Tuberculosis in clinical practice / / Onn Min Kon, editor

• Pubblicazione: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021]; ©2021
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (378 pages)
• Disciplina: 616.995
• Soggetto topico: Tuberculosis
• Persona (resp. second.): KonOnn Min
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Contents -- The Natural History of TB and Latent Infection -- The Natural History of M.tuberculosis Infection -- The Pathogen -- The Mtb Infection Cycle -- Transmission -- Primary Mtb Infection and Primary TB -- Latent Infection and Post-primary TB -- The Epidemiological Cycle of TB -- Early Diagnosis of Infectious TB and Outcomes of Active Case Finding -- LTBI Screening and TB Prevention -- Summary -- References -- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccine -- History of BCG Vaccine -- Efficacy of the BCG Vaccine -- Policy and Delivery of BCG Immunisation in the UK -- Immunology of BCG -- BCG Protection Beyond TB -- Adverse Events due to BCG -- BCG Vaccine: Revaccination Strategies -- References -- Pulmonary, Pleural and Mediastinal TB: Clinical Aspects and Diagnosis -- Pulmonary Tuberculosis -- Clinical Presentation of Pulmonary TB -- Diagnostic Approach -- Imaging: Chest Radiographs and CT Scans -- Sputum -- Induced Sputum -- Bronchoscopy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) -- Paediatric Specimens -- Other Diagnostic Techniques and Biomarkers for Pulmonary TB -- Pleural TB -- Clinical Presentation of Pleural TB -- Diagnostic Approach -- Imaging -- Sputum in Pleural TB -- Pleural Fluid -- Pleural Tissue -- Closed Pleural Biopsies -- Thoracoscopy -- Intrathoracic Mediastinal TB -- Clinical Presentation of Mediastinal TB -- Diagnostic Approach -- Imaging -- Endobronchial Ultrasound Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) -- References -- Extra Pulmonary Lymph Node, Abdominal and Pericardial Tuberculosis -- Extra Pulmonary Lymph Node Tuberculosis -- Epidemiology -- Clinical Features -- Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Abdominal Tuberculosis -- Introduction -- Clinical Features -- Peritoneal Tuberculosis -- Intestinal Tuberculosis -- Diagnosis -- Differentiating Intestinal Tuberculosis from Crohn's Disease -- Hepatobiliary Tuberculosis. ; Pancreatic Tuberculosis -- Treatment -- Pericardial Tuberculosis -- Introduction -- Clinical Manifestations and Presentation -- Diagnosis -- Treatment -- References -- Spinal and Bone Tuberculosis -- Introduction -- Incidence -- Aetiology -- Spinal Tuberculosis -- Presentation of Spinal TB -- Investigation of Spinal TB -- Differential Diagnosis -- Presentation of Bone and Joint TB -- Investigation of Bone and Joint TB -- Differential Diagnosis -- Isolation Precautions -- Non-tuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) and Multi Drug Resistant TB (MDR TB) -- Poncet's Disease -- Treatment of TB Osteomyelitis -- Non-pharmacological Treatment -- Surgical Intervention -- Outcomes and Long-Term Morbidity -- References -- Tuberculosis of the Central Nervous System -- Epidemiology -- Pathogenesis -- Clinical Features -- Prognosis -- Diagnosis -- CSF Examination -- Diagnostic Imaging -- Differential Diagnosis -- Drugs for Treatment of CNS Tuberculosis -- First Line TB Drugs in the Treatment of TB Meningitis -- Duration of Treatment for TB Meningitis -- Adjunctive Therapy for CNS Tuberculosis -- Additional Supportive Measures -- Management of Cerebral Tuberculomas -- HIV Treatment in the Setting of TBM and Tuberculomas -- Case Vignette -- Images -- References -- Tuberculosis in Renal Disease -- Introduction -- What Do We Mean by CKD? -- Incidence & -- Prevalence of LTBI & -- active TB in CKD -- Reasons for Susceptibility to Infection and Disease -- Screening -- Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) -- Interferon Gamma Release Assays (IGRA) -- When and How to Screen? -- Presentation of Active TB -- Diagnosis of Active TB -- Management of LTBI -- Chemoprophylaxis -- Management of Active TB -- Special Considerations when Treating TB in CKD Patients -- Haemodialysis -- Peritoneal Dialysis -- Post-Transplant -- Summary -- References -- Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents. ; Introduction -- Diagnosis -- Household Contacts -- Children Presenting with Symptoms or Abnormal Investigations -- Radiology -- Chest Radiology -- Computed Tomography (CT) -- Other Radiology -- Microbiology -- Specimen Collection -- Laboratory Tests -- Histology -- Immunological Tests -- Clinical Diagnosis -- Novel Tests -- Treatment -- Treatment Regimens -- Adverse Effects and Monitoring -- Drug Interactions -- Follow up -- Adherence -- Future of Treatment -- Central Nervous System Disease -- HIV Co-infection -- Decision-Making around Tuberculosis Infection Treatment -- Immune-Based Tests -- Management of TB Infection -- Other Issues -- Infection Control -- Impact on School and Education -- Child Protection -- Conclusions -- References -- HIV and TB -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Risk Factors for Tuberculosis in HIV Infection -- Clinical Features and Diagnosis of TB in HIV Co-infection -- Diagnosis of Pulmonary TB in HIV -- Molecular Testing in Pulmonary TB -- Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary TB in HIV -- Pleural TB -- Central Nervous System TB -- Disseminated TB -- Treatment of active TB/HIV Co-infection -- Timing of ART Initiation -- Choice of ART Initiation in HIV/TB Co-infection -- Types of ART -- Drug-Drug Interactions in HIV/TB Co-infection -- Choice of ART Regimen in HIV/TB Co-infection -- Patients on Established ART -- Choice of TB Treatment in HIV/TB Co-infection -- TB IRIS -- Clinical Features and Diagnosis of TB IRIS -- Outcomes and Treatment of TB IRIS -- Diagnosis and Treatment of Latent TB Infection in HIV -- Drug Resistant TB in HIV -- References -- Radiology of Tuberculosis -- Introduction -- Imaging Tuberculosis: The Modalities -- Imaging Considerations in Pulmonary and Abdominal Tuberculosis -- Radiology of Pulmonary Parenchymal, Pleural and Nodal Tuberculosis (See Tables 1, 2, and 3). ; Intra-thoracic Lymph Nodal Tuberculosis (ITLNTB) -- Parenchymal TB -- Pleural TB -- Miliary TB -- Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria -- TB in the Immunocompromised Host & -- TB-IRIS -- Latent TB and Radiological Markers of Disease Activity (Table 2) -- Cardiac TB -- Role of Interventional Radiology in Management of TB -- Abdominal and Pelvic TB -- Peritoneal TB -- Gastrointestinal Tract TB -- Hepatic and Splenic TB -- Adrenal TB -- Genitourinary TB -- Bone and Joint TB -- Extra-spinal Bone and Joint TB -- Imaging of Intracranial Tuberculosis Infection (See Tables 4 and 5) -- General Imaging Considerations -- Intracranial Pathology -- Meningeal Disease -- Parenchymal Disease -- Complications -- Spinal Tuberculosis -- General Imaging Considerations -- Spinal Pathology -- Head & -- Neck Tuberculosis Infection -- CNS Tuberculosis in Immunodeficiency -- Role of F18 -fluorodeoxyglucose (F18-FDG) PET-CT in Tuberculosis (Table 6) -- References -- Laboratory Diagnostic Techniques -- Introduction -- Specimen Collection -- Microscopy -- Culture and Susceptibility Methods -- Molecular Diagnostics and Whole Genome Sequencing -- References -- Whole Genome Sequencing: Applications and Cluster Investigations -- Introduction -- Identification of TB Strains and Predicting Drug Susceptibility -- Background -- The Advancement with WGS -- Identifying Genetically Similar Isolates -- Background -- Typing Before WGS -- Patient Benefits from WGS Relatedness -- Public Health Benefits from WGS Relatedness -- New Clusters/Incidents -- Established Clusters/Outbreaks -- Transmission and Evolution of TB -- Laboratory Errors -- Conclusion -- References -- The Tuberculin Skin Test and the IFN-γ Release Assays -- Introduction -- LTBI Definition and Diagnosis -- TST -- New Version of TST -- IGRA. ; QuantiFERON Test: Interpretation of the QFT Values Within the Uncertainty Zone (IFN-γ Values: 0.2-0.7 IU/ml) -- Accuracy -- Indeterminate or Borderline Results in IGRAs -- Interpretation of Serial QFT Results -- Serial IFN-γ Assays -- New Experimental Tests -- LTBI: Who Does Need to Be Screened? -- Recent contacts -- Children -- Migrants -- HIV-Infected Individuals -- Subjects Exposed to Biological Therapy -- Chronic Kidney Disease, Organ Transplantation, Stem Cell Transplant, Diabetes -- Health Care Workers -- References -- TB Treatment and Complications -- Introduction -- Drug Regimens: Active Disease -- Standard Treatment Regimen -- Duration of Continuation Phase -- Modification of Drug Regimens, According to Drug Sensitivity -- Adjunctive Treatments -- Drug Regimens: Latent TB Infection (LTBI) -- Drug Doses and Routes -- Practical Considerations -- Drug Interactions -- Monitoring During Treatment -- Baseline Assessment -- Ongoing Monitoring -- Management of Complications -- GI Symptoms (Nausea, Vomiting, Poor Appetite, Abdominal Pain) -- Rashes -- Arthralgias -- Peripheral Neuropathy -- Neurotoxicity -- Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) -- Special Groups on First Line Regimen -- Pregnancy -- Renal Failure -- Liver Disease -- Elderly -- Alternative Drug Regimens -- Management of Treatment Interruptions -- Monitoring of Treatment Response -- Further Reading -- Multi-drug Resistant Tuberculosis Management -- Introduction, Background and Epidemiology -- Diagnosing a Case of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis -- Management of DR-TB -- Conclusion -- References -- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Tuberculosis -- Introduction -- When Should TDM Be Performed? -- Interpretation of TDM Data -- The Role of TDM on TB Treatment -- Alternative Drug Monitoring Methods -- Specific Drug Information -- Isoniazid -- Rifampicin -- Rifabutin -- Pyrazinamide -- Ethambutol. ; Fluoroquinolones.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book is targeted at ensuring frontline clinical staff including seniors, trainees and specialist nurses can easily reference the optimum investigation and management of potential TB cases. This will mirror the annual London Advanced TB course which aims to equip all of the team delivering care to have a working knowledge of the entire spectrum of the real life aspects of TB management ranging from investigation of active TB to latent screening in pre biologic therapy. It includes an update of MDR TB management and also the approaches needed to ensure the entire medico-social spectrum of TB care is addressed.
• Titolo autorizzato: Tuberculosis in clinical practice
• ISBN: 3-030-75509-6
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910508478503321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II