Energy costs, international developments and new directions [[electronic resource] /] / Leszek Kowalczyk and Jakub Piotrowski, editors

• Pubblicazione: New York, : Nova Science Publishers, c2009
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (240 p.)
• Disciplina: 333.79
• Soggetto topico: Renewable energy sources - Costs; Power resources - Costs
• Altri autori: KowalczykLeszek PiotrowskiJakub
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- ENERGY COSTS, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS AND NEW DIRECTIONS -- ENERGY COSTS, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS AND NEW DIRECTIONS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 OPPORTUNITIES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF SUDAN -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. HYDROPOWER -- 2.1. Water Resources -- 2.2. Hydropower Development -- 2.3. Growth of Electricity Sector -- 2.4. Small Hydropower -- 2.5. Environment -- 2.6. Future Outlook -- 3. BIOMASS ENERGY POTENTIAL -- 3.1. Bioenergy -- 3.2. Waste Policy in Context -- 3.3. Energy from Agricultural Biomass -- 4. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY -- 4.1. Heat Pumps -- 4.2. Heat Pump Principles -- 4.3. Refrigeration -- 4.4. Water Source Heat Pump -- 4.5. Geothermal Aquifers -- 4.6. Costs of GSHP -- 5. SOLAR ENERGY -- 5.1. Solar Energy Applications -- 5.1.1. Solar cookers -- 5.1.2. Industrial solar water heaters (SWHs) -- 5.1.3. Solar stills -- 5.1.4. Solar dryers for peanut crops -- 5.1.5. PV solar lighting systems. -- 5.1.6. PV solar water pumps -- 5.1.7. PV solar refrigerators -- 5.1.8. PV communication systems -- 5.2. The Future -- 5.3. Greenhouses Applications -- 5.3.1. Principle of greenhouse -- 5.3.2. Heating the greenhouse or conservatory -- 5.3.3. Indoor environment control -- 6. ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING -- 7. CONCLUSIONS -- NOMENCLATURE -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROL -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. Efficiency Use of Energy -- 1.2. Utilise Renewable Energy -- 1.3. Reduce Transport Energy -- 1.4. Increase Awareness -- 2. ENERGY FROM WASTE -- 2.1. Waste Shredding -- 2.2. Biomass CHP -- 3. WIND ENERGY -- 4. SOLAR ENERGY -- 5. HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL -- 6. GASIFICATION -- 7. ENERGY RECOVERY -- 8. GEOTHERMAL HEAT -- 9. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS -- 10. ENERGY EFFICIENCY -- 10.1. Energy Supply -- 10.2. Refrigeration. ; 10.3. Temperature Distributions -- 10.4. Thermodynamic Analysis of Refrigeration Cycles -- 11. ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGE -- 11.1. Natural Disasters -- 12. CONCLUSIONS -- 12.1. Utilisation of Renewable Energy -- 12.1.1. Policy and environment -- 12.1.2. Solar electrical technology -- 12.1.3. Solar thermal technology -- 12.1.4. Solar and low energy architecture -- 12.1.5. Wind energy technology and applications -- 12.1.6. Biomass conversion -- 12.1.7. Fuel cells and hydrogen technology -- 12.1.8. Marine/ocean energy -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 BRIDGING RENEWABLE ENERGY AND RURAL COMMUNITIES: SOCIAL LEARNING AS A CATALYST -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE CHINESE CONTEXT -- OBJECTIVES AND CASE STUDY SETTING -- RESEARCH FINDINGS -- ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE RENEWABLE ENERGY PROGRAM -- RECOGNITION OF THE IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING -- BRAINWASHING THROUGH TECHNICAL WORKSHOPS -- LEARNING FROM NEIGHBOURS -- ATTITUDES TOWARDS STAKEHOLDER COLLABORATION -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SUDAN -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS -- 3. SUSTAINABILITY -- 4. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND INDUSTRIAL COMPETITIVES -- (1) Implementing Ecologically Sustainable Industrial Development Strategies -- (2) Applying Cleaner Production Processes and Techniques -- (3) Implementing Environmental Management Systems -- (4) Managing and Conserving Water Resources -- (5) Using Market Based Instruments (MBIs) to Internalise Environmental Costs -- (6) Counteracting Threats from Eco-labelling Requirements -- (7) Implementing the United Nations (UN) Framework Convention on Climate Change -- (8) Addressing Concerns of Small and Medium Scale Industry (SMI) -- 5. PETROLEUM INDUSTRY POLLUTION AND GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSIONS IN SUDAN -- 6. PRIVATISATION AND PRICE LIBERALISATION IN ENERGY SOURCE SUPPLIES. ; 7. SYNTHESIS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY -- 8. CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL WARMING AND THE ENHANCED GREENHOUSE EFFECT -- 9. MAJOR ENERGY CONSUMING SECTORS -- 9.1. Agricultural Sector -- 9.2. Industrial Sector -- 9.3. Domestic Use -- 9.4. Transport Sector -- 10. MITIGATION MEASURES -- 11. POLICY DEVELOPMENT -- 12. THE FUTURE -- 13. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY FOR FUTURE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ENERGY EXTRACTION FROM COLD WATER -- 3. ENERGY SOURCE: THE GROUNDS -- 3.1. Surface Soil Heat -- 3.2. Heat from Bedrock -- 3.3. Drilling for Energy -- 3.4. Function of the Cooling Circuit -- 3.5. Free Cooling -- 4. TYPES OF THE COMMERCIAL GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMPS -- FIGHTER 1120 -- FIGHTER 1220 -- FLM 30 -- FIGHTER 1320 -- VPA -- HPAC -- 4.1. Exhaust Air Heat Pumps -- 4.2. Ventilation - Health Aspects -- 4.3. Controlled Domestic Ventilation -- 4.4. Low-Energy House -- 4.5. Controlled Domestic Ventilation -- 4.6. Controlled Domestic Ventilation with Heat Recovery -- Functions -- 5. SIZING CONSIDERATIONS -- 5.1. Ground Loops -- 5.2. Heat Pumps -- 5.3. Heat Distribution Systems -- 5.4. Design Considerations -- 5.5. Earth Loops -- 5.6. Types of Earth Loops -- 5.6.1. Open loop -- 5.6.2. Closed loop -- 5.6.3. Pond loops -- 5.6.4. Vertical loops -- 5.6.5 Horizontal loops -- 5.6.6. Vertical closed loop -- 5.6.7. Horizontal closed loop -- 6. INDOOR EQUIPMENT -- 7. APPLICATIONS -- 7.1. Basic Description of the Component of a GSHP -- 7.2. Performance and Costs -- 8. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 ENERGY EFFICIENT USE IN THE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. FORMULATION OF OBJECTIVE FUNCTION -- 3. MODEL ANALYSIS AND SOLUTION -- (a) Decomposition -- (b) Water Demand -- (c) Long-Term Model -- (d) Short-Term Model. ; 4. INITIAL SOLUTION FOR THE SELECTION OF THE PUMP COMBINATIONS -- 5. LONG-TERM MODEL FOR THE OPTIMAL DESIGN AND OPERATION OF PUMPING STATIONS AND REGULATION RESERVOIR -- (a) Pump Groups -- (b) Regulation Reservoir Design -- (c) Reservoir operation. Operational Cost of the Pumps -- 6. SHORT-TERM MODEL FOR THE OPTIMAL OPERATION OF PUMPING STATIONS AND REGULATION RESERVOIR -- 7. MODEL APPLICATIONS -- 7.1. Water Distribution System of an Irrigation District -- 7.2. Water Distribution System of a Fishfarm -- 7.3. Results: Irrigation District -- 7.4. Results: Fishfarm -- 7.5. Water Demand Forecasting for Short-Term Model -- 8. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 ADSORPTION MECHANISM OF METHANE AND ITS EFFECT ON SEPARATION AND STORAGE METHODS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- ADSORPTION MECHANISM OF METHANE -- Methane Separation -- Methane Storage -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 PERSPECTIVE OF ENERGY AND GHG EMISSION IN CHINA IN 2050 -- ABSTRACT -- 1. PREFACE -- 2. KYOTO PROTOCOL AND G8 HOKKAIDO TOYAKO SUMMIT LEADERS DECLARATION -- (1) Kyoto Protocol -- (2) G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit Leaders Declaration -- (3) The Impact of Cutting Present CO2 Emission Levels in Half -- (4) CO2 Emissions -- 3. PERSPECTIVE OF ENERGY IN CHINA -- (1) Trend Survey of China in the Past 20 Years -- (2) Past Trend of Japan and East Asian Countries -- (3) Perspective of Energy Demand in China -- 4. DISCUSSION: WHAT SHALL BE DONE IN CHINA? -- (1) General Discussion -- (2) Discussion of Electricity -- Case Selection -- Major Conclusion -- (3) Discussion of Energy for Transportation -- (4) Discussion of Nuclear Energy -- (5) Total Energy and GHG in 2050 -- 5. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 NANO-CHANNELS FOR SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION: ORIENTED ONE-DIMENSIONAL NANO-STRUCTURE FACILITATING CHARGE TRANSFER IN DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS. ; 1. TITANIA NANOARRAYS IN DSCS[7] -- 2. DSCS WITH COMPOSITE LIQUID ELECTROLYTES AND IONIC LIQUIDS -- 2.1. Composite Liquid Electrolytes -- 2.2 Composite Ionic Liquids and Corresponding Quasi-Solid DSCs -- 3. Oriented One-Dimensional Nano-Channel Structure -- REFERENCES -- INDEX -- Blank Page.
• Titolo autorizzato: Energy costs, international developments and new directions
• ISBN: 1-61728-400-9
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910826690103321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Energy science, engineering and technology series.