The illicit medicines trade from within : an analysis of the demand and supply sides of the illicit market for lifestyle medicines / / Rosa Koenraadt

• Autore: Koenraadt R. M (Rosa M.)
• Pubblicazione: The Hague, The Netherlands : , : Eleven International Publishing, , [2018]; ©2018
• Edizione: First edition.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (274 pages)
• Disciplina: 364.106
• Soggetto topico: Organized crime; Drug addiction; Drug abuse
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (pages 213-237).
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Contents -- Abstract -- List of abbreviations -- List of tables and figures -- Chapter 1 Introduction and background -- 1.1 Definitions of falsified, counterfeit, substandard or illicit medicines -- 1.2 Risks and consequences of illicit medicines -- 1.3 Globalization and global variation -- 1.4 Legislation and enforcement -- 1.5 Online trade -- 1.6 Organization of the trade -- 1.7 Illicit lifestyle medicines -- 1.8 Research questions -- 1.9 Relevance of the study -- 1.10 Overview of chapters -- Chapter 2 Theoretical perspectives on illicit markets and medicines -- 2.1 Economic sociology, cultural criminology and illicit markets -- 2.2 The macro level: globalization, late modernity and consumerism -- 2.3 Sociology of health: identity and medicalization -- 2.4 The meso level: organized crime, social embeddedness and the structure of illicit markets -- 2.5 The micro level: dealers, entrepreneurs and consumers -- 2.6 Conclusion -- Chapter 3 Methodological issues: researching the illicit market for lifestyle medicines -- 3.1 A mixed method approach within cultural criminology -- 3.2 Literature review -- 3.3 Interviews -- 3.3.1 Sampling and access -- 3.3.2 Trust and gender issues -- 3.3.3 Fieldwork in China -- 3.4 Online research methods -- 3.5 Use of official data -- 3.5.1 Analysis of court cases -- 3.5.2 Analysis of seizures -- 3.6 Survey study -- 3.7 Ethical concerns -- 3.8 Limitations and triangulation -- 3.9 Data analysis -- Chapter 4 Trends, prevalence and types of illicit medicines traded in the Netherlands -- 4.1 Registered consumption of medicines in the Netherlands -- 4.2 General patterns of illicit medicines in the Netherlands -- 4.3 Types of pills and products -- 4.4 Prevalence of illicit medicines consumption -- 4.5 Profile of consumers in the Netherlands -- 4.6 Purchasing illicit medicines in the Netherlands -- 4.7 Conclusion. ; Chapter 5 Understanding the demand for (illicit) lifestyle medicines -- 5.1 The past and present of lifestyle medication -- 5.1.1 The rise of erectile dysfunction medicines -- 5.1.2 The rise of weight loss medication -- 5.2 Convenient, anonymous and cheap -- 5.3 Nonmedical consumers -- 5.4 Perception of risk -- 5.5 Shame and secrecy in a culture of perfection -- 5.6 Conclusion -- Chapter 6 Retail level of the market: buyers, sellers and trust -- 6.1 Socio-demographic characteristics of suppliers -- 6.1.1 Gender -- 6.1.2 Age and criminal record -- 6.1.3 Professions and legal businesses -- 6.2 Online retail of medicines -- 6.2.1 Typology of websites -- 6.2.2 Motives of suppliers -- 6.3 Online trust: relationships between buyers and sellers on the internet -- 6.4 Traditional (offline) distribution channels -- 6.5 Blurring online and traditional markets -- 6.6 Conclusion -- Chapter 7 Social organization of the market -- 7.1 Modus operandi -- 7.2 Motives of high-end suppliers -- 7.3 Market relations and online trust -- 7.4 Intertwinement of legal and illegal business -- 7.5 Market structure -- 7.6 Conclusion -- Chapter 8 Manufacturing level: a case study on China -- 8.1 China's role in the illicit medicines trade -- 8.2 The emerging pharmaceutical industry in China -- 8.3 Counterfeit industry in China -- 8.4 Producing illicit medicines -- 8.5 Exporting pills and powders -- 8.6 Organization of the illicit pharmaceutical trade in China -- 8.7 Conclusion -- Chapter 9 Conclusion -- 9.1 Illicit medicines in the Netherlands -- 9.2 Consumer culture and the pursuit of a perfect body -- 9.3 Global and online trade -- 9.4 Final thoughts -- Summary -- Samenvatting -- References -- Appendix I List of interviews -- Appendix II Checklist websites -- Appendix III Checklist court cases -- Appendix IV Questions first prevalence survey. ; Appendix V Questions second prevalence study -- Acknowledgements -- Curriculum Vitae.
• Sommario/riassunto: In recent decades all sorts of illicit medicines have been increasingly traded world-wide: from antibiotics to weight loss drugs, and antimalarial tablets to steroids. The illicit medicines market is generally associated with considerable health risks for its users, as well as with high revenues and a perceived growing degree of criminal organization. It is therefore important to gain extensive criminological insights into this global market. This book provides in-depth and empirically-grounded theoretical insights into the online and offline trade in illicit pharmaceuticals, with particular reference to lifestyle pharmaceuticals. Trade in the Netherlands and manufacturing in China are taken as extended case studies. The author primarily focuses on the activities, dynamics and structure of the illicit market in the Netherlands, and on the production and transnational distribution of illicit medicines in and from China. In order to understand how actors operate, compete and develop trust relations, as well as how the illicit market is structured, this study is built on a mixed-method approach of both qualitative and quantitative data. By means of interviews with actors directly involved in the trade, analysis of court cases, a survey study and an online analysis, this book provides thorough and rich insights into the actors, dynamics and social organization of the flourishing illicit medicines market.
• Titolo autorizzato: The illicit medicines trade from within
• ISBN: 94-6274-824-1
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910793975603321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Pompe reeks ; ; 89.