Applied Homogeneous Catalysis : A Tool for Sustainable Chemistry

• Autore: Behr Arno
• Pubblicazione: Newark : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2025; ©2025
• Edizione: 2nd ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (0 pages)
• Disciplina: 541.395
• Altri autori: SeidenstickerThomas VogtDieter
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface of the Authors -- Chapter 0 Introduction: Adhering to the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry: How Does Homogeneous CatalysisContribute? -- Part I Chemical Basics -- Chapter 1 Definition, Variants and Examples: What Actually Is Catalysis? -- 1.1 Definition of Catalysis -- 1.2 The Different Varieties of Catalysis -- 1.3 The Directing Effect of the Catalyst -- 1.4 Sources of Information About Catalysis -- Chapter 2 A Brief History: Homogeneous Transition Metal Catalysis: A Young Science -- 2.1 Phase I: Inorganic Basic Chemicals (1898-1918) -- 2.2 Phase II: Refinery Processes: Syngas and Ethyne Chemistry (1919-1945) -- 2.3 Phase III: Petrochemical Industrial Products (1946-1970) -- 2.4 Phase IV: Fine Chemicals and Speciality Products (1971 to Date) -- Chapter 3 Industrial Homogeneous Catalysis: What Is the Economic Importance? -- 3.1 Application Areas of Catalysis -- 3.2 Important Homogeneous Catalysed Processes -- 3.3 Synthesis of Fine and Speciality Chemicals by Homogeneous Catalysis -- 3.4 Atom Economy and Environmental Factor -- Chapter 4 Definition of Important Terms: X, Y, S, STY, TON, TOF and more… -- 4.1 Conversion -- 4.2 Yield -- 4.3 Selectivity -- 4.3.1 Chemoselectivity -- 4.3.2 Regioselectivity -- 4.3.3 Diastereoselectivity -- 4.3.4 Enantioselectivity -- 4.4 Turnover Frequency -- 4.5 Turnover Number -- 4.6 Catalyst Lifetime -- 4.7 Space-Time-Yield -- 4.8 Catalyst Losses -- 4.9 Catalyst Stability/Deactivation and Recycling -- 4.10 Product Purity -- 4.11 Further Important Terms -- 4.12 The Choice Is Yours! -- Chapter 5 Basics of Organometallic Chemistry: Bonds, Elementary Steps and Mechanisms -- 5.1 Metal-Ligand Bonds -- 5.2 Change of Oxidation State (OS) -- 5.3 Change of Coordination Number (CN) and Coordination Geometry -- 5.4 The Elementary Steps -- 5.4.1 Association/Dissociation. ; 5.4.2 Oxidative Addition/Reductive Elimination -- 5.4.3 Insertion/Extrusion -- 5.4.4 Oxidative Coupling (Cycloaddition)/Reductive Cleavage (Retrocycloaddition) -- 5.4.5 Further Elementary Steps -- 5.4.6 A Review on the Elementary Steps -- 5.5 Catalytic Cycles -- Chapter 6 Transition Metal Compounds: The 'Captains' of Homogeneous Catalysis -- 6.1 Group 3 and Lanthanides -- 6.2 Metals of Group 4 -- 6.3 Metals of Groups 5-7 -- 6.4 The 'Iron Metals' of Groups 8-10 -- 6.5 The Noble Metals from Groups 8 to 10 -- 6.5.1 Ruthenium -- 6.5.2 Osmium -- 6.5.3 Rhodium -- 6.5.4 Iridium -- 6.5.5 Palladium -- 6.5.6 Platinum -- 6.6 Gold: A Noble Metal of Group 11 -- 6.7 The Costs of Catalyst Metals -- 6.8 The Availability of Transition Metal Compounds -- Chapter 7 Ligands: The 'Helmsmen' of Homogeneous Catalysis -- 7.1 Steric Effects and Tolman's Ligand Cone Angle -- 7.2 Ligand's Electronic Effects -- 7.3 Chelating Ligands and Ligand Bite Angle -- 7.4 Hemilabile Ligands -- 7.5 Nitrogen‐Based Ligands -- 7.6 Pincer Ligands -- 7.7 Ligand Syntheses -- 7.7.1 Phosphorus Ligands -- 7.7.2 N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands -- 7.8 Ligand Stability and Decomposition -- 7.8.1 Decomposition of Phosphines -- 7.8.2 Decomposition of Phosphites -- 7.9 Costs and Accessibility of Ligands -- Chapter 8 Solvents in Homogeneous Catalysis: The Reaction Medium -- 8.1 General Aspects of Solvents -- 8.2 Physical Properties of Solvents - Solvent Parameters -- 8.2.1 Dielectric Constant (Permittivity) -- 8.2.2 Dipole Moment -- 8.2.3 ET‐Value -- 8.2.4 Solubility Parameter δ and Hansen Parameter -- 8.2.5 Green Chemistry Criteria -- 8.3 Influence of Solvents on Homogeneous Catalysts -- 8.3.1 Solvent Effects on Solubility -- 8.3.2 Solvent Effects on Mass Transfer -- 8.3.3 Solvents Activating Substrates, Stabilising Intermediates or Capturing Products -- 8.3.4 Solvent Effects on the Catalyst. ; 8.3.5 Solvents Stabilising Transition States -- 8.4 Solvent Availability and Costs -- 8.5 Solvent Purity -- 8.6 Solvent Selection Guides -- 8.7 Advanced Reaction Media for Homogeneous Catalysis -- 8.7.1 Ionic liquids -- 8.7.2 Deep Eutectic Solvents -- 8.7.3 Supercritical Fluids -- 8.7.4 Gas Expanded Liquids (GXLs) -- 8.7.5 Fluorous Solvents -- 8.7.6 Polyethers -- Chapter 9 Enantioselective Catalysis: The "Special Case" -- 9.1 A Glossary of Asymmetric Catalysis -- 9.2 A Quick Look Back -- 9.3 The Mechanism of Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation -- 9.4 Chiral Ligands -- 9.5 Overview of Homogeneously Catalysed Asymmetric Syntheses -- 9.6 Industrial Applications -- Chapter 10 Thermodynamics of Homogeneous Catalysis: When Does a Chemical Reaction Run? -- 10.1 Gibbs Energy and Energy Plot -- 10.2 Calculation or Assessment of the Free Reaction Enthalpy -- 10.3 Thermodynamic Analysis of Complex Reaction Systems -- 10.4 Advances in Computational Tools for Thermodynamics in Homogeneous Catalysis -- 10.4.1 Hybrid Functionals: Combining DFT and HF for Homogeneous Catalysis -- 10.4.2 Calculation of Gibbs Energy Using Sampling Methods -- 10.4.3 Machine Learning Methods -- Chapter 11 Kinetics of Homogeneous Catalysis: How Does the Reaction Proceed? -- 11.1 Frequently Occurring Kinetics -- 11.2 The Use of Energy Profiles to Explain Selectivity -- 11.3 Execution of Experiments to Determine the Kinetics of a Reaction -- 11.4 A Concrete Example: Hydroformylation of Cyclooctene -- 11.5 Pitfalls in Kinetic Measurements -- Chapter 12 Overview of Spectroscopic Methods: Can We See into Homogeneous Catalysis? -- 12.1 UV/Visible Spectroscopy -- 12.2 IR Spectroscopy -- 12.3 Raman Spectroscopy -- 12.4 NMR Spectroscopy -- 12.4.1 1H NMR Spectroscopy -- 12.4.2 31P NMR Spectroscopy -- 12.4.3 Metal NMR Spectroscopy -- 12.4.4 Pulsed Gradient Spin Echo NMR. ; 12.5 Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectroscopy (ESI-MS) -- 12.6 X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) and Extended X‐ray absorption fine Structure Analysis (EXAFS) -- 12.7 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR) -- 12.8 Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) -- 12.9 In situ, Operando and Combined Spectroscopy -- Part II Process Engineering Fundamentals -- Chapter 13 Reactor Types: Where Homogeneous Catalysis Actually Occurs -- 13.1 Stirred Tank Reactor -- 13.1.1 General description -- 13.1.2 Different Operation Modes -- 13.1.3 Stirred‐Tank Pressure Reactors (Laboratory Autoclaves) -- 13.2 Tubular Reactor -- 13.3 Transition variants between stirred tank reactor and plug flow reactor -- 13.3.1 Stirred‐Tank Reactor Cascade (CAS) -- 13.3.2 Taylor-Couette Reactor (TCR) -- 13.4 Reactors for Gas/Liquid Reactions -- 13.4.1 Sparged Stirred‐Tank Reactor -- 13.4.2 Bubble Column Reactor -- 13.5 Loop Reactors -- 13.6 Jet‐Loop Reactor -- 13.7 Membrane Reactor -- 13.8 Microreactors -- 13.9 Special Reactors -- 13.10 The 'Agony of Choice' -- Chapter 14 Overview of Catalyst Separation Techniques: How Catalyst and Product Go Their Separate Ways After the Reaction -- 14.1 Separation Principles -- 14.2 Separation by Distillation -- 14.2.1 Example 1: Ethene Oxidation to Acetaldehyde -- 14.2.2 Example 2: Methanol Carbonylation to Acetic Acid -- 14.2.3 Example 3: Alkene Hydroformylation to Aldehydes -- 14.3 Separation by Precipitation -- 14.3.1 Chemical Precipitation -- 14.3.2 Addition of a Solvent -- 14.3.3 Removal of the Solvent -- 14.3.4 Addition of Specific Precipitants -- 14.3.5 Thermal Deposition of a Metal Catalyst -- 14.3.6 Solubility‐Switching Tags -- 14.4 Separation by Crystallisation -- 14.5 Separation by Adsorption -- 14.6 Separation by Heterogenisation on a Solid Support -- 14.7 Separation by Membranes. ; 14.8 Separation by Extraction -- 14.9 Separation of a Second Liquid Phase -- Chapter 15 Catalyst Separation by Membranes: A Barrier Between Products and Catalysts -- 15.1 Membranes -- 15.2 Key Figures -- 15.3 Technical Implementation -- 15.4 Industrial Applications -- Chapter 16 Immobilisation on Solid Supports: From Homogeneity to Heterogeneity -- 16.1 The Basic Principles -- 16.2 Solid‐Phase Immobilisation -- 16.2.1 Organic Supports -- 16.2.2 Inorganic Carrier Materials -- 16.3 Supported‐Liquid Phase (SLP) Immobilisation -- 16.4 Industrial Application -- Chapter 17 Liquid-Liquid Multiphase Systems: The Smart Approach to Catalyst Separation -- 17.1 Alteration of the Solubility of the Ligands by Selective Modifications -- 17.2 Variants of Multiphase Catalysis -- 17.2.1 Multiphase Catalysis with Self‐Separating Product(s) -- 17.2.2 Multiphase Catalysis with Intensified Mixing -- 17.2.3 Multiphase Catalysis with Co‐Solvents -- 17.2.4 Multiphase Catalysis Assisted by Additives -- 17.2.5 Switchable Multiphase Catalysis -- Chapter 18 Switchable Multiphase Systems: Triggering Separation of Homogeneous Mixtures -- 18.1 Temperature as a Switch -- 18.1.1 Thermoregulated Phase‐Transfer Catalysis -- 18.1.2 Thermoregulated Microemulsions -- 18.1.3 Thermoregulated Fluorous Solvent Systems -- 18.1.4 Thermoregulated Polymer‐Bound Catalysts -- 18.1.5 Thermomorphic Multiphase Systems -- 18.2 CO2 Switchable Systems -- 18.2.1 Catalyst Recycling via Switchable Water (SW) -- 18.2.2 Catalyst Recycling via Switchable Hydrophilicity Solvents -- 18.2.3 Switchable Ligands and Transition Metal‐/Organocatalysts -- 18.3 Concluding Remarks to Recycling Methods -- Chapter 19 Optimisation Strategies: Combinatorial Synthesis, Design of Experiments and High-Throughput Screening -- 19.1 Combinatorial Chemistry -- 19.2 Design of Experiments (DoE) -- 19.3 High‐Throughput Screening (HTS). ; 19.3.1 Parallel Reactor Systems.
• Sommario/riassunto: One-stop reference on homogeneous catalysis, from general concepts through detailed examples and industrial applications Accessible and richly illustrated, Applied Homogeneous Catalysis provides a concise overview of the broad field of homogeneous transition metal catalysis and its applications in the chemical industry.
• Titolo autorizzato: Applied Homogeneous Catalysis
• ISBN: 9783527853205; 3527853200; 9783527840076; 3527840079; 9783527840069; 3527840060
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9911018975703321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II