and Vegetables Attached to the Plant -- 8.5 Transpiration of Fruits and Vegetables After Harvest -- 8.6 Measurement of Transpiration in Fruits and Vegetables -- 8.7 Factors that Affect Postharvest Transpiration -- 8.8 Environmental Factors -- 8.9 Biological Factors -- 8.9.1 Fruit Size -- 8.9.2 Surface Area/Weight Ratio -- 8.9.3 Stage of Development/Maturity Stage -- 8.9.4 Epidermis (Skin) -- 8.9.5 Injuries, Wounds, and Cracks -- 8.9.6 Presence of Leaves, Stems, Flowers, or Calyx Attached to Commodities -- 8.9.7 Cultivars -- 8.9.8 Storage -- 8.10 Control of Transpiration -- 8.10.1 Storage -- 8.10.2 Surface Coatings -- 8.10.3 Polymeric Films -- References -- 9 Carbohydrates -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Types -- 9.2.1 Reducing and Nonreducing Sugars -- 9.2.2 Monosaccharides -- 9.2.3 Oligosaccharides -- 9.2.3.1 Disaccharides -- 9.2.3.2 Trisaccharides -- 9.2.3.3 Tetrasaccharides -- 9.2.3.4 Pentasaccharides -- 9.2.4 Polysaccharides -- 9.2.4.1 Starch -- 9.2.4.2 Pectic Substances -- 9.2.4.3 Cellulose -- 9.2.4.4 Hemicelluloses -- 9.2.4.5 Inulin -- 9.2.5 Sugar Derivatives -- 9.2.5.1 Acid Sugars -- 9.2.5.2 Sugar Alcohols or Polyols -- 9.2.5.3 Phosphate Sugars -- 9.2.5.4 Glycosides -- 9.2.5.5 Sugar-Coated Nucleotides (Nucleotide Sugars) -- 9.3 Synthesis of Carbohydrates -- 9.3.1 Hexoses -- 9.3.2 Sucrose -- 9.3.3 Starch -- 9.3.4 Cellulose -- 9.3.5 Hemicelluloses -- 9.3.6 Pectic Substances -- 9.4 Changes During Fruit Development and Ripening -- 9.5 Interconversion of Carbohydrates -- 9.5.1 Degradation and Losses During Respiration -- 9.5.2 Degradation of Starch to Sugars -- 9.5.3 Conversion of Sugars to Starch -- 9.5.4 Conversion of Sucrose to Reducing Sugars -- 9.5.5 Increases in Cellulose -- 9.5.6 Degradation of Cellulose to Glucose -- 9.5.7 Solubilization of Pectins -- 9.5.7.1 Polygalacturonases -- 9.5.7.2 Pectin Methyl Esterases. ; 9.5.7.3 β-Galactosidases -- 9.5.7.4 Galactanases -- 9.5.7.5 Rhamnogalacturonases -- 9.5.7.6 Xylanases -- 9.5.7.7 Xiloglucanases -- 9.6 Carbohydrates in Fruits and Vegetables, and Health Issues -- 9.6.1 The Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load -- 9.6.2 Insulin Index -- 9.6.3 Starch-Polyphenol Interactions -- 9.6.4 Fruits and Vegetables as Sources of Fiber -- 9.6.4.1 Dietary Fiber -- 9.6.4.2 Composition of Dietary Fiber -- 9.6.4.3 Dietary Fiber in Fruits and Vegetables -- 9.6.4.4 Physiological Effects on Human Health -- 9.6.4.5 Dietary Fiber-Phenolic Compound Interactions -- 9.6.4.6 Recommended Fiber Intake -- 9.7 Conclusions -- Further Reading -- 10 Organic Acids -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Important Organic Acids in Different Fruits and Vegetables -- 10.3 Metabolic Pathways for Organic Acids in Horticultural Commodities -- 10.3.1 Synthesis of Organic Acids -- 10.3.2 Degradation of Organic Acids -- 10.3.3 Conversion Between Di- and Tricarboxylic Acids -- 10.3.3.1 The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in the Mitochondria -- 10.3.3.2 The Glyoxylate Cycle -- 10.3.4 Metabolism of Other Organic Acids -- 10.4 Organic Acids in C4 and CAM plants -- 10.5 Influence of Preharvest Factors on Organic Acid Accumulation in Horticultural Commodities -- 10.5.1 Temperature and Light -- 10.5.2 Mineral Nutrition -- 10.5.3 Water Availability -- 10.5.4 Source:Sink Ratio -- 10.6 Influence of Postharvest Factors on Organic Acid Accumulation in Horticultural Commodities -- 10.6.1 Irradiation -- 10.6.2 Modified Atmospheres -- 10.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- 11 Pigments -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Chlorophylls -- 11.3 Carotenoids -- 11.4 Flavonoids -- 11.5 Betalains -- 11.6 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Further Reading -- 12 Phenolic Compounds -- 12.1 Introduction. ; 12.2 Structure, Classification, and Occurrence of Phenolic Compounds.
• Sommario/riassunto: Postharvest Physiology and Biochemistry of Fruits and Vegetables presents an updated, interrelated and sequenced view of the contribution of fruits and vegetables on human health, their aspects of plant metabolism, physical and chemical/compositional changes during the entire fruit development lifecycle, the physiological disorders and biochemical effects of modified/controlled atmospheres, and the biotechnology of horticultural crops. The book is written specifically for those interested in preharvest and postharvest crop science and the impact of physiological and biochemical changes on their roles as functional foods.--
• Titolo autorizzato: Postharvest physiology and biochemistry of fruits and vegetables
• ISBN: 0-12-813279-5; 0-12-813278-7
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910583352703321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II