A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children

• Autore: Cote Charles J
• Pubblicazione: Philadelphia : , : Elsevier, , 2019; ©2019
• Edizione: 6th ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (1280 pages) : illustrations (chiefly color)
• Disciplina: 617.9/6083
• Soggetto topico: Pediatric anesthesia; Anesthesia; Child; Humans; Infant
• Altri autori: LermanJerrold TodresI. David
• Note generali: Preceded by: Coté and Lerman's a practice of anesthesia for infants and children / [edited by] Charles J. Coté, Jerrold Lerman, Brian J. Anderson. 5th ed. ©2013.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Front Cover -- Endsheet 2 -- A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Table Of Contents -- Video Contents -- I Introduction -- 1 The Practice of Pediatric Anesthesia -- Preoperative Evaluation and Management -- Parents and Child -- The Anesthesiologist -- Informed Consent -- Operating Room and Monitoring -- Induction and Maintenance of Anesthesia -- Clinical Monitors -- Sight -- Hearing -- Touch -- Airway and Ventilation -- Fluids and Perfusion -- Conduct of the Anesthesia Team -- The Postanesthesia Care Unit -- Postoperative Visit -- Summary -- 2 Growth and Development -- Normal and Abnormal Growth and Maturation -- Gestational Age Assessment -- Weight and Length -- Head Circumference -- Face -- Teeth -- Airway and Respiratory System -- Upper Airway Development -- Respiratory System Development -- Transition to Air Breathing -- Mechanics of Breathing -- Chest Wall and Respiratory Muscles -- Elastic Properties of the Lung -- Static Lung Volumes -- Total Lung Capacity -- Functional Residual Capacity -- Closing Capacity -- Airway Dynamics -- Resistance and Conductance -- Distribution of Resistance -- Inspiratory and Expiratory Flow Limitation -- Regulation of Breathing -- Cardiovascular System -- Heart Rate -- Blood Pressure -- Cardiac Output -- Normal Electrocardiographic Findings -- Renal System -- Digestive and Endocrine System -- Hepatic System -- Physiologic Jaundice -- Gastrointestinal Tract -- Pancreas -- Hematopoietic and Immunologic System -- Hemoglobin -- Leukocyte and Immunology -- Platelets -- Coagulation -- Polycythemia -- Neurologic Development and Cognitive Development Issues -- Neurologic Development -- Interactions With the External World During Growth and Development -- Acknowledgment -- Annotated References -- References. ; 3 Perioperative Behavioral Stress in Children -- Developmental Issues -- Cognitive Development and Understanding of Illness -- Attachment -- Temperament -- Preoperative Anxiety -- Risk Factors -- Behavioral Interventions -- Preoperative Preparation Programs -- Parental Presence During Induction of Anesthesia -- The Preoperative Interview -- Health Care Provider Interventions -- Pharmacologic Interventions -- Pharmacologic Interventions Versus Behavioral Interventions -- Postoperative Outcomes -- Emergence Delirium -- Sleep Changes -- Other Behavioral Changes -- Intraoperative Clinical Outcomes -- Summary -- Annotated References -- References -- 4 Preoperative Evaluation, Premedication, and Induction of Anesthesia -- Preparation of Children for Anesthesia -- Fasting -- Piercings -- Primary and Secondary Smoking -- Primary Smoking -- Secondary Smoking -- Psychological Preparation of Children for Surgery -- Child Development and Behavior -- Parental Presence During Induction -- History of Present Illness -- Past/Other Medical History -- Herbal Remedies -- Anesthesia and Vaccination -- Allergies to Medications and Latex -- Family History -- Laboratory Data -- Pregnancy Testing -- Premedication and Induction Principles -- General Principles -- Medications -- Tranquilizers -- Benzodiazepines -- Barbiturates -- Nonbarbiturate Sedatives -- Opioids -- Ketamine -- α2-Agonists -- Antihistamines -- Anticholinergic Drugs -- Topical Anesthetics -- Nonopioid Analgesics -- Antiemetics -- Corticosteroids -- Insulin -- Antibiotics -- Antacids, H2-Receptor Antagonists, and Gastrointestinal Motility Drugs -- Induction of Anesthesia -- Preparation for Induction -- Inhalation Induction -- Inhalation With Sevoflurane -- Inhalation Induction With Halothane -- Inhalation Induction With Desflurane -- Hypnotic Induction -- Modified Single-Breath Induction. ; Intravenous Induction -- Thiopental -- Methohexital -- Propofol -- Etomidate -- Ketamine -- Intramuscular Induction -- Rectal Induction -- Full Stomach and Rapid-Sequence Induction -- Special Problems -- The Fearful Child -- Autism -- Anemia -- Upper Respiratory Tract Infection -- Obesity -- Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome -- Asymptomatic Cardiac Murmurs -- Fever -- Postanesthesia Apnea in Former Preterm Infants -- Hyperalimentation -- Diabetes -- Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia -- Seizure Disorder -- Sickle Cell Disease -- Acknowledgment -- Annotated References -- References -- 5 Ethical Issues in Pediatric Anesthesiology -- Informed Consent -- The Informed Consent Process -- Assent: The Role of the Patient -- Informed Permission, the Best Interest Standard and the Harm Threshold Standard -- Disclosure -- Informed Refusal -- "Doctor, If This Were Your Child, What Would You Do?" -- Disclosure and Apology of Medical Errors -- Special Situations in Pediatric Informed Consent -- Confidentially for Adolescents -- The Pregnant Adolescent -- The Adolescent and Abortion -- Children of Jehovah's Witnesses -- Emergency Care -- The Impaired Parent -- End-of-Life Issues -- Forgoing Potentially Life-Sustaining Treatment -- Perioperative Limitations on Life-Sustaining Treatment -- Barriers to Honoring Preferences for Resuscitation -- Physicians Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment -- Potentially Inappropriate Interventions -- Improving Communication in Pediatric Intensive Care Units -- Organ Donation After Cardiac Death -- Clinical and Academic Practice Issues -- Pediatric Research -- Minimal Risk -- Minor Increase Over Minimal Risk -- Socioeconomic Concerns and Distribution of Risk -- Imperative for Pharmacologic Research -- Managing Potential Conflicts of Interest -- Conducting Research -- Interaction With Industry -- Production Pressure. ; Physician Obligations, Advocacy, and Good Citizenship -- Participating in Patient Safety Efforts -- Treating Suffering -- Suspicion of Child Maltreatment -- The Ethics Consultation Service -- Annotated References -- References -- II Drug and Fluid Therapy -- 6 Pharmacogenomics -- Historical Perspectives -- Basic Concepts and Nomenclature -- Hepatic Metabolism and Developmental Pharmacogenetics -- Cytochromes P-450: Phase I Reactions -- Developmental Changes of Specific Cytochromes -- Phase II Reactions -- Alterations in Biotransformation at Birth -- Genomics of Drug Metabolism, Exposure, and Effects -- Pharmacogenomics of Pain and Analgesia -- Pain Perception and Genetics -- Genetic Variations Affecting Opioid Pharmacokinetics -- Codeine -- Tramadol -- Hydrocodone -- Oxycodone -- Morphine -- Methadone -- Genetic Variations Affecting Opioid Pharmacodynamics -- Opioid Receptor (OPRM1) -- Blood-Brain Barrier Transporter (ABCB1) -- Opioid-Cannabinoid System Interactions -- Genes of Addiction -- Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and Genetics -- Acetaminophen and Genetics -- Chronic Pain, Persistent Postoperative Pain, and Genetics -- Pharmacogenomics Affecting Anesthesia -- Intravenous Anesthetics -- Propofol -- Inhalational Anesthetics -- Nitrous Oxide -- Benzodiazepines -- Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs -- Local Anesthetics -- Perioperative Outcomes -- Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting -- Perioperative Bleeding -- Hemodynamic Response -- Effect on Other Perioperative Outcomes -- Ancestry/Race and Genetics -- Pharmacogenomics Methods -- Common Genotyping Methods -- Common Limitations of Genetic Research Studies and Interpretation of Genetic Studies -- Current Costs of Genotyping and Third-Party Coverage for Genotyping -- Genetic Counseling -- Clinical Translation: Bench to Bedside: Where Are We Now? -- Conclusion -- Annotated References -- References. ; 7 Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacology of Drugs Used in Children -- Pharmacokinetic Principles and Calculations -- First-Order Kinetics -- Half-Life -- First-Order Single-Compartment Kinetics -- First-Order Multiple-Compartment Kinetics -- Zero-Order Kinetics -- Apparent Volume of Distribution -- Pharmacokinetic Example -- Repetitive Dosing and Drug Accumulation -- Steady State -- Loading Dose -- Population Modeling -- Pediatric Pharmacokinetic Considerations -- Size -- Maturation -- Organ Function -- Pharmacodynamic Models -- Minimal Effective Concentration -- Sigmoid Emax Model -- Quantal Effect Model -- Logistic Regression Model -- Linking Pharmacokinetics With Pharmacodynamics -- Drug Distribution -- Protein Binding -- Body Composition -- Regional Blood Flows -- Blood-Brain Barrier -- Absorption -- Enteral -- Cutaneous -- Intramuscular -- Nasal -- Bioavailability -- Metabolism and Excretion -- Hepatic Metabolism -- Phase I Reactions: Cytochrome P-450 -- Phase II Reactions -- Alterations in Biotransformation -- Extrahepatic Routes of Metabolic Clearance -- Renal Excretion -- Central Nervous System Effects -- Pharmacodynamics in Children -- Measurement of Pharmacodynamic Endpoints -- The Target Concentration Approach -- Defining Target Concentration -- Drug Interactions -- The Drug Approval Process, the Package Insert, and Drug Labeling -- Inhalation Anesthetic Agents -- Physicochemical Properties -- Pharmacokinetics of Inhaled Anesthetics -- Factors Affecting Delivery of Inhaled Anesthetics to the Lungs -- Inspired Concentration -- Alveolar Ventilation and Functional Residual Capacity -- Factors Affecting the Uptake (Removal) of Inhaled Anesthetics From the Lungs -- Cardiac Output -- Solubility -- Alveolar to Venous Partial Pressure Gradient -- Second Gas Effect -- Induction -- Control of Anesthetic Depth -- Shunts -- Wash-Out and Emergence. ; Pharmacodynamics of Inhaled Anesthetics.
• Sommario/riassunto: "Covering everything from preoperative evaluation to neonatal emergencies to the PACU, A Practice of Anesthesia in Infants and Children, 6th Edition, features state-of-the-art advice on the safe, effective administration of general and regional anesthesia to young patients. It reviews underlying scientific information, addresses preoperative assessment and anesthesia management in detail, and provides guidelines for postoperative care, emergencies, and special procedures. Comprehensive in scope and thoroughly up to date, this 6th Edition delivers unsurpassed coverage of every key aspect of pediatric anesthesia"--Publisher's description.
• Titolo autorizzato: A practice of anesthesia for infants and children
• ISBN: 0-323-55162-9
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910583078703321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II