Cancer diagnostics and therapeutics : current trends, challenges, and future perspectives / / S. K. Basu, Chinmay Kumar Panda, Subrata Goswami, editors

• Pubblicazione: Singapore : , : Springer, , [2022]; ©2022
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (525 pages)
• Disciplina: 616.994075
• Soggetto topico: Cancer - Diagnosis; Cancer - Treatment; Càncer; Diagnòstic
• Soggetto genere / forma: Llibres electrònics
• Persona (resp. second.): BasuS. K.; PandaChinmay Kumar; GoswamiSubrata <1962->
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- Part I: Basic Background -- 1: Fighting with Cancer: A Common Man´s Dilemma -- 1.1 Cancer -- 1.2 Types and Terminologies -- 1.3 Some Statistics -- 1.4 Role of Various Physicians and Nursing Care and the Available Treatment Options -- 1.4.1 Surgery -- 1.4.2 Chemotherapy -- 1.4.2.1 Radiotherapy -- 1.4.3 Cancer Pain Management and Palliative Care -- 1.5 Coping with Cancer Diagnosis and Treatments -- 1.6 Rays of Hope -- 1.7 Winning and Fighting Cancer -- 1.8 Conclusion -- References -- 2: Cell Biology and Cell Behavior in Cancer -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Eukaryotic Cell Structure -- 2.1.1.1 Cell Membrane -- 2.1.1.2 Cytoplasm -- Organic Molecules -- Organelles -- Organelles with Double Membranes -- NucleusNucleus -- Nuclear MembraneNuclear Membrane -- NeoplasmNeoplasm -- NucleolusNucleolus -- ChromosomeChromosome -- MitochondrionMitochondrion -- ChloroplastsChloroplasts -- Organelles with Single Membrane -- PeroxisomePeroxisome -- Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum -- Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus -- LysosomeLysosome -- 2.1.2 Cell Cycle -- 2.1.2.1 Basic Structure of DNA and Its Function -- 2.1.2.2 Eukaryotic Chromosome -- 2.1.2.3 Replication and Repairing of DNA -- 2.1.2.4 DNA Recombination -- 2.1.2.5 DNA Transcription -- 2.1.2.6 Cell Division -- Mitosis -- Meiosis -- 2.1.2.7 Basics of Heredity -- 2.1.2.8 Intracellular Signaling -- 2.2 Introduction to Cancer Biology -- 2.2.1 Factors Playing Behind Cancer -- 2.2.2 Hallmarks of Cancer -- 2.2.3 Classification of Cancer -- 2.2.4 Cancer Detection and Diagnosis -- 2.3 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Tumor Biology: An Introduction -- 3.1 Introduction: Cancer Perspective from Fundamental Biology -- 3.2 The Nature of Cancer and Its Types. ; 3.3 Environmental Insults-Mutagens, Carcinogens, and Cancer-Causing Mutations -- 3.4 Infectious Agents, Inflammation, and Cancer -- 3.5 Cellular and Genetic Basis of Cancer -- 3.5.1 Comparison of Cancer Cell and Normal Cell -- 3.5.2 Genetic View of Cancer -- 3.5.3 Tumorigenesis -- 3.5.4 Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes -- 3.5.5 Genome-Wide Approach -- 3.6 Temporal Variation of Cancer Incidence Rate in Different Populations -- 3.7 Prevention and Early Detection -- 3.8 Conclusion -- References -- 4: Role of Angiogenesis in Tumors -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Mechanisms of Angiogenesis -- 4.2.1 Angiogenesis from Endothelial Precursor Cells (EPCs) -- 4.2.2 Angiogenic Switch -- 4.3 Angiogenesis in Physiologic Processes -- 4.4 Angiogenesis in the Pathogenesis of Cancer -- 4.5 Angiogenesis: A Network of Signaling Pathways -- 4.5.1 Endogenous Pro-angiogenic Factors -- 4.5.2 VEGF -- 4.6 Angiogenesis Ahead of VEGF/VEGFR Pathway -- 4.6.1 Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)/PDGFR -- 4.6.2 Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)/FGFR -- 4.6.3 Angiopoietins (Ang)/Tie2 -- 4.6.4 Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)/MET -- 4.7 Inhibitors of Angiogenesis -- 4.7.1 Angiostatin -- 4.7.2 Endostatin -- 4.7.3 Thrombospondins (TSPs) -- 4.8 Angiogenesis and Cancer -- 4.8.1 Anti-Angiogenic Treatment of Cancer -- 4.9 Combinatorial Targeting of Multiple Pro-angiogenic Pathways: An Alternative to Overcome Resistance -- 4.10 Current and Emerging Multi-Targeting Anti-Angiogenic Agents -- 4.11 Our Research Endeavors -- 4.12 Conclusions -- References -- 5: Biology, Chemistry, and Physics of Cancer Cell Motility and Metastasis -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Biological Background -- 5.2.1 Equilibrium in Cell Population -- 5.2.2 Oncogene and Tumor Suppressor Genes -- 5.2.3 Cellular Adhesion -- 5.2.4 Cell Signaling -- 5.3 Cancer Cell Motility and Metastasis: Biology and Chemistry. ; 5.3.1 Cancer Cell Motility -- 5.3.1.1 RhoGTPase Family -- 5.3.1.2 Single Cell Motility -- 5.3.1.3 Motility of Collective Cells -- 5.3.2 Metastasis -- 5.3.2.1 Proteolytic Enzymes -- 5.3.2.2 Adhesion Proteins -- 5.4 Physical and Mechanical Processes in Cell Motility and Metastasis -- 5.4.1 Physical Interaction in Cell Motility -- 5.4.2 Cellular Mechanics in Intravasation -- 5.4.3 Forces Acting on the Circulating Tumor Cells -- 5.4.4 Extravasation of Circulating Tumor Cells -- 5.4.4.1 Receptor-Ligand Interactions of Circulating Tumor Cells -- 5.4.4.2 Physics behind the Location of Metastatic Site -- 5.5 Conclusions -- Appendix -- Biological Notes -- References -- Part II: Diagnostics and Theory -- 6: MRI, CT, and PETSCAN: Engineer´s Perspective -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Tomographic Imaging in Medical Diagnosis: Historical Developments -- 6.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) -- 6.3.1 The Machine: A Gigantic Chamber -- 6.3.2 Magnetic Moment -- 6.3.3 Nuclear Magnetic Moment -- 6.3.4 Classical Precession -- 6.3.5 Total Magnetization -- 6.3.6 Radiofrequency Pulse: Related Magnetization -- 6.4 MR Signal Detection -- 6.4.1 MR Signal Intensity -- 6.4.2 Relaxation: Spin-Lattice (T1) and Spin-Spin (T2) -- 6.4.3 Magnetic Gradient Coils -- 6.4.4 K-Space and Image Formation -- 6.4.5 Pulse Sequence -- 6.5 Computed Tomography -- 6.5.1 Basics of X-ray -- 6.5.2 Diagnostic Application of Radiography -- 6.5.3 Limitations of Radiography -- 6.6 Basic Principle of Computed Tomography -- 6.6.1 Image Viewing System -- 6.7 Components of CT Scanner -- 6.7.1 X-Ray Detector and Data Acquisition System -- 6.8 Reconstruction of CT Image -- 6.9 Evolution of CT Scanning Technology -- 6.9.1 First-Generation CT (Translate-Rotate Mode) -- 6.9.2 Second-Generation CT (Multidetector Translate-Rotate Mode) -- 6.9.3 Third-Generation CT (Rotate-Rotate Mode). ; 6.9.4 Fourth-Generation CT (Fixed-Rotate) -- 6.9.5 Electron Beam CT (Fixed-Fixed) -- 6.9.6 Helical CT -- 6.10 Clinical Application of CT Scan Image -- 6.11 PET Scan -- 6.12 PET Scan: Basic Principle -- 6.12.1 PET Scan Utilities -- 6.12.2 Early Detection of Malignant Tumors/Cancers -- 6.13 Conclusion -- References -- 7: Diffusion, MRI, and Cancer Diagnosis: Physicist´s Outlook -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Diffusion -- 7.2.1 Phenomenological Notion and Fick´s Laws of Diffusion -- 7.2.2 Molecular Backgrounds of Diffusion and Random Walk Model -- 7.2.3 Self-Diffusion -- 7.2.3.1 Self-Diffusion and Einstein´s MSD Relation -- 7.2.4 Anisotropic Self-Diffusion -- 7.3 MRI -- 7.3.1 NMR in the Context of MRI -- 7.3.1.1 Relaxation Effects -- 7.3.1.2 The Bloch Equation and Time Evolution of Bulk Magnetization -- 7.3.1.3 An Outline of the Basic Pulsed-NMR Experiment -- 7.3.1.4 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) -- 7.3.1.5 FID Signal s(t) to NMR Spectrum S(Omega) and Fourier Transformation -- 7.3.1.6 Measurements of Relaxation Times -- 7.3.1.7 Inverse Recovery (IR) Method for Measuring T1 -- 7.3.1.8 Spin-Echo (SE) Method and Measurement of T2 -- 7.3.1.9 Effects of Diffusion on Spin-Echo Signal -- 7.3.2 NMR Imaging: MRI -- 7.3.2.1 MRI of Our Body Organs -- 7.3.2.2 The Gradient Pulses -- 7.3.2.3 The ``Receiver or Detector System´´ of an MRI Unit -- 7.3.2.4 Image Contrast -- 7.3.2.5 Basic Components of a Standard MRI System -- 7.3.3 Diffusion MRI -- 7.3.3.1 Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) -- 7.3.3.2 The Stejskal and Tanner´s Pulsed-Field Gradient Spin-Echo (PFG-SE) Sequence -- 7.3.3.3 Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Mapping (ADC Mapping): Quantitative Analysis with DWI -- 7.3.3.4 High-Speed Diffusion Imaging: Use of Echo-Planar Imaging (EPI) -- 7.3.3.5 Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) -- 7.3.3.6 Indices of Anisotropic Diffusion -- 7.3.3.7 Application Potential of DTI. ; 7.4 Cancer -- 7.4.1 Interpretation of DWI and Its Assessment -- 7.4.2 Clinical DWI in the Body: Some Technical Issues -- 7.4.3 Applications of DWI-ADC Mapping of Target Organs -- 7.4.3.1 Detection of Tumors -- 7.4.3.2 Characterization of Tumors -- 7.4.4 Distinguishing Tumors from Non-Tumors -- 7.4.4.1 Monitoring Treatment Response -- 7.4.4.2 Predicting Treatment Response -- 7.5 Conclusions -- Appendix -- References -- 8: Oncology: Radiation Oncologist´s View -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 Historical Perspectives -- 8.2 Mechanism of Action of Radiation and the Biological Basis of Radiation Therapy -- 8.2.1 DNA Damage -- 8.2.2 Biological Basis for Radiation Therapy -- 8.3 Principles of Radiotherapy -- 8.4 Types of Radiation -- 8.4.1 Ionising Radiation -- 8.4.2 Ionising Electromagnetic Radiation -- 8.4.3 X-Rays -- 8.4.4 Gamma (γ) Rays -- 8.4.5 Ionising Particulate Radiation -- 8.5 Units Used in Radiation Oncology -- 8.6 Basics of Radiation Protection -- 8.7 Techniques of Radiotherapy -- 8.7.1 Conventional Radiotherapy (2D Technique) -- 8.7.2 Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3DCRT) -- 8.7.2.1 The Planning Process of 3DCRT -- 8.7.3 IMRT: Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) -- 8.7.3.1 Planning System of IMRT -- 8.7.4 Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) -- 8.7.4.1 Rationale for Image-Guided Radiation Therapy -- 8.7.5 Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Radiotherapy (SRS and SRT) -- 8.7.6 Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) -- 8.7.7 Surface-Guided Radiation Therapy (SGRT) -- 8.7.8 Brachytherapy -- 8.8 Fractionation in Radiotherapy -- 8.8.1 Types of Fractionation in Radiotherapy -- 8.9 Side Effects of Radiation -- 8.9.1 Early Effects (Acute Effects) -- 8.9.2 Late Effects -- 8.10 Conclusions -- References -- 9: Oncology: Biochemists´ Perspective -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Causes of Cancer -- 9.3 Development of Cancer -- 9.3.1 Initiation. ; 9.3.2 Promotion.
• Titolo autorizzato: Cancer diagnostics and therapeutics
• ISBN: 981-16-4752-6; 981-16-4751-8
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910743343503321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II