Using sludge on arable land - effect based levels and long-term accumulation for certain organic pollutants / / John Sternbeck ...[et. al.]

• Autore: Sternbeck John
• Pubblicazione: Copenhagen, : Nordic Council of Ministers, 2011
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (102 p.)
• Soggetto topico: Sewage sludge as fertilizer; Sewage sludge as fertilizer - Environmental aspects
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: ""Content""; ""Preface""; ""Summary""; ""1. Introduction ""; ""1.1 Background""; ""1.2 Scope and goal of this project""; ""1.3 Production and use of sewage sludge""; ""1.4 Pollutants in sludge â€? current legislation""; ""1.5 History behind limit values ""; ""1.6 Summary of the VKM model""; ""2. Methods and data""; ""2.1 Data on sludge quality ""; ""2.2 General principles for calculation of effect based levels""; ""2.3 Acceptable concentration in soil""; ""2.4 Effect based levels in sludge""; ""3. Organic pollutants in sludge from the Nordic countries""; ""3.1 PAH""; ""3.2 PCB"" ; ""3.3 Phthalates""""3.4 Alkylphenols""; ""3.5 LAS""; ""3.6 PBDE""; ""3.7 Other organic compounds""; ""4. Chemicals use and near future prognosis""; ""4.1. Sources of selected substances to the WWTPs""; ""4.2. Current legislation""; ""4.3. Conclusions""; ""5. Accumulation in soil""; ""5.1 Accumulation of organic pollutants â€? review of case studies""; ""5.2 Long-term accumulation in Nordic region""; ""6. Effect based levels and risk assessment""; ""6.1 Effect based levels""; ""6.2 Comparing effect based levels with levels in Nordic sludge""; ""7. To control pollution from use of sludge"" ; ""7.1 Limit values or other ways to control?""""7.2. Monitoring""; ""References""; ""Appendice 1. Contaminants in sludge from the Nordic countries""; ""Introduction""; ""Sweden ""; ""Norway""; ""Denmark""; ""Finland""; ""Iceland""; ""Synthesis""; ""References""; ""Appendice 2. Substance-specific data used in the calculations""; ""References""; ""Appendice 3. Critical sludge concentrations for soil organisms, human exposure and birds""; ""Appendice 4. Management for soil protection""; ""Appendice 5. Limit values and application rates for sludge â€? a comparison between the Nordic countries""
• Sommario/riassunto: In the waste water treatment process in sewage treatment plants, sewage sludge is produced as a by-product. The sludge contains nitrogen and phosphorus that originate from the waste water. In addition to these nutrients, sludge also contains micronutrients and organic matter. Many of these substances are required For The production of food and they can be recycled by using sludge as a fertiliser on farm lands. Phosphorus is the nutrient that is of primary interest at present. This is due To The fact that phosphorus is a finite resource that is mined and has various levels of unwanted impurities. In the foreseeable future, there will be a shortage of phosphorus ore with low levels of impurities. Ores with higher levels of impurities may also be used in the production of mineral fertilisers in the future, but it may require that energy demanding cleaning techniques are used. Such a scenario will lead to higher market prices for phosphorus fertilisers, which may have social consequences on a global scale. it is therefore crucial that the available phosphorus is used efficiently, from an economic, environmental and social perspective.
• Titolo autorizzato: Using sludge on arable land - effect based levels and long-term accumulation for certain organic pollutants
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910222218403321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: TemaNord.