Biogeochemistry : an analysis of global change

• Autore: Schlesinger William H.
• Pubblicazione: [Place of publication not identified], : Elsevier/Academic Press, 2013
• Edizione: Third edition.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (689 pages)
• Disciplina: 572
• Soggetto topico: Biogeochemistry; Biology; Health & Biological Sciences; Biology - General
• Persona (resp. second.): BernhardtEmily S.
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di contenuto: Front Cover -- Biogeochemistry: An Analysis of Global Change -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Biogeochemistry -- Part I: Processes and Reactions -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- What is biogeochemistry? -- Understanding the earth as a chemical system -- Scales of endeavor -- Thermodynamics -- Stoichiometry -- Large-Scale Experiments -- Models -- Lovelock's gaia -- Recommended Readings -- Chapter 2: Origins -- Introduction -- Origins of the Elements -- Origin of the solar system and the solid earth -- Origin of the atmosphere and the oceans -- Origin of life -- Evolution of metabolic pathways -- Photosynthesis: The Origin of Oxygen on Earth -- Chemoautotrophy -- Anaerobic Respiration -- Comparative planetary history: earth, mars, and venus -- Summary -- Recommended Readings -- Chapter 3: The Atmosphere -- Introduction -- Structure and Circulation -- Atmospheric Composition -- Gases -- Aerosols -- Biogeochemical Reactions in the Troposphere -- Major Constituents-Nitrogen and Oxygen -- Carbon Dioxide -- Trace Biogenic Gases -- Atmospheric Deposition -- Processes -- Regional Patterns and Trends -- Biogeochemical Reactions in the Stratosphere -- Ozone -- Stratospheric Sulfur Compounds -- Models of the Atmosphere and Global Climate -- Summary -- Recommended Readings -- Chapter 4: The Lithosphere -- Introduction -- Rock weathering -- Chemical Weathering -- Secondary Minerals -- Soil chemical reactions -- Cation Exchange Capacity -- Soil Buffering -- Anion Adsorption Capacity -- Phosphorus Minerals -- Soil development -- Forests -- Grasslands -- Deserts -- Models of Soil Development -- Weathering rates -- Chemical Weathering Rates -- Mechanical Weathering -- Total Denudation Rates -- Summary -- Recommended Readings -- Chapter 5: The Biosphere -- Introduction -- Photosynthesis -- Water-Use Efficiency. ; Nutrient-Use Efficiency -- Respiration -- Net Primary Production -- Measurement and Allocation of NPP -- Net Ecosystem Production and Eddy-Covariance Studies -- The Fate of Net Primary Production -- Remote Sensing of Primary Production and Biomass -- Global Estimates of Net Primary Production and Biomass -- Net Primary Production and Global Change -- Detritus -- The Decomposition Process -- Humus Formation and Soil Organic Matter -- Turnover -- Soil Organic Matter and Global Change -- Summary -- Recommended Readings -- Chapter 6: The Biosphere -- Introduction -- Biogeochemical cycling in land plants -- Nutrient Uptake -- Nutrient Balance -- Nitrogen Assimilation -- Nitrogen Fixation -- Mycorrhizal Fungi -- Nutrient allocations and cycling in land vegetation -- The Annual Intrasystem Cycle -- Litterfall -- Mass Balance of the Intrasystem Cycle -- Nutrient Use Efficiency -- Biogeochemical cycling in the soil -- Soil Microbial Biomass and the Decomposition Process -- Nitrogen Cycling -- Emission of Nitrogen Gases from Soils -- Soil Phosphorus Cycling -- Sulfur Cycling -- Transformations in Fire -- The Role of Animals -- Calculating landscape mass balance -- Human impacts on terrestrial biogeochemistry -- Acid Rain -- Nitrogen Saturation -- Rising CO2 and Global Warming -- Summary -- Recommended Readings -- Chapter 7: Wetland Ecosystems -- Introduction -- Types of wetlands -- Wetland Hydrology -- Wetland Soils -- Wetland Vegetation -- Productivity in wetland ecosystems -- Organic matter storage in wetlands -- Microbial metabolism in saturated sediments -- Free Energy Calculation -- Measuring the Redox Potential of the Environment -- Anaerobic metabolic pathways -- Fermentation -- Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction -- Iron and Manganese Reduction -- Sulfate Reduction -- Methanogenesis -- Aerobic Oxidation of CH4 -- Anaerobic Oxidation of CH4. ; Microbial Consortia -- Wetlands and water quality -- Wetlands and global change -- Global Wetland Loss -- Sea Level Rise and Saltwater Intrusion -- Rising Temperatures -- Elevated CO2 -- Summary -- Recommended Readings -- Chapter 8: Inland Waters -- Introduction -- Special Properties of Water -- Gas Diffusion and Solubility -- Terrestrial-Aquatic Linkages -- Hydrologic Flowpaths -- Ion Chemistry -- Organic Subsidies -- Unique Features of Aquatic Food Webs -- Lakes -- Lake Water Budgets and Mixing -- Trophic Status of Lakes -- Carbon Cycling in Lakes -- Primary Production in Lakes -- Measuring Primary Productivity -- Nutrient Limitation of Lake NPP -- Micronutrient Limitation -- Light Limitation of NPP -- Herbivore Control of NPP -- The Fate of Organic Carbon in Lakes -- Carbon Export from Lakes -- Nutrient Cycling in Lakes -- Nitrogen Cycling in Lakes -- Lake Phosphorus Cycling -- Sulfur Cycling in Lakes -- Rivers -- River Water Budgets and Mixing -- Carbon Cycling in Rivers -- New Inputs of C-Primary Productivity in Rivers -- Limits to Autochthonous Production in Flowing Waters -- Carbon Budgets for Rivers -- Nutrient Spiraling in Rivers -- River Nitrogen Cycling -- River Phosphorus Cycling -- Estuaries -- Estuarine Water Budgets and Mixing -- Carbon Cycling in Estuaries -- Primary Production in Estuaries -- Nutrient Cycling in Estuaries -- Estuarine Phosphorus Cycling -- Anaerobic Metabolism in Estuarine Sediments -- Human impacts on inland waters -- Water Infrastructure -- Eutrophication -- Global Climate Change -- Summary -- Recommended Readings -- Chapter 9: The Oceans -- Introduction -- Ocean circulation -- Global Patterns -- El Niño -- The composition of seawater -- Major Ions -- Net primary production -- Measurement -- Global Patterns and Estimates -- Dissolved Organic Matter -- Fate of Marine Net Primary Production -- Sediment diagenesis. ; Organic Diagenesis -- Biogenic Carbonates -- The biological pump: a model of carbon cycling in the ocean -- Nutrient cycling in the ocean -- Internal Cycles -- Air-Sea Exchange of Nitrogen -- External Inputs -- Gaseous Losses of Nitrogen from the Sea -- A Global Budget for Nitrogen in the Oceans -- Phosphorus -- Human Perturbations of Marine Nutrient Cycling -- Silicon, Iron, and Trace Metals -- Biogeochemistry of hydrothermal vent communities -- The marine sulfur cycle -- The sedimentary record of biogeochemistry -- Summary -- Recommended Readings -- Part II: Global Cycles -- Chapter 10: The Global Water Cycle -- Introduction -- The global water cycle -- Models of the hydrologic cycle -- The history of the water cycle -- The water cycle and climate change -- Rise in Sea Level -- Sea Ice -- Terrestrial Water Balance -- Summary -- Recommended Readings -- Chapter 11: The Global Carbon Cycle -- Introduction -- The modern carbon cycle -- Temporal perspectives on the carbon cycle -- Atmospheric methane -- Carbon monoxide -- Synthesis: linking the carbon and oxygen cycles -- Summary -- Recommended Readings -- Chapter 12: The Global Cycles of Nitrogen and Phosphorus -- Introduction -- The global nitrogen cycle -- Land -- Sea -- Temporal variations in the global nitrogen cycle -- Nitrous oxide -- The global phosphorus cycle -- Linking global biogeochemical cycles -- Summary -- Recommended Readings -- Chapter 13: The Global Cycles of Sulfur and Mercury -- Introduction -- The global sulfur cycle -- Temporal Perspectives on the Global Sulfur Cycle -- The Atmospheric Budget of Carbonyl Sulfide -- The global mercury cycle -- Summary -- Recommended Reading -- Chapter 14: Perspectives -- Recommended Reading -- Reference -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: Biogeochemistry --winner of a 2014 Textbook Excellence Award (Texty) from the Text and Academic Authors Association--considers how the basic chemical conditions of the Earth, from atmosphere to soil to seawater, have been and are being affected by the existence of life. Human activities in particular, from the rapid consumption of resources to the destruction of the rainforests and the expansion of smog-covered cities, are leading to rapid changes in the basic chemistry of the Earth. This expansive text pulls together the numerous fields of study encompassed by biogeochemistry to analyze the increasing demands of the growing human population on limited resources and the resulting changes in the planet's chemical makeup. The book helps students extrapolate small-scale examples to the global level, and also discusses the instrumentation being used by NASA and its role in studies of global change. With extensive cross-referencing of chapters, figures and tables, and an interdisciplinary coverage of the topic at hand, this updated edition provides an excellent framework for courses examining global change and environmental chemistry, and is also a useful self-study guide. Winner of a 2014 Texty Award from the Text and Academic Authors Association Calculates and compares the effects of industrial emissions, land clearing, agriculture, and rising population on Earth's chemistry Synthesizes the global cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur, and suggests the best current budgets for atmospheric gases such as ammonia, nitrous oxide, dimethyl sulfide, and carbonyl sulfide Includes an extensive review and up-to-date synthesis of the current literature on the Earth's biogeochemistry
• Titolo autorizzato: Biogeochemistry
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910969380003321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II