Epigenetic toxicology : core principles and applications / / editors, Shaun D. McCullough, Dana C. Dolinoy

• Pubblicazione: London : , : Academic Press, , [2019]; ©2019
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (430 pages)
• Disciplina: 572.865
• Soggetto topico: Epigenetics; Toxicology; Epigenesis, Genetic; Environmental Pollutants - toxicity; Toxicogenetics - methods; Epigenomics - methods
• Persona (resp. second.): McCulloughShaun D.; DolinoyDana C.
• Nota di contenuto: Front Cover -- Toxicoepigenetics: Core Principles and Applications -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Editors' Biography -- Introduction to the Role of the Epigenome in Health and Disease -- Section 1: Histone Modifications and Chromatin Structure -- Chapter 1-1: Role of Histone Acetylation and Acetyltransferases in Gene Regulation -- Introduction -- History and Overview -- Nucleosome Assembly -- Chromatin Folding -- Gene Expression -- DNA Damage Repair -- Toxicoepigenetic Relevance -- Histone Acetyltransferases -- Families and Structures -- Regulation of HATs -- Transcriptional Activation -- HAT Complexes -- SAGA Transcription Regulatory Complex -- NuA4 Transcription Regulatory Complex -- Elongator Complex -- Chromatin Remodeling Complexes -- Global Histone Acetylation -- Role of Histone Acetyltransferases in Gene Activation -- Recruitment of Transcriptional Machinery -- Active Genes -- Inducible/Repressed Genes -- Environmental Exposure -- Histone Deacetylases -- Families -- Catalytic Mechanisms and Structures -- Regulation of HDAC Activity -- Role of HDACs at Active Genes -- Deacetylation and Gene Repression -- HDAC Complexes -- Conclusion and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 1-2: The Role of Histone Methylation and Methyltransferases in Gene Regulation -- Introduction -- Site Specificity of Histone Methylation -- Lysine Methylation -- H2BK5 Methylation -- H3K4 Methylation -- H3K9 Methylation -- H3K27 Methylation -- H3K36 Methylation -- H3K79 Methylation -- H4K20 Methylation -- H4K5 Methylation -- Arginine Methylation -- Glutamine Methylation -- Regulation of Histone Methylation -- Posttranscriptional Modifications -- Noncoding RNAs -- Regulation of Xenobiotic Biotransformation-Related Genes by Histone Methylation -- Histone Methylation and Human Diseases -- Histone Methylation and Cancer. ; Histone Methylation and Neurological Disorders -- Histone Methylation and Other Diseases -- Histone Methylation and the Toxicity of Chemicals -- Heavy Metals -- Endocrine Disruptors (EDCs) -- Human Genotoxic Chemical Carcinogens From Occupational and Environmental Exposure -- Other Xenobiotics -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 1-3: Chromatin Accessibility as a Strategy to Detect Changes Associated With Development, Disease, and Exposure a ... -- Chromatin Accessibility as a Marker of Cell Lineage -- Methods for Determining Chromatin Architecture and Accessibility -- DNase I Hypersensitivity Assays -- Micrococcal Nuclease Assays -- Formaldehyde Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements (FAIRE) -- Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin (ATAC) -- Nucleosome Occupancy and Methylome Sequencing (NOMe-seq) -- Single Cell Assays for Determining Chromatin Accessibility in Heterogenous Cell Populations -- Chromatin Accessibility and Disease -- Understanding How Environmental Factors Influence Chromatin Accessibility -- Chromatin Accessibility and Cancer -- Chromatin Signature as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target in Cancer -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 1-4: Implications for Chromatin Biology in Toxicology -- Changes in Chromatin Modification States Are Important in Aging and the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease -- Mechanisms by Which Toxicant Exposures Alter the Chromatin Landscape -- Repressive Histone Marks and Polycomb Group Proteins -- Xenoestrogens -- Arsenic -- COMPASS Complex -- Xenoestrogens -- Arsenic -- The Histone Methyltransferase G9a -- Phthalates -- Arsenic -- Histone Acetylation -- Organotins -- Phthalates -- Dioxin -- Lead -- Chromium -- Arsenic -- Applications of Chromatin Biology to Toxicological Studies -- Summary -- References -- Section 2: DNA Methylation. ; Chapter 2-1: The Role of DNA Methylation in Gene Regulation -- Chapter Overview -- Introduction -- Mechanisms of DNA Methylation -- De Novo DNA Methylation -- Maintenance DNA Methylation -- DNA Methylation Patterns and the Developing Organism -- X-Chromosome Inactivation -- Imprinted Genes and Development -- Transposable Elements -- DNA Methylation as a Regulator of Gene Expression -- DNA Methylation in Gene Promoters Affects Transcription Factor Binding and Vice Versa -- DNA Methylation Recruits Methyl-CpG Binding Proteins and Remodels Chromatin -- DNA Methylation in the Gene Body Impacts Transcription -- DNA Demethylation -- TET-Mediated Oxidation and Demethylation -- Applications of DNA Methylation in Understanding and Treating Disease -- Environmental Links to DNA Methylation -- DNA Methylation as a Biomarker for Identifying and Understanding Disease -- DNA Methylation in Disease Therapy -- References -- Chapter 2-2: Implications of DNA Methylation in Toxicology -- Introduction -- Detection of DNA Methylation -- Bisulfite Methods of DNA Methylation Detection -- Direct Methods of Locus-Specific or Global DNA Methylation Detection -- Direct Methods of Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Detection -- Principles of DNA Methylation Modification -- Conservation of DNA Methylation Dynamics -- Diet-Induced Changes to DNA Methylation -- Evolutionary Conservation in Diet and DNA Methylation -- Background Diet Considerations in Rodents -- Caloric Restriction and DNA Methylation -- Macronutrient Restriction -- Macronutrient Shifts -- Micronutrient or Trace Mineral Deficiencies -- Pharmaceuticals -- Metals -- Metals as Toxicants -- High Density Metals -- Light Metals -- Organic Toxicants -- Nonchemical Stress -- Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 2-3: DNA Methylation as a Biomarker in Environmental Epidemiology. ; Methylomics as a Potential Biomarker for Both Disease and Toxic Exposures -- Methylomics of WBCs in Relation to Disease Causation and Toxic Exposures -- Methodological Considerations in Methylome-Wide Association Studies -- Platforms That Assess Single-Base Resolution Methylation -- Array-Based: MethylationEPIC BeadChip (Infinium) Microarray -- Next-Generation Sequencing -- Preprocessing and Normalization -- MethylationEPIC BeadChip (Infinium) Microarray -- Bisulfite Sequencing -- Addressing Confounding -- Inclusion of Technical Replicates -- Calculation for Differentially Methylated Sites -- Calculation for Differentially Methylated Regions -- Methylomics as a Potential Biomarker for Both Disease and Toxic Exposures -- Example: Smoking and AHRR Methylation -- Example: Air Pollution and DNA Methylation -- Example: Biological Aging as Measured by the Epigenetic Clock -- Example: VTRNA2-1 as a Metastable Epiallele -- Example: Epigenetic Pathway Linking Prenatal Maternal Stress and Wheeze in Children -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2-4: DNA Hydroxymethylation: Implications for Toxicology and Epigenetic Epidemiology -- Introduction -- Chemistry of DNA Hydroxymethylation -- The Sixth-Base of Cytosine -- Distribution of 5-hmC in the Genome -- Changes in 5-hmC Level During Development -- Measurement of 5-hmC -- Global 5-hmC Measurement -- Locus-Specific 5-hmC Measurement -- DNA Immunoprecipitation (DIP) -- Enzymatic and Chemical Modifications -- Single Molecule Detection -- Exposures to Environmental Toxicants/Stressors and Changes in 5-hmC -- Heavy Metals -- Environmental Estrogens -- Air Pollutants -- Pesticides -- Ionizing Radiation -- Lifestyle -- Aging -- Discussion and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Section 3: Noncoding RNAs -- Chapter 3-1: The Role of Noncoding RNAs in Gene Regulation -- Introduction. ; Overview of Noncoding RNAs -- Transfer and Ribosomal RNA -- Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) -- Competitive Endogenous RNA -- Long Intervening Noncoding RNA -- Enhancer RNA -- Short Noncoding RNA -- Piwi-Interacting RNA -- Small Nuclear RNA -- Short Nucleolar RNA -- MicroRNA -- Short Interfering RNA -- MicroRNA Discovery -- MicroRNA Biogenesis and Regulation -- Pri-miRNA Transcription and Regulation -- Pri-miRNA Processing and Nuclear Export -- Maturation of miRNA RISC Formation -- Regulation of Mature miRNA by ceRNA -- Biological Roles of MicroRNA -- Gene Target Silencing -- Target Degradation Pathway -- Translational Repression -- miRNA-Mediated Gene Target Upregulation -- Enhanced Biological Impact of miRNAs Through Feedback Loops -- Positive Feedback Loop -- Negative Feedback Loop -- Switching Loops -- Biofluid-Based Biomarkers and Cell Communication -- Concluding Remarks and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3-2: miRNAs and lncRNAs as Biomarkers of Toxicant Exposure -- Introduction -- miRNAs and Toxicological Response to Chemicals -- Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals and Altered miRNA Profile -- Bisphenol A -- Phthalates -- Exposure to Metals -- Exposure to Particles -- Nanoparticles -- Cigarette Smoking -- lncRNAs and Toxicological Response to Chemicals -- Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals and Altered lncRNA Profile -- Bisphenol A -- Exposure to Metals and lncRNA Expression -- Cigarette Smoking and lncRNA Profile -- Summary -- References -- Further Reading -- Section 4: Special Considerations in Toxicoepigenetics Research -- Chapter 4-1: Germline and Transgenerational Impacts of Toxicant Exposures -- Introduction -- The Germline -- Germline Specification and the Importance of the Epigenetic Repression of Somatic Fates -- PGC's Epigenetic Reprogramming: A Critical Period. ; Transgenerational Effects Stemming From Environmental Exposures.
• Titolo autorizzato: Epigenetic toxicology
• ISBN: 0-12-812434-2; 0-12-812433-4
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910583037403321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II