Active electronically scanned arrays : fundamentals and applications / / Arik D. Brown

• Autore: Brown Arik D (Arik Darnell)
• Pubblicazione: Hoboken, New Jersey : , : IEEE Press : , : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., , [2022]; ©2022
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (275 pages)
• Disciplina: 621.3824
• Soggetto topico: Antenna arrays
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Acronyms -- Chapter 1 AESA Overview -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 AESA History -- 1.3 AESA Applications -- 1.3.1 RADAR -- 1.3.2 Electronic Warfare -- 1.3.2.1 Electronic Attack -- 1.3.2.2 Electronic Support Measures -- 1.3.3 Communications -- 1.3.4 Signals Intelligence -- 1.4 AESA Point of Reference -- 1.5 Block Diagram -- 1.5.1 Antenna Array Elements -- 1.5.2 Transmit Receive Modules -- 1.5.3 Beamformer -- 1.6 AESA Cascaded Performance and Architecture Selection -- References -- Chapter 2 AESA Theory -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 General One‐Dimensional Formulation -- 2.2.1 Pattern Expression without Electronic Scanning -- 2.2.2 Pattern Expression with Electronic Scanning -- 2.3 AESA Fundamental Topics -- 2.3.1 Beamwidth -- 2.3.2 Instantaneous Bandwidth -- 2.3.3 Grating Lobes -- 2.3.4 Error Effects -- 2.3.5 Quantization Effects -- 2.3.6 Random Error Effects (Amplitude and Phase) -- 2.4 One‐Dimensional Pattern Synthesis -- 2.4.1 Varying Amplitude Distribution -- 2.4.2 Varying Frequency -- 2.4.3 Varying Scan Angle -- 2.5 Conformal Arrays This section is based on a technical memo written by the author and Dr. Sumati Rajan with the consultation of Dr. Daniel Boeringer. -- 2.5.1 Array Pattern for a Linear Array -- 2.5.2 Array Pattern for a Conformal Array -- 2.5.3 Example -- 2.5.3.1 Conformal One‐Dimensional Array -- 2.6 2D AESA Pattern Formulation -- 2.6.1 AESA Spatial Coordinate Definitions -- 2.6.2 Antenna Coordinates -- 2.6.3 Radar Coordinates -- 2.6.4 Antenna Cone Angle Coordinates -- 2.6.5 Sine Space Representation -- 2.6.6 AESA Element Grid -- 2.6.6.1 Rectangular Grid -- 2.6.6.2 Triangular Grid -- 2.6.7 Two‐Dimensional Pattern Synthesis -- 2.6.7.1 Ideal Patterns -- 2.7 Circular Grid AESA Patterns -- 2.8 Tilted AESA Patterns -- 2.9 Integrated Gain -- References. ; Chapter 3 Array Elements -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Bandwidth -- 3.3 Polarization -- 3.3.1 Electromagnetic Polarization Fundamentals -- 3.3.2 Types of Polarization -- 3.3.2.1 Linear Polarization -- 3.3.2.2 Circular Polarization -- 3.3.2.3 Elliptical Polarization -- 3.3.3 Polarization States -- 3.3.4 Array Polarization -- 3.3.4.1 Key Requirements -- 3.4 Array Grid -- 3.5 Mismatch and Ohmic Loss -- 3.6 Active Match -- 3.7 Scan Loss -- References -- Chapter 4 Transmit Receive Modules -- 4.1 Overview -- 4.1.1 TRM Baseline Topology -- 4.1.1.1 TR Switches -- 4.1.1.2 Amplifiers -- 4.1.1.3 Pre‐Amplifier and HPA -- 4.1.1.4 LNA -- 4.1.1.5 Phase Shifter -- 4.1.1.6 Attenuator -- 4.1.1.7 Circulator -- 4.1.1.8 Receiver Protector -- 4.1.1.9 Filters -- 4.1.2 TRM Topology Types -- 4.1.2.1 Receive Only -- 4.1.2.2 Channelization -- 4.1.2.3 Simultaneous Beams -- 4.1.2.4 Multi‐Channel TRMs -- 4.2 Transmit Operation -- 4.2.1 Efficiency and Amplifier Classes -- 4.2.2 P1dB -- 4.2.3 Linearity -- 4.2.3.1 Harmonics and Intermodulation Products -- 4.2.3.2 Intercept Point -- 4.2.4 Wideband Operation -- 4.2.4.1 Nonlinear Beams -- 4.2.5 Thermal Implications Due to Output Match -- 4.3 Receive Operation -- 4.4 Reliability2 -- 4.4.1 Probability of Failed Elements -- 4.4.2 MTBF -- References -- Chapter 5 Beamformers -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Tile and Brick Architectures -- 5.1.2 Corporate and Noncorporate Beamforming -- 5.2 Lossless Beamformer -- 5.2.1 Transmit -- 5.2.2 Receive -- 5.3 Beamformer Weighting -- 5.4 Distributed Weighting -- 5.5 Beam Spoiling -- 5.6 Monopulse for Angle Estimation -- 5.6.1 Three Channel Monopulse with an AESA -- 5.6.1.1 Calibration for Monopulse Coupler Errors -- 5.6.2 Two‐Channel Monopulse with an AESA -- 5.6.2.1 Low Sidelobe Delta Beams -- References -- Chapter 6 AESA Cascaded Performance -- 6.1 Introduction. ; 6.2 Fundamental Expressions for Cascade Calculations -- 6.2.1 Noise Model -- 6.2.1.1 Active Device -- 6.2.1.2 Resistive Device -- 6.2.1.3 Noise Factor Definition -- 6.2.2 Cascaded Noise Factor -- 6.3 AESA Cascaded Performance -- 6.3.1 AESA Output Signal Power -- 6.3.2 AESA Output Noise Power -- 6.3.3 AESA Signal/Noise Gain and Noise Factor -- 6.3.4 AESA nth‐Order Intercept Point -- 6.3.5 AESA Spurious Free Dynamic Range -- References -- Chapter 7 AESA Architectures -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Baseline Architecture -- 7.3 Subarray Architectures -- 7.4 Subarray Pattern Formulation -- 7.5 Subarray Beamforming -- 7.5.1 Subarray Phase Shifter Beamforming -- 7.5.2 Subarray Time Delay Beamforming -- 7.5.3 Subarray Digital Beamforming -- 7.6 Overlapped Subarrays -- 7.7 Elemental DBF Architecture -- 7.8 Adaptive Beamforming -- References -- Appendix A Array Factor (AF) Derivation -- Appendix B Instantaneous Bandwidth Derivation -- Reference -- Appendix C Triangular Grid Grating Lobes Derivation -- References -- Appendix D General Expression for Intercept Point Derivation -- Appendix E Impact of Failed Elements on AESA Performance -- Appendix F Sidelobe Blanking with an AESA -- Reference -- Appendix G External Noise Considerations1 -- Appendix H Important AESA Equations Reference -- H.1 System Level Equations -- H.1.1 Radar Range Equation -- H.1.2 Signal and Noise Gain -- H.1.3 Array Gain -- H.2 AESA Theory -- H.2.1 1D Pattern -- H.2.1.1 Phase Shifter and Time Delay Steering -- H.2.1.2 General Expression -- H.2.1.3 Conformal Array -- H.2.1.4 Alternate AF Expression -- H.2.2 2D Pattern -- H.2.3 Beamwidth -- H.2.4 Instantaneous Bandwidth (IBW) -- H.2.5 Grating Lobes -- H.2.6 AESA Errors -- H.2.7 Coordinate System Transformations -- H.2.8 Sine Space -- H.2.9 Roll, Pitch, and Yaw Formulas -- H.2.10 Integrated Gain -- H.3 Array Elements -- H.3.1 Fractional Bandwidth. ; H.3.2 Polarization -- H.3.3 Active Match -- H.3.4 Scan Loss -- H.4 Transmit Receive Modules -- H.4.1 Amplifier Expressions -- H.4.2 Reliability -- H.5 Beamformer -- H.5.1 General Beamformer Expressions -- H.5.2 Beam Spoiling -- H.5.3 Monopulse AOA -- H.6 AESA Cascaded Performance -- H.6.1 Fundamental Expressions -- H.6.2 AESA Cascaded Expressions -- H.7 Adaptive Beamforming -- Reference -- Index -- EULA.
• Titolo autorizzato: Active electronically scanned arrays
• ISBN: 1-119-74908-5; 1-119-74909-3; 1-119-74906-9
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910830652903321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: IEEE Press