Employment in Crisis : : The path to better jobs in a post-covid-19 latin america / / Joana SIlva, Liliana Sousa, Truman Packard, Raymond Robertson

• Autore: SIlva Joana
• Pubblicazione: Washington, D.C. : , : The World Bank, , 2021
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (pages cm)
• Soggetto topico: Coronavirus; COVID-19; Economic Shock; Fiscal Policy; Labor Market; Pandemic Impact; Pandemic Response
• Altri autori: SousaLiliana PackardTruman RobertsonRaymond
• Nota di contenuto: Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- About the Authors -- Acknowledgments -- Executive Summary -- Abbreviations -- 1 Overview -- Rationale for this report -- Road map -- Key insights -- Three dimensions of the policy response -- Implications for the COVID-19 crisis -- Notes -- References -- Annex 1A: Background papers written for this report -- 2 The Dynamics of Labor Market Adjustment -- Introduction -- Labor market flows: Unemployment versus informality -- Job destruction and job creation in times of crisis -- A changing employment structure and the disappearance of good jobs -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Annex 2A: Additional analysis of employment transitions -- 3 The Impact on Workers, Firms, and Places -- Introduction -- Workers: A bigger toll on the unskilled -- Firms: The cost of limited market competition -- Places: The role of local opportunities and informality -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 4 Toward an Integrated Policy Response -- Introduction -- Three key policy dimensions -- Aggregate: Stronger macroeconomic stabilizers -- Social protection and labor systems: Cushioning the impact on workers and preparing for change -- Structural: Greater competition and place-based policies -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Boxes -- Box 4.1 Family allowances as de facto unemployment insurance -- Box 4.2 Brazil's social protection response to the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic -- Box 4.3 Latin America and the Caribbean's social protection and labor responses to the COVID-19 (coronavirus) contraction of 2020 -- Box 4.4 Permanent, systemic shocks: Responses to job dislocation caused by structural changes -- Box 4.5 How well have regional policies performed at strengthening economic opportunities? -- Box 4.6 Evidence on the effects of place-based policies on mobility and labor market outcomes -- Figures. ; Figure 1.1 Persistent employment loss following crises: The myth of economic recovery -- Figure 1.2 How adjustment works and the policies that can smooth it -- Figure 1.3 Stabilizers and macroeconomic frameworks: Policy reforms -- Figure 1.4 Addressing crises' impacts and preparing workers for change: Policy reforms -- Figure 1.5 Tackling structural issues that worsen the impacts of crises on workers -- Figure 2.1 Quarterly fluctuations in unemployment and GDP growth, 2005-17 -- Figure 2.2 Quarterly net flows into formal and informal employment, 2005-17 -- Figure 2.3 Part-time work as a margin of adjustment in Argentina, 2005-15 -- Figure 2.4 Quarterly job loss, formal and informal sectors, 2005-17 -- Figure 2.5 Quarterly net job finding rates, formal and informal sectors, 2005-17 -- Figure 2.6 Gross job flows in Brazil and Ecuador, formal sector -- Figure 2.7 Gross job flows and differential rates in large and small firms in the formal sector -- Figure 2.8 Net job creation rates in Brazil and Ecuador's formal sectors -- Figure 2.9 Quarterly share of workers entering unemployment per wage decile, formal and informal sectors, 2005-17 -- Figure 2.10 Impulse response functions, by type of employment, during the 30 months after the beginning of the recession -- Figure 2.11 Estimates of Okun's Law for countries in the LAC region, 1991-2018 -- Figure 2A.1 Quarterly net flows into part-time work, formal and informal sectors, 2005-17 -- Figure 3.1 Effect on wages of displacement caused by plant closings in Mexico -- Figure 3.2 Unemployment rates by cohort, Argentina and Colombia -- Figure 3.3 Employment and wage effects of higher local unemployment at labor market entry in Mexico -- Figure 3.4 Dynamic effects of the global financial crisis on workers -- Figure 3.5 Heterogeneity in effects of the global financial crisis across workers. ; Figure 3.6 Dynamic effects of the global financial crisis on workers by skill -- Figure 3.7 Dynamic effects of the global financial crisis on firms -- Figure 3.8 Effects of the global financial crisis on Brazilian workers depending on sectoral concentration and state ownership -- Figure 3.9 Effects of the global financial crisis on Brazilian workers depending on local labor market informality -- Figure 4.1 How adjustment works and a triple entry of policies to smooth it -- Figure 4.2 Wage and unemployment responses during crises in the 2000s versus crises in the 1990s, Brazil and Mexico -- Figure 4.3 Sensitivity of unemployment and wages to output fluctuations -- Figure 4.4 Stabilizers and macroeconomic frameworks: Policy reforms -- Figure 4.5 Effective coverage of unemployment benefits, selected countries, latest available year -- Figure 4.6 Economic cycle, unemployment, and spending on labor policies and programs -- Figure 4.7 Level and composition of government spending on social assistance transfer programs, selected LAC countries -- Figure 4.8 Insufficient support, with many left behind -- Figure 4.9 Coverage of social registries and support received through social assistance programs during the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic -- Figure 4.10 Expansion of cash transfer programs in response to crises -- Figure B4.2.1 Brazil's COVID-19 (coronavirus) social protection and labor response strategy for two major vulnerable groups -- Figure 4.11 Positive effects of welfare transfers on local formal employment -- Figure B4.3.1 Stylized social protection and labor policy responses to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic -- Figure 4.12 Employment and reemployment policies, by the nature of the shock causing displacement -- Figure 4.13 Addressing crises' impacts and preparing for change: Policy reforms. ; Figure 4.14 Employment protection legislation in OECD member countries and selected Latin American countries, 2014 or most recent data -- Figure 4.15 Regulation of employment in the LAC countries, circa 2019 -- Figure 4.16 Flexibility of labor regulation and spending on human capital and labor programs in selected countries in LAC compared to other regions -- Figure 4.17 Labor market regulation instruments and the duration of unemployment -- Figure 4.18 Tackling structural issues that worsen the impacts of crises on workers -- Map -- Map 4.1 Unemployment insurance throughout the world -- Tables -- Table 1A.1 Background papers written for this report -- Table 2.1 Cyclical components of GDP growth, the unemployment rate, and net flows out of the labor force -- Table 2.2 Cyclicality of net flows across sectors and out of employment, 2005-17 -- Table 2.3 Correlation of job loss across sectors -- Table 2A.1 Cyclicality of employment transitions, by gender and skill level -- Table 3.1 Presence of negative effects on employment and wage scarring, by gender and education -- Table 4.1 Landscape of formal unemployment income support in the LAC region.
• Sommario/riassunto: A better policy framework for preventing, managing, and helping people recover from crises is crucial to lifting long-term growth and livelihoods in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The need for this policy framework has never been more urgent as the region faces the monumental task of recovery from the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. Whether specific policy responses will deliver the expected growth dividends will depend on the underlying vision of how labor markets adjust to crises and the quality of the policies enacted. This report estimates how crises change labor market flows, assesses how these changes affect people, and discusses the key policy responses--
• Altri titoli varianti: Employment in Crisis
• Titolo autorizzato: Employment in Crisis
• ISBN: 1-4648-1691-3
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910812355203321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: World Bank e-Library.