Microconstituents in the environment : occurrence, fate, removal and management / / edited by Rao Y. Surampalli [and six others]

• Pubblicazione: Hoboken, NJ : , : John Wiley & Sons Ltd, , [2023]; ©2023
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (733 pages)
• Disciplina: 363.739/4
• Soggetto topico: Pollution; Water - Pollution; Pollution prevention
• Persona (resp. second.): SurampalliRao Y.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- About the Editors -- Part I Fundamental Ideas Regarding Microconstituents in the Environment -- 1 Introduction to Microconstituents -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Classification of Microconstituents -- 1.2.1 Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products -- 1.2.2 Pesticides -- 1.2.3 Disinfection By-Products -- 1.2.4 Industrial Chemicals -- 1.2.5 Algal Toxins -- 1.3 Source of Microconstituents -- 1.3.1 Source of Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) in the Environment -- 1.3.2 Source of Pesticides in the Environment -- 1.3.3 Source of Disinfection By-Products in the Environment -- 1.3.4 Source of Industrial Chemicals in the Environment -- 1.3.5 Source of Algal Toxins in the Environment -- 1.4 Physical and Chemical Properties of Microconstituents -- 1.5 Impact on Human Society and Ecosystem -- 1.5.1 Impact on Human Health -- 1.5.2 Impact on the Ecosystem -- 1.6 The Structure of the Book -- 1.7 Conclusions -- 2 Occurrence -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Goals of Occurrence Survey -- 2.3 Environmental Occurrence of Microconstituents -- 2.3.1 Occurrence of Microconstituents in Groundwater -- 2.3.2 Occurrence of Microconstituents in Surface Water -- 2.3.3 Occurrence of Microconstituents in Marine Water -- 2.3.4 Occurrence of Microconstituents in Drinking Water -- 2.3.5 Occurrence of Microconstituents in WWTPs Effluent and Sludge -- 2.3.6 Occurrence of Microconstituents in Soil -- 2.3.7 Occurrence of Microconstituents in Foods and Vegetables -- 2.4 Challenges and Future Prospective in Occurrence Survey -- 2.5 Conclusions -- 3 Sampling, Characterization, and Monitoring -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Sampling Protocols of Different Microconstituents -- 3.2.1 Sample Preparation -- 3.2.1.1 Traditional Sampling Techniques -- 3.2.1.2 Automatic Samplers and Pumps. ; 3.2.1.3 Pore-Water Sampling -- 3.2.2 Extraction of Microconstituents -- 3.2.3 Passive Sampling -- 3.2.4 Quality Assurance and Quality Control -- 3.2.5 Internal vs. External Quality Control -- 3.3 Quantification and Analysis of Microconstituents -- 3.3.1 Detection Techniques -- 3.3.2 UV-Visible Optical Methods -- 3.3.3 NMR Spectroscopy -- 3.3.4 Chromatographic Methods Tandem Mass Spectrometry -- 3.3.5 Biological Assay for Detection -- 3.3.6 Sensors and Biosensors for Detection -- 3.4 Source Tracking Techniques -- 3.4.1 Performance Criteria -- 3.4.2 Tracer Selection -- 3.4.3 Different Source Tracking Methods -- 3.4.4 Statistical Approaches in Source Tracking Modeling -- 3.4.4.1 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) -- 3.4.4.2 Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) -- 3.5 Remote Sensing and GIS Applications for Monitoring -- 3.5.1 Basic Concepts and Principles -- 3.5.2 Measurement and Estimation Techniques -- 3.5.3 Applications for Microconstituents Monitoring -- 3.6 Conclusions -- 4 Toxicity Assessment of Microconstituents in the Environment -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Microplastics in the Environment -- 4.3 Microplastics Pathways, Fate, and Behavior in the Environment -- 4.4 Concentration of Microplastics in the Environment -- 4.5 Influence of Microplastics on Microorganisms -- 4.6 Toxicity Mechanisms -- 4.6.1 Effect on Aquatic Ecosystem -- 4.6.2 Effect on Human Health -- 4.6.3 Toxicity Testing -- 4.6.3.1 Test Without PE MPs -- 4.6.3.2 With Microbeads -- 4.6.3.3 Analysis Limitations -- 4.7 Risk Assessment -- 4.8 Future Challenges in Quantification of the Environment -- 4.9 Conclusions -- Part II The Fate and Transportation of Microconstituents -- 5 Mathematical Transport System of Microconstituents -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Need for Mathematical Models -- 5.3 Fundamentals of Pollutant Transport Modeling -- 5.4 Development of Numerical Model. ; 5.4.1 Advective Transport -- 5.4.2 Dispersive Transport -- 5.4.3 Discretization in Space and Time -- 5.5 Application of Models -- 5.6 Softwares for Pollutant Transport -- 5.6.1 Hydrus Model for Pollution Transport -- 5.7 Mathematical and Computational Limitation -- 5.8 Conclusions -- 6 Groundwater Contamination by Microconstituents -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Major Microconstituents in Groundwater -- 6.3 Mechanisms for Groundwater Contamination By Microconstituents -- 6.4 Modeling Transport of Microconstituents -- 6.5 Limitations -- 6.6 Concluding Remarks -- 7 Microconstituents in Surface Water -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Major Microconstituents in Surface Water -- 7.2.1 Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) -- 7.2.2 Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals -- 7.2.3 Industrial Chemicals -- 7.2.4 Pesticides -- 7.3 Water Cycles, Sources, and Pathways of Microconstituents, and the Applicability of Mathematical Models -- 7.3.1 Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) -- 7.3.2 Pesticides in Surface Water -- 7.3.3 The Applicability of Mathematical Models -- 7.3.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Mathematical Tools -- 7.4 Fate and Transport of Microconstituents in Aquatic Environments -- 7.4.1 Adsorption of Microconstituents -- 7.4.2 Biodegradation and Biotransformation of Caffeine -- 7.4.3 Biodegradation and Biotransformation of Steroidal Estrogen -- 7.5 Modeling of Microconstituents in Aquatic Environments -- 7.5.1 BASINS System Overview -- 7.5.2 HSPF Model Evaluation (Hydrological Simulation Program Fortran Model) -- 7.5.3 Fundamental Mechanisms of SWAT Pesticide Modeling -- 7.5.3.1 SWAT Model Description -- 7.5.3.2 SWAT Model Set-Up -- 7.5.4 Model Sensitivity Analysis, Calibration, and Validation -- 7.5.4.1 Coefficient of Determination, R2 -- 7.5.4.2 Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient, NSE -- 7.5.5 Basin Level Modeling (Pesticide Transport). ; 7.6 Conclusions -- 8 Fate and Transport of Microconstituents in Wastewater Treatment Plants -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 The Sources of Microconstituents in Wastewater Treatment Plants -- 8.1.2 The Behavior of Microconstituents -- 8.2 The Fate of Microconstituents in WWTPs -- 8.2.1 Traditional Wastewater Treatment Process -- 8.2.2 The Fate of MCs in WWTPs -- 8.2.3 Biodegradation of Microconstituents -- 8.2.4 Sorption Onto Sludge Solids in WWTPs -- 8.3 Treatment Methods for Microconstituents Removal -- 8.3.1 Activated Sludge Process (ASP) -- 8.3.2 Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) -- 8.3.3 Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) -- 8.3.4 Trickling Filter -- 8.4 Critical Parameters in WWTP Operation for MCs -- 8.4.1 ASP Operation -- 8.4.2 MBR Operation -- 8.4.3 MBBR Operation -- 8.4.4 TF Operation -- 8.5 Conclusions -- 9 Various Perspectives on Occurrence, Sources, Measurement Techniques, Transport, and Insights Into Future Scope for Research of Atmospheric Microplastics -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Classification and Properties of Microplastics -- 9.2.1 Classification of Atmospheric Microplastics -- 9.2.2 Characteristics of Atmospheric Microplastics -- 9.2.3 Qualitative Assessment to Identify Microplastics -- 9.3 Sources of Atmospheric Microplastics -- 9.4 Measurement of Atmospheric Microplastics -- 9.5 Occurrence and Ambient Concentration of Microplastics -- 9.6 Factors Affecting Pollutant Concentration -- 9.7 Transport of Atmospheric Microplastics -- 9.8 Modeling Techniques in Prediction of Fate in the Atmosphere -- 9.9 Control Technologies in Contaminant Treatment -- 9.10 Challenges in Future Climate Conditions -- 9.11 Future Scope of Research -- 9.12 Conclusions -- 10 Modeling Microconstituents Based on Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques -- 10.1 Basic Components of Remote Sensing and GIS-Based Models -- 10.1.1 Source of Light or Energy. ; 10.1.2 Radiation and the Atmosphere -- 10.1.3 Interaction With the Subject Target -- 10.1.4 Sensing Systems -- 10.1.5 Data Collection -- 10.1.6 Interpretation and Analysis -- 10.2 Coupling GIS With 3D Model Analysis and Visualization -- 10.2.1 Modeling and Simulation Approaches -- 10.2.1.1 Deterministic Models -- 10.2.1.2 Stochastic Models -- 10.2.1.3 Rule-Based Models -- 10.2.1.4 Multi-Agent Simulation of Complex Systems -- 10.2.2 GIS Implementation -- 10.2.2.1 Full Integration-Embedded Coupling -- 10.2.2.2 Integration Under a Common Interface-Tight Coupling -- 10.2.2.3 Loose Coupling -- 10.2.2.4 Modeling Environment Linked to GIS -- 10.3 Emerging and Application -- 10.3.1 Multispectral Remote Sensing -- 10.3.2 Hyperspectral Remote Sensing -- 10.3.3 Geographic Information System (GIS) -- 10.3.4 Applications -- 10.3.4.1 Urban Environment Management -- 10.3.4.2 Wasteland Environment -- 10.3.4.3 Coastal and Marine Environment -- 10.4 Uncertainty in Environmental Modeling -- 10.5 Future of Remote Sensing and GIS Application in Pollutant Monitoring -- 10.5.1 Types of Satellite-Based Environmental Monitoring -- 10.5.1.1 Atmosphere Monitoring -- 10.5.1.2 Air Quality Monitoring -- 10.5.1.3 Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) -- 10.5.1.4 Hazard Monitoring -- 10.5.1.5 Marine and Phytoplankton Studies -- 10.6 Identification of Microconstituents Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques -- 10.7 Conclusions -- Part III Various Physicochemical Treatment Techniques of Microconstituents -- 11 Process Feasibility and Sustainability of Struvite Crystallization From Wastewater Through Electrocoagulation -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Struvite Crystallization Through Electrocoagulation -- 11.2.1 Working Principle -- 11.2.2 Types of Electrocoagulation -- 11.2.2.1 Batch Electrocoagulation -- 11.2.2.2 Continuous Electrocoagulation. ; 11.2.2.3 Advantages of Electrocoagulation Over Other Methods for Struvite Precipitation.
• Sommario/riassunto: "Microconstituents or contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) refer to any pollutants that have not previously been detected or regulated under current environmental laws, or may cause known or suspected adverse ecological and/or human health effects even at insignificant levels. They consist of pesticides, industrial chemicals, surfactants, pharmaceutical and personal care products, cyanotoxins, nanoparticles, and flame retardants, among others, that are consistently being found in groundwater, surface water, municipal wastewater, drinking water, and food sources. The presence of CECs in treated effluents and its long-term impact are to be evaluated considering their environmental partitioning and bioaccumulation potential in the aquatic species. There is an urgent need not only to develop reliable and cost-effective methods to analyze a wide range of ECs, but also to find techno-economically feasible options for their efficient removal from different ecosystems. This book is intended to provide the readers with an understanding of the occurrence and fate of microconstituents in the environment and possible management strategies. The main topics are organized into five core parts with subdivisions of each. The first part (I) deals with the fundamental ideas regarding microconstituents in the environment and consists of four chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the microconstituents and explores their various classifications, properties, and sources, as well as their impact on the environmental ecosystems and human health. The presence of microconstituents in environmental samples and the detection methodology are discussed in Chapter 2. The sampling protocols, quantification, and analysis of microconstituents are discussed in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 deals with the toxicity assessment, including acute and chronic toxicity and dose-responses studies. The second part (II) covers the fate and transportation of microconstituents in various environmental domains, including mathematical transport systems of microconstituents (Chapter 5), groundwater contamination by microconstituents (Chapter 6), microconstituent transport in surface water (Chapter 7), fate and transport of microconstituents in wastewater treatment plants (Chapter 8), atmospheric transport of microconstituents (Chapter 9) and modeling microconstituents based on remote sensing and GIS techniques (Chapter 10). The third part (III) of the book encompasses details of the various physicochemical treatment techniques of microconstituents with five chapters. Chemical precipitation (Chapter 11), adsorption (Chapter 12), ion exchange (Chapter 13), filtration and membrane separation (Chapter 14), advanced oxidation (Chapter 15) are covered in this part. The removal of microconstituents via biological treatment techniques is discussed in part IV of this book. Aerobic biological treatment (Chapter 16), anaerobic biological treatment (Chapter 17), bioelectrochemical systems (Chapter 18) and hybrid treatment solution (Chapter 19) are presented in this part. The final part (V) of this book focuses on the aspects of sustainability and environmental management, including regulatory framework (Chapter 20), laboratory to field application (Chapter 21), and sustainability outlook (Chapter 22). We hope this book will be of interest to students, scientists, engineers, government officers, process managers, and practicing professional. As a reference, this book will help the readers readily find the information they are looking for. The editors gratefully acknowledge the hard work and patience of all authors who have contributed to this book. The views or opinions expressed in each chapter of this book are those of the authors and should not be construed as opinions of the organizations they work for."--
• Titolo autorizzato: Microconstituents in the environment
• ISBN: 1-119-82528-8; 1-119-82526-1; 1-119-82527-X
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910726299403321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II