Aviation fuels with improved fire safety : a proceedings / / Committee on Aviation Fuels with Improved Fire Safety, National Research Council

• Pubblicazione: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1997
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (157 p.)
• Disciplina: 629.134/351
• Soggetto topico: Airplanes - Fuel; Airplanes - Fuel consumption; Fire prevention
• Note generali: "NMAB-490."; Papers from the Workshop on Aviation Fuels with Improved Fire Safety, held on November 19-20, 1996 at the Nation Research Council's Georgetown Facility, Washington, D.C.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Aviation Fuels with Improved Fire Safety -- Copyright -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Contents -- I Summary of Workshop -- 1 Background and Historical Perspective -- AIRCRAFT FIRE SAFETY -- FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION RESEARCH ON FUEL FIRE SAFETY -- Gelled Fuel Program -- Antimisting Kerosene (AMK) Program -- POLICY CONTEXT -- References -- 2 Workshop Discussions -- FUEL AND ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES -- AIRCRAFT FUEL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS -- CHARACTERIZING FUEL FIRES -- FIRE INERTING AND SUPPRESSION TECHNOLOGIES -- COST CONSIDERATIONS -- References -- 3 Summary of Progress and Opportunities -- FUEL AND ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES -- AIRCRAFT FUEL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS -- CHARACTERIZING FUEL FIRES -- GENERAL CONCEPTS -- RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES -- II Presented Papers Fuel and Additive Technologies -- 4 Potential Surfactant Additives: The Search for the Oxymoron -- References -- 5 Fire Safety in Military Aircraft Fuel Systems -- INTRODUCTION -- JET FUELS -- FUEL FLAMMABILITY -- THE FIRE PROBLEM -- COST/BENEFIT ANALYSIS -- FUTURE TRENDS -- SUMMARY -- References -- 6 Rheology: Tools and Methods -- INTRODUCTION -- VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR -- STEADY-SHEAR RHEOLOGY -- DYNAMIC RHEOLOGY -- RHEOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS (STEADY/DYNAMIC SHEAR) -- EXTENSIONAL RHEOLOGY -- RHEOLOGY OF SILICA DISPERSIONS -- RHEOLOGY OF ASSOCIATIVE-POLYMER SOLUTIONS -- RHEOLOGY OF AVIATION FUELS -- SUMMARY -- References -- 7 Jet Fuel Chemistry and Formulation -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DEFINING JET FUEL REQUIREMENTS -- PRODUCTION METHODS AND THEIR EFFECT ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION -- ADDITIVES -- CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND REACTIVITY -- TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE -- References -- 8 Concepts for Safe-Fuel Technology -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND -- Previous Safe-Fuel Technologies -- Halon and Halon Replacements -- DEFINING THE PROBLEM -- NEW AND UNDEVELOPED SAFE-FUEL TECHNOLOGIES. ; Surface Enhancement Technology -- Low Volatility Technology -- Self-Activating Powder Extinguishment Technology -- TECHNOLOGY COMBINATIONS -- Micro-encapsulation -- System Applications -- References -- III Presented Papers Aircraft Fuel System Requirements -- 9 Engine Fuel System Design Issues -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- ENGINE FUEL SYSTEM -- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS RELATED TO FLAMMABILITY -- QUALIFICATION TESTING RELATED TO FLAMMABILITY -- FUEL SYSTEM MATERIALS -- FUEL CHARACTERISTICS -- SUMMARY -- 10 Applications of Vulnerability Analysis and Test Methods to Aircraft Design -- ABSTRACT -- BACKGROUND -- SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PROCESS -- FIRE AND EXPLOSION ELEMENTS -- Ignition Sources -- Flammable Materials: Vapors, Sprays, and Liquids -- Oxygen -- DAMAGE MODES AND EFFECTS -- Factors that Alter the Probabilities of Fires and Explosions -- HARDENING APPROACHES -- Reducing Fires -- Reducing Explosions -- TEST AND MODELING CONCERNS -- Fire Modeling -- Fire Testing -- Explosion Modeling -- Explosion Testing -- SUMMARY -- 11 Aircraft Fuel System Design Issues -- ABSTRACT -- AIRCRAFT FUEL SYSTEM -- Performance -- Fuel Tanks -- Engine Feed System -- Fuel Quantity Measurement and Indication System -- Fuel Jettison -- Fuels -- Safety -- Tank Installations -- Fuel Shutoff -- Ignition Source Control -- Fuel Carrying Components -- Crashworthy Designs -- Vent System -- Lightning Protection -- Compatibility -- Considerations for Safety Fuels -- Performance and Uses -- Compatibility -- History of Safety Fuels -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- IV Presented Papers Characterizing Fuel Fires -- 12 Combustion Fluid Mechanics: Tools and Methods -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- LAMINAR DIFFUSION FLAMES -- Modeling Laminar Diffusion Flames -- Laminar Diffusion Flame Structure -- Laminar Diffusion Flamelet Concepts -- BUOYANT TURBULENT NONCOMBUSTING FLOWS. ; Modeling Buoyant Turbulent Flows -- Self-Preserving Buoyant Turbulent Flows -- Turbulence Model Predictions -- Numerical Simulations of Turbulence -- BUOYANT TURBULENT DIFFUSION FLAMES -- Modeling Buoyant Turbulent Diffusion Flames -- Turbulent Diffusion Flame Structure -- Modeling Flame Radiation -- Flame Radiation Predictions -- TURBULENT SPRAYS AND SPRAY FLAMES -- Modeling Sprays -- Drop Breakup -- Spray Predictions -- References -- 13 Fundamentals of Fuel Ignition and Flammability -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- IGNITION AND FLAME SPREAD ABOVE A LIQUID FUEL POOL -- IGNITION OF GASEOUS COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES -- SPRAY IGNITION AND FLAME PROPAGATION -- TWO-FUEL STRATEGY -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- References -- 14 Post-Crash Fuel Dispersal -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- FUEL DISPERSAL IN THE CONTEXT OF A CRASH -- Fuel Dispersal Processes in Medium Velocity Impacts -- Fuel Dispersal Processes in High Velocity Impacts -- Engineering Tools for Post-Crash Fuel Dispersal -- RISK-BASED DECISION -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- Appendices -- Appendix A Workshop Participants -- Appendix B New Concepts in Fuel Fire Research: Final Summary Report of Short-Term Advisory Services (STAS) Team -- Executive Summary -- Preface -- Introduction -- Technical Issues -- Fire-Resistant Fuel, The Problem Definition -- Fuel Spillage -- Ignition -- Flame Propagation and Pool Ignition -- Effects of Base Fuel Physical Properties -- Typical Fuel Systems/Engine Systems Encountered -- Methods for Producing Fire-Resistant Fuel Properties -- Antimisting Agents -- Engine/Fuel System Retrofit -- Rapid Addition of Antimisting Agent to Fuel Tank During Fire Hazard Period Only -- Association Polymers -- Higher Flash Point Fuels/Fuel Cooling -- Liquid/Gas Interface Dilution -- Halon Suppressants -- Addition to the Fuel Itself. ; Injection and Mixing in the Fuel Compartments After Impact -- Jacketing of the Fuel Tank -- Liquid Halon Deluge of Fuel Spill -- Gelling Agents -- Combinations of These Methods -- Specific Task Discussions -- Background Review Summary -- Review of Proposed Approaches for New Program -- Addition of Halon Compounds to Diesel Fuel -- Addition of Association Polymers to Diesel Fuel -- Co-Addition of Halons and Association Polymers -- Milestone Plan and Phases -- Recommended Additional Approaches -- Success Potential -- Bibliography (In Addition to Briefings Packages Distributed at Meeting) -- Stas Team Participants -- Meeting Attendees -- Appendix C Biographical Sketches of the Committee Members and Technical Consultant -- Members -- Technical Consultant.
• Titolo autorizzato: Aviation fuels with improved fire safety
• ISBN: 0-309-17451-1; 1-280-21057-5; 9786610210572; 0-309-55342-3; 0-585-03709-4
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910827548903321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II