DNA technology in forensic science / / Committee on DNA Technology in Forensic Science, Board on Biology, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council

• Pubblicazione: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1992
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (198 p.)
• Disciplina: 614/.1
• Soggetto topico: Forensic genetics; DNA fingerprinting
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: DNA Technology in Forensic Science -- Copyright -- Preface -- A Statement by the Committee on DNA Technology in Forensic Science -- Contents -- Summary -- TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- Recommendations -- STATISTICAL BASIS FOR INTERPRETATION -- Recommendations -- STANDARDS -- Recommendations -- DATABANKS AND PRIVACY OF INFORMATION -- Recommendations -- DNA INFORMATION IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM -- Recommendations -- DNA TYPING AND SOCIETY -- Recommendations -- 1 Introduction -- BACKGROUND -- GENETIC BASIS OF DNA TYPING -- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF DNA -- Individual Variation in DNA -- TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS OF DNA TYPING -- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms -- Polymerase Chain Reaction for Amplifying DNA -- POPULATION GENETICS RELEVANT TO THE INTERPRETATION OF DNA TYPING -- Estimating the Frequency of Alleles in Populations -- Population Substructure -- CHARACTERISTICS OF AN OPTIMAL FORENSIC DNA TYPING SYSTEM -- REFERENCES -- 2 DNA Typing: Technical Considerations -- ESSENTIALS OF A FORENSIC DNA TYPING PROCEDURE -- Scientific Foundations -- Written Laboratory Protocol -- Procedure For Identifying Patterns -- Procedure For Declaring a Match -- Identification of Potential Artifacts -- Sensitivity to Quantity, Mixture, and Contamination -- Experiential Foundation -- Publication and Scientific Scrutiny -- TECHNICAL ISSUES IN RFLP ANALYSIS -- Choice of Probes -- Southern Blot Preparation -- Identification of DNA Patterns -- Examination of a Control Pattern -- Single-Band Patterns -- Anomalous Bands -- Reporting of Anomalies -- Measurement of Fragments -- Match Criteria -- Retention of Sample -- TECHNICAL ISSUES IN PCR-BASED METHODS -- Technical Issues Related to Amplification -- Amplification Conditions -- Qualitative and Quantitative Fidelity -- Amplification Inhibition -- Contamination -- Issues Related to Detection of Amplified Product. ; Reverse Dot Hybridization -- Other Detection Methods -- Use of Kits -- Prospects of PCR-Based Methods -- NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON FORENSIC DNA TYPING -- SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 3 DNA Typing: Statistical Basis for Interpretation -- ESTIMATING THE POPULATION FREQUENCY OF A DNA PATTERN -- Estimating Frequencies of DNA Patterns by Counting -- Estimating Frequencies of DNA Patterns with the Multiplication Rule(Product Rule) -- Validity of Multiplication Rule and Population Substructure -- Basis of Concern About Population Substructure -- Assessing Population Substructure Requires Direct Sampling of EthnicGroups -- The Ceiling Principle: Accounting for Population Substructure -- DETERMINING ALLELE FREQUENCIES IN A POPULATION DATABANK -- IMPLICATIONS OF GENETIC CORRELATIONS AMONG RELATIVES -- IMPLICATIONS OF INCREASED POWER OF DNA TYPING COMPARED WITH CONVENTIONALSEROLOGY -- LABORATORY ERROR RATES -- TOWARD A FIRM FOUNDATION FOR STATISTICAL INTERPRETATION -- Population Studies to Set Ceiling Frequencies -- Reporting of Statistical Results -- Openness of Population Databanks -- Reporting of Laboratory Error Rates -- SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 4 Ensuring High Standards -- DEFINING THE PRINCIPLES OF QUALITY ASSURANCE -- POTENTIAL METHODS FOR ENSURING QUALITY -- Certification of Individuals -- Laboratory Accreditation -- Licensing of Laboratories -- Funding Contingent On Adherence to Standards -- QUALITY ASSURANCE IN RELATED FIELDS -- INITIAL EFFORTS TOWARD ESTABLISHING STANDARDS IN FORENSIC DNA TYPING -- A REGULATORY PROGRAM FOR DNA TYPING -- Components of a Suitable Program -- The Role of Professional Organizations -- The Role of Government -- Support for Education, Training, and Research -- SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 5 Forensic DNA Databanks and Privacy of Information. ; COMPARISON OF DNA PROFILES AND LATENT FINGERPRINTS -- CONFIDENTIALITY AND SECURITY -- METHODOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION -- COST VERSUS BENEFIT -- WHOSE SAMPLES SHOULD BE INCLUDED? -- Samples from Convicted Offenders -- Samples from Suspects -- Samples from Victims -- Samples from Missing Persons and Unidentified Bodies -- Crime-Scene Samples from Unidentified Persons -- Samples from Members of the General Population -- Samples from Anonymous Persons for Population Genetics -- SAMPLE STORAGE -- INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED AND MAINTAINED IN A DATABANK -- RULES ON ACCESSIBILITY -- STATISTICAL INTERPRETATION OF DATABANK MATCHES -- STATUS OF DATABANK DEVELOPMENT -- State Level -- Federal Level -- MODEL COOPERATIVE INFORMATION RESOURCE -- SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 6 Use of DNA Information in the Legal System -- ADMISSIBILITY -- The Frye Test -- Admissibility According to the Helpfulness Standard -- Cases on Admissibility of DNA Evidence Under the Federal Rules -- Recent Appellate Opinions -- Admissibility Statutes -- DNA DATABANKS ON CONVICTED FELONS: LEGAL ASPECTS -- ASSESSING THE ADMISSIBILITY OF EVIDENCE BASED ON RESULTS OF FURTHERADVANCES IN DNA TECHNOLOGY -- SUGGESTIONS FOR USE OF DNA EVIDENCE -- DNA EVIDENCE AND THE VARIOUS PARTIES IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM -- The Jury -- The Prosecutor -- The Defense -- TESTING LABORATORIES -- PROTECTIVE ORDERS -- AVAILABILITY AND COST OF EXPERTS -- SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES AND FOOTNOTES -- 7 DNA Typing and Society -- ECONOMIC ASPECTS -- ETHICAL ASPECTS -- Moral Rights -- Nonmonetary Costs and Benefits -- ABUSE AND MISUSE OF DNA INFORMATION -- EXPECTATIONS -- ACCOUNTABILITY AND PUBLIC SCRUTINY -- INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE -- SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- Organizational Abbreviations -- Glossary -- Biographical Information on Committee Members -- Participants -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: Matching DNA samples from crime scenes and suspects is rapidly becoming a key source of evidence for use in our justice system. DNA Technology in Forensic Science offers recommendations for resolving crucial questions that are emerging as DNA typing becomes more widespread. The volume addreses key issues: Quality and reliability in DNA typing, including the introduction of new technologies, problems of standardization, and approaches to certification. DNA typing in the courtroom, including issues of population genetics, levels of understanding among judges and juries, and admissibility. Societal issues, such as privacy of DNA data, storage of samples and data, and the rights of defendants to quality testing technology. Combining this original volume with the new update-- The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence --provides the complete, up-to-date picture of this highly important and visible topic. This volume offers important guidance to anyone working with this emerging law enforcement tool: policymakers, specialists in criminal law, forensic scientists, geneticists, researchers, faculty, and students.
• Titolo autorizzato: DNA technology in forensic science
• ISBN: 9786610203444; 9780309185585; 0309185580; 9781280203442; 1280203447; 9780309583695; 0309583691; 9780585002316; 0585002312
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910957262703321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II