Coal mining : research, technology and safety / / Gerald B. Fosdyke editor

• Pubblicazione: New York, : Nova Science Publishers, c2008
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (314 p.)
• Disciplina: 622/.334
• Soggetto topico: Coal mines and mining; Coal mines and mining - Safety measures
• Altri autori: FosdykeGerald B
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- COAL MINING: RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY AND SAFETY -- NOTICE TO THE READER -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION OF AGRONOMIC CROPS GROWN ON THREE RECLAIMED MINE WASTELANDS IN SOUTH CHINA AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- The Study Site -- Sample Collection and Analysis -- Pollution Assessment -- Bioaccumulation Factor -- RESULTS -- Heavy Metals in Agronomic Crops -- Pollution Assessment of Agronomic Crops -- Heavy Metals in Soils and Crop Accumulation -- DISCUSSION -- Safety of Agronomic Crops Grown on the Reclaimed Mine Wastelands -- Implications for Restoration of Mine Wastelands -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- NOTE ON RHENIUM IN COAL -- ABSTRACT -- RHENIUM IN COALS OF THE FORMER USSR: UZBEKISTAN, RUSSIA AND UKRAINE -- An Estimation of Coal Clarke Value of Re -- SPANISH RE-BEARING "LIGNITES" -- RHENIUM IN INFILTRATION URANIUM-COAL DEPOSITS -- Mode of Reoccurrence in Coal -- BEHAVIOR OF RE IN COAL COMBUSTION -- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- COAL MINING: RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY AND SAFETY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. COAL MINING AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT (UPPER SILESIA, SOUTHERN POLAND) -- 2. IMPACT OF COAL MINE WATERS ON THE FRESHWATER ORGANISMS -- 2.1. Diversity Indices and Water Quality Assessment -- 2.2. Impact of Coal Mine Waters on Macroinvertebrates in Streams (Rivers) -- 3. ACID-MINE DRAINAGE AND METALS IN RELATION TO FRESHWATER ORGANISMS -- 3.1. What Exactly is Acid Mine Drainage (AMD)? -- 3.2. Impact of AMD on Algae and Bryophytes -- 3.3. The Biological Consequences of Low Values of pH -- 3.4. Impact of AMD on Streams, Sediments and Macroinvertebrates -- 3.5. Rivers Contaminated by Metals in Relation to Algae, Macrophytes and Macroinvertebrates. ; 4. THE EPISODIC AND CHRONIC IMPACT OF COAL MINE WATER ON MACROINVERTEBRATES IN STREAMS -- 5. THE MINING SUBSIDENCE RESERVOIRS OF UPPER SILESIA (SOUTHERN POLAND) -- 5.1. The Origin of the Mining Subsidence Reservoirs -- 5.2. The Physical and Chemical Parameters of Waters -- 5.3. The Bottom Sediments -- 5.4. The Reclamation of Mining Subsidence Reservoirs -- 5.5. The Mining Subsidence Reservoirs as Refuges for the Lives of Multiple Organisms -- 6. THE EFFECT OF COAL MINING ON MACROPHYTES -- 6.1. Ecological Classification of Macrophytes -- 6.2. Coal Mine Heaps, Coal Mine Sedimentation Pools and Mining Subsidence Reservoirs as Habitats for Macrophytes (Upper Silesia, Southern Poland) -- 6.3. Macrophytes Subjected to the Coal Mine Waters -- 6.4. Macrophytes in the Coal Mine Water Treatment System -- 6.5. Macrophytes in the Assessment of Water Quality in Rivers Impacted by Coal Mine Waters -- 7. COAL MINING AREAS AS REFUGES FOR WILDLIFE -- 8. CONCLUSION -- 9. REFERENCES -- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) IN COAL PARTICLES ON SEDIMENT QUALITY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) IN THE ENVIRONMENT -- 2.1. PAH Characteristics, Properties and Toxicity -- 2.2. PAH Sources -- 2.3. PAHs in Coals -- 3. COALS AND PAH-RICH COALS IN SEDIMENTS -- 4. IDENTIFICATION OF GEOSORBENTS -- 5. SORPTION AND DESORPTION -- 5.1. Sorption -- 5.2. Sorption-Desorption Hysteresis -- 5.3. Slow and Very Slow Desorption -- 6. SOURCE APPORTIONMENT -- 6.1. PAH Distribution Patterns -- 6.2. PAH Ratios -- 6.3. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) -- 7. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- MONITORING ACTIVITIES OF LEACHING MICROORGANISMS AT COAL MINING SITES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MICROBIOLOGY OF METAL SULFIDE LEACHING -- SULFUR CHEMISTRY AND HEAT PRODUCTION -- Oxidation of Pyrite -- Oxidation of Other Metal Sulfides. ; Heat Evolution during Metal Sulfide Oxidation -- COMBINED TEST FOR AMD ACTIVITY MONITORING -- Microcalorimetry -- Sulfur Compound Analysis -- WASTE MATERIAL FROM HARD COAL MINING IN THE SAARLAND, GERMANY -- WASTE MATERIAL FROM LIGNITE MINING IN LOWER SAXONY, GERMANY -- COMPARISON OF CALORIMETRY WITH OTHER MONITORING METHODS -- ANALYSIS OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES AT AMD SITES BY MOLECULAR TOOLS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SOIL BIOTA DEVELOPMENT IN AREAS AFFECTED BY OPEN COAST COAL MINING IN EUROPE AND ITS ROLE IN SOIL FORMATION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- STUDY SITES AND METHOD -- SOIL BIOTA ESTABLISHMENT IN POST-MINING SITES, CONSTRAINTS, AND COLONIZATION -- SOIL BIOTA DEVELOPMENT IN POST-MINING SITES WITH VARIOUS VEGETATION COVER -- THE EFFECT OF SOIL BIOTA ON SOIL FORMATION NUTRIENT TURNOVER AND PLANT GROWTH. -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- CONTAMINATIONS BY NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES AS A RESULT OF COAL MINING ACTIVITIES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY -- DEFINITIONS OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS -- COAL IN THE SCOPE OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY -- TENORM PRODUCED BY MINING -- RADON -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- AQUATIC HAZARD OF SELENIUM POLLUTION FROM COAL MINING -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- What Is Selenium and Why Is It a Concern? -- Background on Selenium Bioaccumulation, Cycling, and Toxicity -- CASE EXAMPLES OF IMPACTS ON FISH -- Elk Valley, British Columbia, Canada -- Mud River Watershed, West Virginia, USA -- HOW TO REDUCE RISKS TO AQUATIC LIFE -- For Coal Mines in the Planning Stage -- For Active Coal Mines -- For Decommissioned Coal Mines -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- FLUORINE IN COAL: A REVIEW -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. FLUORINE IN ENVIRONMENT -- 3. AN ESTIMATION OF COAL CLARKE VALUE OF F -- 4. "COAL AFFINITY" INDEX (COALPHILE INDEX) OF F -- 5. SOME COALS ENRICHED IN F. ; 5.1. Russia: Various Coals -- 5.2. Greece: Neogene Lignites -- 5.3. China: Various Coals -- 5.4. USA: Alabama Pennsylvanian Coals -- 5.5. Canada: Cretaceous Coals -- 6. MODE OF FLUORINE OCCURRENCE IN COAL -- 6.1. Silicate Form -- 6.2. Phosphatic Form -- 6.3. Fluorite Form -- 6.4. Organic Form? -- 7. FACTORS AFFECTING FLUORINE DISTRIBUTION -- 7.1 Ash Yield -- 7.2. Content of Phosphorus -- 7.3 Position of a Bench within Coal Bed Column -- 8. GENETIC PROBLEMS -- 8.1. Does F Have an Organic Affinity? -- 8.2. May F be Facies Controlled? -- 8.3. May F Be Volcanic Controlled? -- 8.4. Epigenetic F-Enrichment -- 9. BEHAVIOR OF F IN COAL COMBUSTION -- 9.1. Pulverized Coal Combustion -- 9.2. Cyclone Burning -- 9.3. Semicoking -- 10. TECHNOLOGICAL INJURIOUS ACTION -- 11. ENVIRONMENTAL TOPICS -- 11.1 Toxicity -- 11.2. Atmospheric Emission -- 11.3. Fluorine Poisoning of Surface Waters -- 11. 4. "Threshold of F Toxicity" in Coal -- 12. COAL CLEANING AND FLUE GAS CLEAN UP -- 13. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- ENVIRONMENTALLY COMPATIBLE LAND USE ZONING IN A REPRESENTATIVE POWER GRADE COALFIELD IN INDIA: A MULTI-CRITERIA OPTIMIZATION APPROACH -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. Land Use Models and Recent Approach -- 1.2.The Representative Power Grade Coalfield -- 2. LAND USE ZONING OBJECTIVES FOR THE REPRESENTATIVE POWER GRADE COALFIELD -- 3. RESOURCE BASED LAND USE SUITABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY -- 3.1. Land Use Suitability Evaluation -- 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS -- 5. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- PATHOGENESIS, ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSTICS OF RESPIRATORY DISORDERS IN COAL MINERS -- ABSTRACT -- OBJECTIVE -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. DEFINITIONS OF ANTHRACOSIS, SILICOSIS, CWP, PMF AND OTHER DISORDERS IN COAL MINERS -- 3. PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS -- 4. CLINICAL FINDINGS -- a) Chronic Bronchitis -- b) Lung Function Impairment in Coal Miners. ; c) Comparison of Histopathologic Findings and Chest X-Ray Profusion Categories -- d) Discrepancies between Lung Function Tests and Chest X-Ray Findings -- 5. MORTALITY STUDIES -- 6. DIAGNOSTICS (SEE TABLE 1) -- 7. ASSESSMENT OF CAUSAL RELATION IN A COMPENSATION CLAIM -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN SURVIVORS AFTER COAL MINING DISASTER -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Hypotheses -- METHOD -- Subjects -- Measures -- Procedure -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.
• Sommario/riassunto: Although it is a rock rather than a mineral (the building blocks of rocks), coal is often considered to be a mineral resource. Coal has been mined since ancient Roman times, but it has become a major energy source only since the Industrial Revolution. It currently provides 22 percent of the world's energy, and is used to generate approximately 40 percent of electricity world-wide. Coal generates more than half of all electricity in the United States. Coal is also an important ingredient in the creation of methanol which turns up in such items as plywood (binding resin) and plastic bottles (acetic acid). Reserves are widely distributed throughout the globe, although the United States, Russia, China, and India account for more than half of the world's recoverable coal reserves. This book presents new research in the field.
• Titolo autorizzato: Coal mining
• ISBN: 1-60876-318-8
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910966674503321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II