Understanding real traffic : paradigm shift in transportation science / / Boris S. Kerner

• Autore: Kerner B. S (Boris Semenovich)
• Pubblicazione: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021]; ©2021
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (248 pages)
• Disciplina: 388
• Soggetto topico: Traffic flow; Circulation
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Author -- Acronyms and Symbols -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Standard Theories of Vehicular Traffic -- 1.2 Empirical Induced Traffic Breakdown-Empirical Anomaly … -- 1.3 Objective and Methodology -- 1.4 Structure -- References -- 2 Basic Empirical Spatiotemporal Phenomena in Real Traffic -- 2.1 Three-Phase Traffic Theory-Framework for Understanding Real Traffic -- 2.1.1 Three Traffic Phases in Empirical Traffic Data -- 2.1.2 Fronts Between Traffic Phases -- 2.1.3 Definitions of Synchronized Flow and Wide Moving Jam Phases in Congested Traffic -- 2.1.4 Explanations of Term ``Synchronized Flow'' -- 2.2 Empirical Spontaneous Traffic Breakdown at Bottleneck -- 2.3 Empirical Induced Traffic Breakdown at Bottleneck -- 2.4 Empirical Emergence of Moving Jams in Synchronized Flow -- 2.5 Common Features of Empirical Traffic Breakdown at Bottlenecks -- 2.6 What Is Necessary for Understanding Real Traffic? -- 2.7 Why Is the Distinguishing Between the Three Phases Needed for Understanding Real Traffic? -- References -- 3 How Can Empirical Spatiotemporal Traffic Dynamics Be Reconstructed Through Traffic Measurements? -- 3.1 Traffic Dynamics Reconstructed Through Probe Vehicle Data -- 3.1.1 Explanation of Vehicle Trajectory -- 3.1.2 Can a Driver Resolve Traffic Breakdown? -- 3.1.3 How Short Should the Average Time Interval Between Probe Vehicles Be for the Resolution of Traffic Breakdown? -- 3.2 Traffic Dynamics Reconstructed Through Road Detector Data -- 3.2.1 Road Detector Measurements -- 3.2.2 Empirical Example of Spatiotemporal Traffic Dynamics -- References -- 4 Why Does Traffic Breakdown Occur Mostly at a Bottleneck? -- 4.1 Local Speed Decrease in Free Flow at Road Bottlenecks -- 4.1.1 On-Ramp Bottleneck -- 4.1.2 Off-Ramp Bottleneck. ; 4.2 Empirical Example of Local Speed Decrease in Free Flow … -- 4.3 Local Speed Decrease in Free Flow at Moving Bottleneck -- References -- 5 Empirical Spontaneous Traffic Breakdown-Fundamental Problem for Understanding Real Traffic -- 5.1 Perception of Highway Capacity in Standard Traffic and Transportation … -- 5.2 Empirical Fundamental Diagram of Traffic Flow -- 5.3 Empirical Hysteresis Effect -- 5.4 Microscopic Spatiotemporal Features of Empirical Spontaneous … -- 5.5 Ignoring of Phenomenon ``Empirical Induced Traffic … -- 5.6 Ignoring of Phenomenon ``Empirical Induced Traffic Breakdown''-Consequences for Transportation Science -- References -- 6 Empirical Induced Traffic Breakdown-Nucleation Nature of Traffic Breakdown -- 6.1 Features of Empirical Induced Traffic Breakdown at Bottleneck -- 6.1.1 Microscopic Characteristics of Empirical Induced Traffic Breakdown -- 6.1.2 Macroscopic Characteristics of Empirical Induced Traffic Breakdown -- 6.1.3 Common Empirical Features of Synchronized Flow Resulting from Spontaneous and Induced Traffic Breakdowns -- 6.2 Explanation of Nucleation Nature of Traffic Breakdown at Bottleneck -- 6.2.1 Nucleation of Traffic Breakdown and Metastability of Free Flow with Respect to FrightarrowS Transition at Bottleneck -- 6.2.2 Effect of Empirical Nucleation Nature of Traffic Breakdown at Bottleneck on Definition of Synchronized Flow -- 6.3 Empirical Induced Traffic Breakdown at Bottleneck: A Summary -- 6.4 Empirical Proof of Nucleation Nature of Traffic Breakdown … -- References -- 7 Empirical Induced Traffic Breakdown-Understanding Stochastic Highway Capacity -- 7.1 Empirical Induced Traffic Breakdown as the Usual Reason for Traffic Congestion on Long Highway Sections -- 7.2 Range of Highway Capacities at Any Time Instant -- 7.2.1 Minimum and Maximum Highway Capacities. ; 7.2.2 Stochastic Highway Capacity in Three-Phase Traffic Theory -- 7.3 Empirical Induced Traffic Breakdown at Bottleneck as Empirical Proof for Range of Highway Capacities -- 7.4 Empirical Induced Traffic Breakdown as One of Consequences of Spill-Over Effect -- 7.5 Perception of Highway Capacity Resulting from Empirical Induced Traffic Breakdown at Bottleneck -- References -- 8 Empirical Nucleation Nature of Traffic Breakdown-Emergence of Three-Phase Traffic Theory -- 8.1 Discontinuous Character of Over-Acceleration -- 8.1.1 Driver Speed Adaptation and Over-Acceleration -- 8.1.2 Time Delay in Over-Acceleration -- 8.1.3 Discontinuity of Mean Time Delay in Over-Acceleration -- 8.1.4 Driver Behaviors Explaining the Range of Highway Capacities at Bottleneck -- 8.1.5 Explanation of the Choice of the Term ``Over-Acceleration'' -- 8.2 Nucleus Occurrence for Spontaneous Traffic Breakdown … -- 8.2.1 Competition Between Speed Adaptation and Over-Acceleration Within Local Speed Decrease at Bottleneck -- 8.2.2 Critical Speed Within Local Speed Decrease at Bottleneck -- 8.3 Driver Behaviors Resulting in Nucleation Nature of Traffic … -- References -- 9 Understanding Empirical Nuclei for Traffic Breakdown (FrightarrowS Transition) at Bottleneck -- 9.1 Nucleus for Empirical Spontaneous Traffic Breakdown -- 9.1.1 Waves in Heterogeneous Free Flow: Qualitative Consideration -- 9.1.2 Empirical Speed Waves in Heterogeneous Free Flow: Local Speed Decreases at Sequence of Moving Bottlenecks -- 9.1.3 A Mechanism of Nucleus Occurrence in Heterogeneous Free Flow at Road Bottleneck -- 9.1.4 Random Occurrence of Nucleus for Empirical Spontaneous Traffic Breakdown -- 9.2 Empirical Transitions from Free Flow to Synchronized … -- 9.3 Is There a Difference Between Empirical Spontaneous and Induced … -- 9.4 Empirical Proof of Time Delay in Over-Acceleration Using … -- References. ; 10 Origin of Emergence of Empirical Moving Traffic Jams: FrightarrowSrightarrowJ Transitions -- 10.1 Empirical Moving Jam Emergence in Synchronized Flow (SrightarrowJ Transition) -- 10.2 Qualitative Explanation of Moving Jam Emergence … -- 10.2.1 Driver Reaction Time and Classical Traffic Flow Instability -- 10.2.2 Critical Speed for SrightarrowJ Instability -- 10.3 Crucial Difference Between Driver Reaction Time and Time Delay in Over-Acceleration-A Difficulty for Understanding of Three-Phase Traffic Theory -- References -- 11 Basic Types of Empirical Spatiotemporal Congested Traffic Patterns at Bottlenecks -- 11.1 Synchronized Flow Patterns (SPs) -- 11.1.1 Emergence of Moving SP (MSP) at Road Bottlenecks -- 11.1.2 Basic Types of SPs at Road Bottlenecks -- 11.1.3 Diverse Variety of SPs at Road Bottlenecks -- 11.1.4 Boomerang Effect -- 11.1.5 MSP Propagating in Direction of Traffic Flow -- 11.1.6 Basic Types of SPs at Moving Bottleneck -- 11.1.7 Diverse Variety of SPs at Moving Bottleneck -- 11.2 General Congested Traffic Patterns (GPs) -- 11.2.1 Basic Types of GPs at Road Bottlenecks -- 11.2.2 Diverse Variety of GPs at Road Bottlenecks -- 11.2.3 Basic Types of GPs at Moving Bottlenecks -- 11.3 Empirical Microscopic Structure of Wide Moving Jam … -- References -- 12 Discussion and Outlook -- 12.1 Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions in Application … -- 12.1.1 Normal Science: Cumulative Process in Standard Traffic and Transportation Science -- 12.1.2 Crisis: Failure of Engineering Applications of Standard Traffic Theories -- 12.1.3 Anomaly: Empirical Induced Traffic Breakdown at Bottleneck -- 12.1.4 Response to Crisis: Emergence of Three-Phase Traffic Theory -- 12.1.5 Incommensurability of Standard Traffic Theories with Three-Phase Traffic Theory -- 12.1.6 Paradigm Shift in Traffic and Transportation Science. ; 12.1.7 Response of Traffic and Transportation Research Community -- 12.2 Can Autonomous Driving Improve Traffic? -- 12.2.1 Mixed Traffic Flow -- 12.2.2 Can Vehicular Traffic Consisting of 100% Autonomous Vehicles Be Real Option in Near Future? -- References -- Appendix A Characteristics of Synchronized Flow in Three-Phase Traffic Theory -- A.1 Two-Dimensional Region of Steady States of Synchronized Flow -- A.1.1 Indifferent Zone for Car-Following -- A.1.2 Asymmetric Deceleration-Acceleration Driver Behavior -- A.2 Origin of Indifferent Zone for Car-Following and Asymmetric Deceleration-Acceleration Driver Behavior -- A.3 Driver Speed Adaptation within Indifferent Zone for Car-Following -- A.4 Driver Over-Acceleration within Indifferent Zone for Car-Following -- A.5 Growing Wave of Local Speed Increase in Synchronized Flow (SrightarrowF Instability) -- A.5.1 Decay of Local Increase in Speed in Initially Homogeneous Synchronized Flow -- A.5.2 Critical Speed for SrightarrowF Instability -- A.5.3 Nucleation Nature of SrightarrowF Instability -- A.6 Why Does Nucleation Nature of SrightarrowF Instability Govern Nucleation Nature of Traffic Breakdown? -- A.7 Main Prediction of Three-Phase Traffic Theory -- A.8 Characteristics of Traffic Breakdown and Wide Moving Jam Emergence -- A.8.1 Z-Characteristic for Traffic Breakdown (FrightarrowS Transition) at Bottleneck -- A.8.2 Z-Characteristic for SrightarrowJ Transition -- A.8.3 Double Z-Characteristic for Phase Transitions -- A.9 Competition of SrightarrowF and SrightarrowJ Instabilities -- A.9.1 Qualitative Explanation of Competition of SrightarrowF and SrightarrowJ Instabilities -- A.9.2 Empirical Alternations of Regions of Free Flow, Synchronized Flow, and Wide Moving Jams -- A.10 Why Is Spontaneous Emergence of Moving Jams Not Observed in Real Free Flow? -- Appendix B Empirical Features of Wide Moving Jams. ; B.1 Empirical Characteristic Parameters of Jam Propagation: Line J.
• Titolo autorizzato: Understanding real traffic
• ISBN: 3-030-79602-7
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 996466851603316
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. di Salerno