Modular electricity storage : benefits and costs / / Brent N. Mendell and Lisa P. Brunwick, editors

• Pubblicazione: Hauppauge, N.Y., : Nova Science Publishers, c2012
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (123 p.)
• Disciplina: 333.793/2
• Soggetto topico: Energy storage; Modularity (Engineering)
• Altri autori: MendellBrent N BrunwickLisa P
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. 108) and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- MODULAR ELECTRICITY STORAGE: BENEFITS AND COSTS -- MODULAR ELECTRICITY STORAGE: BENEFITS AND COSTS -- Contents -- Preface -- Electric Utility Transmission and Distribution Upgrade Deferral Benefits from Modular Electricity Storage* -- Notice -- Abstract -- Acknowledgment -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- 1. Introduction -- Modular Electricity Storage for T& -- D Deferral, an Example -- Utility Revenue Requirement for T& -- D Equipment -- Capital Plant Carrying Charges -- Expenses -- Annual Revenue Requirement -- T& -- D Avoided Cost -- Single-Year Deferral Benefit -- Multi-Year Deferral Benefit -- MES Transportability -- T& -- D Upgrade Marginal Cost -- 2. T& -- D Deferral Financial Benefit -- Introduction -- Annual Deferral Benefit for MES -- Multi-Year Deferral Benefit for MES -- Diminishing Benefit for Multi-Year Deferrals -- MES Redeployment -- T& -- D Equipment Residual Value -- T& -- D Annual Cost Among U.S. Electric Utilities -- FERC Form 1 Data: Oak Ridge National Laboratories Report -- Rate Assistance Program Report -- Utility T& -- D Deferral Cost Variability -- The Range of T& -- D Deferral Benefits -- EPRI/PG& -- E Distributed Utility Penetration Study (DUPS) -- 3. Deployment Situations for T& -- D -- Deferral Applications Introduction -- Decision Criteria Summary -- High T& -- D Upgrade Cost -- High Peak-to-Average Demand Ratio -- Modest Projected Overload -- Slow Load Growth -- Uncertainty About Block Load Additions -- Uncertainty About T& -- D Construction Delays -- Distribution Budget Optimization -- Benefits Aggregation for Attractive Value Propositions -- 4. Storage Characteristics for T& -- D -- Deferral Introduction -- Required Characteristics -- Reliability -- Power Quality -- Wave Form -- High Power Factor -- Frequency Stability -- Harmonics -- Ramp Rate. ; Charge Rate -- Other Notable Characteristics -- Roundtrip Efficiency -- Operation and Maintenance Needs and Cost -- Emergency or Short Duration Power Capability -- Lifetime Charge-Discharge Cycles -- Standby Losses -- Energy and Power Density -- Plant Footprint and Volume -- Modularity -- Transportability -- Easily Deployable ("Plug and Play") -- 5. Storage Sizing for T& -- D Deferral -- Storage Power Output Requirements -- Storage Discharge Duration Requirements -- Diesel Generation for Storage Backup -- 6. Generalizing the Range of the T& -- D -- Deferral Benefit -- 7. Complementary Uses and Benefits -- Introduction to Complementary Uses -- Complementary Uses: General Considerations -- Peak Demand Frequency -- Power Rating -- Stored Energy Limitation -- MES Reliability -- "Perfect" MES Capacity -- Incremental Benefit/Cost Considerations -- Myriad Institutional Challenges -- Reactive Power Capability -- Complementary Uses -- Electric Energy Time-shift -- Electric Supply Capacity -- Electric Supply Reserve Capacity -- Reduce Transmission Congestion -- Transmission Support and Stability -- Power Factor Correction -- Voltage Support -- On-Site Power Quality -- Electricity Service Reliability -- Retail Time-of-Use Energy Cost Reduction -- Renewables Generation Firming -- Renewable Energy Time-Shift -- Demand Management -- Seasonal Deployment for Locational Benefits -- Increased Flexibility -- Flexible Response to Uncertainty -- Evaluating Real Options -- Optimizing Risk-Adjusted Cost -- 8. Conclusions and Research Opportunities -- R& -- D Needs and Opportunities -- Standard Practice: Establish Criteria and Identify Next Steps -- Understanding Uncertainty and Risk -- Case Studies -- Enhanced Value Propositions: Best Prospect, -- PV Firming, and Grid Stability -- Terms Used in this Document -- References -- Appendix A. MES Transportability. ; Example Details -- Appendix B. Storage for T& -- D Deferral - -- Two Case Studies -- Pacificorp Vanadium Redox Batteries -- Situation -- Solution -- Service -- Status -- AEP Sodium/Sulfur Battery Situation -- Solution -- Service -- Status -- Appendix B. References -- Appendix C. Reactance and Power Factor -- End Notes -- Benefit/Cost Framework for Evaluating Modular Energy Storage* -- Notice -- Abstract -- Acknowledgments -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Conventions Used in this Report -- Executive Summary -- Purpose -- Scope -- Intended Audience -- Key Results and Conclusions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodology Description -- Financial Assumptions -- Present Worth Factor -- 3. Value Propositions -- 4. Storage Technology -- Storage Options Evaluated -- Storage Cost and Performance -- 5. Results: Benefit - Cost Comparisons -- Value Proposition 1: Transportable MES for T& -- D -- Deferral and Power Quality -- Benefit -- Cost -- Benefit/Cost Results -- Value Proposition 2: Improving Power Quality/Reliability -- Benefit -- Benefit/Cost Results -- Value Proposition 3: T& -- D Deferral Plus Energy Price -- Arbitrage and Central Generation Capacity Credit -- T& -- D Deferral -- Energy Price Arbitrage -- Central Generation Capacity Credit -- Combined Benefits -- Benefit/Cost Results -- Value Proposition 4: Peak and Critical Peak Electricity Pricing -- Benefit -- Benefit/Cost Results -- 6. Conclusions and Recommendations -- Summary Results -- Conclusion -- R& -- D Needs and Opportunities -- Terms Used in this Document -- References -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: An expanding array of state-of-the-art and emerging technologies are opening new opportunities to improve and/or to reduce the costs to generate, deliver and use electricity. One of these technologies is modular electricity storage (MES). In this book, the specific utility application addressed is the use of MES to reduce the cost of electricity delivery by reducing the cost of electricity transmission and distribution (T&D) equipment. Specifically, MES would be used to defer expensive improvements or capacity additions to T&D equipment by providing modular capacity additions as needed.
• Titolo autorizzato: Modular electricity storage
• ISBN: 1-61470-533-X
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910959264103321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Energy science, engineering and technology series.; Electrical engineering developments series.