Conservation of Wildlife Populations : Demography, Genetics, and Management

• Autore: Mills L. Scott
• Pubblicazione: Hoboken : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2012; ©2013
• Edizione: 2nd ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (354 pages)
• Disciplina: 639.9
• Soggetto topico: Animal populations
• Soggetto genere / forma: Electronic books.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- List of boxes -- Preface to second edition -- Preface to first edition -- List of symbols -- Acknowledgments for second edition -- Acknowledgments for first edition -- PART I: Background to Applied Population Biology -- CHAPTER 1: The big picture: human population dynamics meet applied population biology -- Introduction -- Population Ecology of Humans -- Human population growth -- Human impacts on wildlife through effects other than population size -- Extinction Rates of Other Species -- Number of species on Earth: described and not yet described -- Historic versus current rates of extinction -- Humans and Sustainable Harvest -- The Big Picture -- Further Reading -- CHAPTER 2: Designing studies and interpreting population biology data: how do we know what we know? -- Introduction -- Obtaining Reliable Facts Through Sampling -- Replication and randomization -- Controls -- Accuracy, error, and variation -- Linking Observed Facts to Ideasmind Leads to Understanding -- The hypothetico-deductive (HD) approach -- Three ways to test hypotheses -- Model selection based on information-theoreticmethods -- Bayesian statistics: updating knowledge withnew information -- Ethics and the Wildlife Population Biologist -- Summary -- Further Reading -- CHAPTER 3: Genetic concepts and tools to support wildlife population biology -- Introduction -- What Is Genetic Variation? -- Genetic Markers Used in Wildlife Population Biology -- Fragment analysis -- Microsatellite DNA -- Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) -- Genes that affect fitness: functional genomics, adaptive variation, and transcriptomics -- Insights into Wildlife Population Biology Using Genetic Tools -- Taxonomy and hybridization -- Determining species identity and distribution -- Determining gender and individual identity -- Summary. ; Further Reading -- CHAPTER 4: Estimating population vital rates -- Introduction -- Estimating Abundance and Density -- Background: censusing, estimating, and indexing abundance -- Transect methods for estimating abundance -- Sightability or observation probability models -- Capture-mark-recapture (CMR) methods for estimating abundance -- Robust design -- Density estimation in capture-mark-recapture studies -- Survival Estimation -- Known-fate models -- CMR using the Cormack-Jolly-Seber method -- Band-return approaches -- Other approaches -- Estimation of Reproduction -- Sex Ratio -- Sex ratios in the wild -- Summary -- Further Reading -- PART II: Population processes: the basis for management -- CHAPTER 5: The simplest way to describe and project population growth: exponential or geometric change -- Introduction -- Fundamentals of Geometric or Exponential Growth -- Discrete (geometric) growth -- Continuous (exponential) growth -- Overview of λ and r -- Doubling time -- Causes and Consequences of Variation in Population Growth -- Factors that cause population growth to fluctuate -- Implications of variation in population growth -- Quantifying Exponential Population Growth in a Stochastic Environment -- Exponential growth with observation error only (EGOE) -- Exponential growth with process noise only (EGPN) -- Process noise and observation error occurring simultaneously (EGSS) -- Summary -- Further Reading -- CHAPTER 6: All stage classes are not equal in their effects on population growth: structured population-projection models -- Introduction -- Anatomy of a Population-Projection Matrix -- How Timing of Sampling Affects the Matrix -- Projecting a Matrix Through Time Leads to Transient and Asymptotic Dynamics -- How to project the matrix -- Stable stage distribution, transient dynamics, and reproductive value. ; All Vital Rates are not Created Equal: Analytical Sensitivities and Elasticities -- Stochasticity in Age and Stage-Structured Populations -- Sensitivity Analysis in the Broad Sense to Help Evaluate Management Actions -- Sensitivity analysis method 1: manual perturbation -- Sensitivity analysis method 2: analytical sensitivity and elasticity analysis -- Sensitivity analysis method 3: life-stage simulation analysis -- Fitness is Lambda, Selection is Management -- Case Studies Using Matrix Models to Guide Conservation Decision-Making -- Case study 1: what are the best management actions to recover an endangered species? -- Case study 2: prioritizing recovery actions in Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep using asymptotic and nonasymptotic sensitivity analysis -- Case study 3: what are the most efficient management actions to reduce a pest population? -- Case study 4: how should a harvested species be managed? -- Summary -- Further Reading -- CHAPTER 7: Density-dependent population change -- Introduction -- Negative Density Dependence -- The Logistic: One Simple Model of Negative Density-Dependent Population Growth -- Some Counterintuitive Dynamics: Limit Cycles and Chaos -- Positive Density Dependence -- Negative and Positive Density Dependence Operate Together -- Component Versus Demographic Outcomes of Density Dependence -- Summary -- Further Reading -- CHAPTER 8: Predation and wildlife populations -- Introduction -- Does Predation Affect Prey Numbers? -- Factor 1. Determining How Predation Affects Prey Numbers: Predation Rate -- Numerical responses of predators -- Functional responses of predators -- Total predation rate -- Factor 2. Determining How Predation Affects Prey Numbers: Compensation -- Factor 3. Determining How Predation Affects Prey Numbers: Who Gets Killed -- Summary -- Further Reading. ; CHAPTER 9: Genetic variation and fitness in wildlife populations -- Introduction -- Long-Term Benefits of Genetic Variation -- Genetic variation allows long-term adaptation -- Genetic variation provides ecosystem services -- What Determines Levels of Genetic Variation in Populations? -- The big four: mutation, gene flow, natural selection, and genetic drift -- The genetic effective population size -- Genetic changes due to population fragmentation -- Quantifying the Loss of Heterozygosity: The Inbreeding Coefficient -- Defining inbreeding -- Estimating the inbreeding coefficient in wildlife populations -- When Does Inbreeding Due to Genetic Drift Lead to Inbreeding Depression? -- Inbreeding depression in wildlife populations -- Can wild populations adapt to inbreeding through purging? -- Another genetic mechanism that could reduce vital rates: mutations in mtDNA -- Inbreeding depression meets other concerns in fragmented populations -- Outbreeding Depression and the Loss of Local Adaptation -- Genetic Rescue, Genetic Restoration, and Long-Term Population Recovery -- Appropriate Levels of Genetic Connectivity -- Case Studies Where Genetic Rescue Meets the Real World -- Greater prairie chicken -- Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep -- Adder -- Wolves of several types: Scandinavian, Mexican, and US -- Florida panther -- Summary -- Further Reading -- CHAPTER 10: Dynamics of multiple populations -- Introduction -- What Is Connectivity? -- Consequences of Connectivity for Wildlife Populations -- Persistence and fluctuations of populations -- Colonization and recolonization of empty sites -- Abundance of populations providing dispersers -- Taxonomic designation -- Measuring Connectivity among Wildlife Populations -- Radiotelemetry and mark-recapture -- Genetic approaches -- Multiple Populations are Not All Equal -- Multiple isolated populations -- Metapopulations. ; Source-sink populations -- Ecological traps -- Options for Restoring Connectivity -- Corridors and managing the intervening matrix -- Physically moving animals: translocations -- Summary -- Further Reading -- PART III: Applying Knowledge of Population Processes to Problems of Declining, Small, or Harvestable Populations -- CHAPTER 11: Human-caused stressors: deterministic factors affecting populations -- Introduction -- General Effects of Deterministic Stressors on Populations: Adapt, Move, or Die -- Habitat Loss and Fragmentation -- Habitat loss can reduce populations -- Habitat fragmentation adds to the problems of habitat loss -- Habitat loss and fragmentation operate concurrently -- Introduced and Invasive Species -- Invasion by natives: human-subsidized species -- The special case of parasites and disease -- Pollution -- Overharvest -- Global Climate Change -- Adapt in place -- Phenologic shifts demonstrate at least partial adaptation in place -- Adapt by moving -- Failure to adapt in place or move means die and decline -- Multiple Deterministic Stressors Occur Simultaneously -- Summary -- Further Reading -- CHAPTER 12: Predicting the dynamics of small and declining populations -- Introduction -- Ecological Characteristics Predicting Risk -- The Extinction Vortex -- Predicting Risks in Small Populations -- Population Viability Analysis (PVA): Quantitative Methods of Assessing Viability -- PVA defined -- Three components of PVA -- How to conduct a PVA -- Big-picture thoughts about PVA -- Other Approaches to Assessing Viability -- Rules of thumb -- Approaches based on habitat and other information -- Summary -- Further Reading -- CHAPTER 13: Focal species to bridge from populations to ecosystems -- Introduction -- The Four Categories of Focal Species -- 1 Flagship species -- 2 Umbrella species -- 3 Indicator species. ; 4 Strong interactors: dominants and keystones.
• Sommario/riassunto: Population ecology has matured to a sophisticated science with astonishing potential for contributing solutions to wildlife conservation and management challenges. And yet, much of the applied power of wildlife population ecology remains untapped because its broad sweep across disparate subfields has been isolated in specialized texts. In this book, L. Scott Mills covers the full spectrum of applied wildlife population ecology, including genomic tools for non-invasive genetic sampling, predation, population projections, climate change and invasive species, harvest modeling, viability analysis, focal species concepts, and analyses of connectivity in fragmented landscapes. With a readable style, analytical rigor, and hundreds of examples drawn from around the world, Conservation of Wildlife Populations (2nd ed) provides the conceptual basis for applying population ecology to wildlife conservation decision-making. Although targeting primarily undergraduates and beginning graduate students with some basic training in basic ecology and statistics (in majors that could include wildlife biology, conservation biology, ecology, environmental studies, and biology), the book will also be useful for practitioners in the field who want to find - in one place and with plenty of applied examples - the latest advances in the genetic and demographic aspects of population ecology. Additional resources for this book can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/mills/wildlifepopulations.
• Titolo autorizzato: Conservation of Wildlife Populations
• ISBN: 9781118406694; 9780470671498
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910795834503321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II