Writing constitutions . Volume 1. : institutions. / / Wolfgang Babeck and Albrecht Weber

• Autore: Babeck Wolfgang
• Pubblicazione: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2022]; ©2022
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (637 pages)
• Disciplina: 342
• Soggetto topico: Constitutional law; Legal composition
• Persona (resp. second.): WeberAlbrecht
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Comparability of Constitutions -- For Whom Writing Constitutions Is Written -- What Writing Constitutions Does Not Do -- Sources and Examples Used in Writing Constitutions -- Nominal Constitutions and Constitutional Reality -- Writing Constitutions Explained -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Part I: Parliament -- 1: Unicameral or Bicameral Parliaments -- 1.1 Overview of the External Organisational Structure of Parliaments -- 1.1.1 Historical Context and Function -- 1.1.2 Structural Approach -- 1.2 Monocameral Parliaments -- 1.3 Bicameral Parliaments -- 1.4 Remarks -- References -- 2: The Deputy -- 2.1 Status of a Deputy: The Free Mandate, Its Limitation and Protection -- 2.1.1 Overview over the Status of a Deputy -- 2.1.1.1 Free Mandate, Incompatibility, Loss of Mandate -- 2.1.1.2 Purpose and Function of the Rules -- 2.1.1.3 Historical Context -- 2.1.1.4 Related Topics -- 2.1.1.5 Structural Approach and Guiding Questions -- 2.1.2 Details of the Clause -- 2.1.2.1 Is the Mandate Free or Imperative? -- 2.1.2.2 Is the Mandate (In)compatible with Other Occupations? -- 2.1.2.3 Does the Constitution Provide for the Deputy´s Salary? -- 2.1.2.4 Does the Constitution List Causes That Lead to a Loss of the Mandate? -- 2.1.2.5 Are the Rules Regulated in the Constitution or by National Laws? -- 2.2 The Deputy: Immunity and Indemnity -- 2.2.1 Overview over Immunity and Indemnity -- 2.2.1.1 Definition -- 2.2.1.2 Purpose and Function of Immunity and Indemnity -- 2.2.1.3 Legal Nature/Character -- 2.2.1.4 Historical Context -- 2.2.1.5 Structural Approach and Guiding Questions -- 2.2.2 Details of the Clause -- 2.2.2.1 Is Indemnity Guaranteed at All? -- 2.2.2.2 What Is the Scope of Indemnity? -- 2.2.2.3 Are There Exceptions for Certain Crimes?. ; 2.2.2.4 Is There a Temporal Limit of Indemnity? -- 2.2.2.5 Is Immunity Guaranteed at All? -- 2.2.2.6 What Is the Scope of Immunity? -- 2.2.2.7 Is There a Temporal Limit to Immunity? -- 2.2.2.8 Can Immunity/Indemnity Be Lifted? -- 2.2.2.9 Can a Court Review the Decision? -- References -- 3: Political Parties and Thresholds -- 3.1 Rules Around Political Parties -- 3.1.1 Overview of the Clauses Referring to Political Parties -- 3.1.1.1 Definition, Purpose and Function of Political Parties -- 3.1.1.2 Historical Context -- 3.1.1.3 Procedural Questions -- 3.1.1.4 Structural Approach and Guiding Questions -- 3.1.2 Details of the Clauses Concerning Political Parties -- 3.1.2.1 Qualification as Political Party -- 3.1.2.2 Protection of Political Parties -- 3.1.2.3 Ban and Dissolution -- 3.1.2.4 Party Financing -- 3.1.2.5 Necessity of a Constitutional Rule Concerning Political Parties -- 3.2 Election Thresholds Including Allocation of Non-counting Votes -- 3.2.1 Overview of the Threshold Clause -- 3.2.1.1 Definition -- 3.2.1.2 Historical Context and Purpose of a Threshold Clause -- 3.2.1.3 Disadvantages of a Threshold Clause -- 3.2.1.4 Structural Approach and Guiding Questions -- 3.2.2 Details of a Threshold Clause in a Constitutional System -- 3.2.2.1 Majority System -- 3.2.2.2 Proportional System -- 3.2.2.3 Level of the Threshold -- 3.2.2.4 Does the Threshold Apply to Parties or Party Coalitions? -- 3.2.2.5 Exemptions to Support Regionally Strong Parties -- 3.2.2.5.1 Option 1: (Alternative) Threshold on District Level -- 3.2.2.5.2 Option 2: No Application of Threshold if Party Wins Several Seats in a Constituency -- 3.2.2.6 Allocation of ``Wasted´´ (i.e. Unallocated) Votes -- 3.2.2.7 Regulation on Constitutional Level or by Ordinary Law? -- An illustration of a rectangle-shaded box with a thick borderline.Electoral Laws Referred to in This Chapter. ; References -- 4: Internal Organisation of Parliament and Role of the Opposition -- 4.1 Overview of the Organisation of Parliament (Speaker, Praesidium, Committees, Factions and the Opposition) -- 4.1.1 Historical Context -- 4.1.2 Purpose and Function of Parliament -- 4.1.3 Procedural Questions -- 4.1.4 Structural Approach and Guiding Questions -- 4.2 Details of the Clauses -- 4.2.1 The Speaker -- 4.2.2 The Presidium -- 4.2.3 Committees -- 4.2.4 Faction -- 4.2.5 Opposition -- 4.2.5.1 Constitutional Establishment of the Main Principles -- 4.2.5.2 Status of Members of Parliament -- 4.2.5.3 Financial Resources of Factions -- 4.2.5.4 Non-parliamentary Actors -- 4.2.5.5 Allocation of Positions of Responsibility -- 4.2.5.6 Procedural Decisions Within Parliament -- 4.2.5.7 Allocation of Speaking Time -- 4.2.5.8 Amendments by the Opposition to Proposed Bills -- 4.2.5.9 Qualified Majorities for Bills -- 4.2.5.9.1 Participation by the Opposition in the Appointment of Senior Office Holders -- 4.2.6 Detail of Regulation -- References -- 5: Investigative Committees and Inquisitorial Rights -- 5.1 Investigative Committees -- 5.1.1 Overview of the Investigative Committee -- 5.1.1.1 Definition -- 5.1.1.2 Historical Context -- 5.1.1.3 Function -- 5.1.1.4 Caveat: Limits of the Function -- 5.1.1.5 Procedural Questions -- 5.1.1.6 Structural Approach and Guiding Questions -- 5.1.2 Details of the Clause Concerning Investigative Committees -- 5.1.2.1 How Can the Parliament form an Investigative Committee? -- 5.1.2.1.1 What Organ Is Responsible for the Formation? -- 5.1.2.1.2 What Majority Is Required? -- 5.1.2.2 What Is the Subject and Scope of the Investigation? -- 5.1.2.3 How Is the Committee Composed? -- 5.1.2.4 What Rights and Limits of Investigation or Intervention Does the Committee Have? -- 5.1.2.4.1 General Powers -- 5.1.2.4.2 Exceptions and Prerequisites. ; 5.1.2.5 How Do the Findings Relate to the Judiciary? -- 5.1.2.6 When and How Is the Committee Dissolved? -- 5.1.2.7 Regulation on Constitutional Level or by Ordinary Law? -- 5.2 Inquisitorial Rights -- 5.2.1 Overview of Inquisitorial Rights -- 5.2.1.1 Definition -- 5.2.1.2 Historical Context -- 5.2.1.3 Function -- 5.2.1.4 Structural Approach and Guiding Questions Concerning Inquisitorial Rights -- 5.2.2 Details of the Clauses Concerning Parliament´s Inquisitorial Rights -- 5.2.2.1 Right of Questioning -- 5.2.2.1.1 Overview -- 5.2.2.1.2 Written Enquiries -- 5.2.2.1.3 Institutionalized Regular Question Time -- 5.2.2.1.4 Means of Enforcing the Right of Questioning -- 5.2.2.2 Right of Interpellation -- 5.2.2.2.1 Overview -- 5.2.2.2.2 Initiation Threshold -- 5.2.2.2.3 Addressee -- 5.2.2.2.4 Duty to Personally Attend -- 5.2.2.2.5 Obligation to Respond -- 5.2.2.3 Allowed Scope of Questions -- References -- 6: Legislation -- 6.1 Overview -- 6.2 Legislative Initiative -- 6.2.1 Detailed Provisions -- 6.2.2 Remarks -- 6.3 Reading of Laws -- 6.3.1 Detailed Provisions -- 6.3.2 Remarks -- 6.4 Solution of Bicameral Conflicts -- 6.4.1 Detailed Provisions -- 6.4.2 Remarks -- 6.5 Approval and Control of Legislative Acts -- 6.5.1 Detailed Provisions -- 6.5.2 Remarks -- 6.6 Parliamentary Reservation and Delegated Legislation -- 6.6.1 Overview -- 6.6.2 Parliamentary Reservation -- 6.6.3 Remarks -- 6.6.4 Delegated Legislation -- 6.6.5 Remarks -- References -- Part II: President -- 7: The Presidential Office: Qualification, Election and Term -- 7.1 Qualification and Oath -- 7.1.1 Overview of the Presidential Qualifications and Oath -- 7.1.1.1 Definitions -- 7.1.1.2 Historical Context -- 7.1.1.3 Qualification Clause -- 7.1.1.4 Oath -- 7.1.1.5 Potential of Misuse -- 7.1.2 Structural Approach and Guiding Questions and Qualifications -- 7.1.2.1 Age Restrictions. ; 7.1.2.2 Citizenship -- 7.1.2.2.1 Citizenship Requirements -- 7.1.2.2.2 Controversy ``Natural-Born´´ -- 7.1.2.2.3 Term Citizenship ``By Origin´´ -- 7.1.2.2.4 Citizenship Requirements for Relatives -- 7.1.2.3 Residence -- 7.1.2.4 Right to Vote and Eligibility -- 7.1.2.5 Education and Religion -- 7.1.2.5.1 An Issue in Poor and Religious Countries -- 7.1.2.5.2 Recommendation for a Democratic Society -- 7.1.2.6 Incompatibilities -- 7.1.2.6.1 Ineligibility -- 7.1.2.6.2 Other Reasons for Incompatibility -- 7.1.2.7 Possible Solutions to Prevent Misuse and Negative List -- 7.1.2.8 Clause to Restrict Amendments -- 7.1.3 Oath -- 7.2 Election of the President -- 7.2.1 Overview -- 7.2.1.1 Definition and Purpose of the Provision -- 7.2.1.2 Historical Context -- 7.2.1.3 Criteria for a ``Good´´ Election Clause -- 7.2.2 Procedural Questions -- 7.2.3 Structural Approach -- 7.2.4 Details of the Election Clause -- 7.2.4.1 When Does the Election Take Place? -- 7.2.4.2 How Are the Candidates Pre-selected? -- 7.2.4.3 Direct or Indirect Election? -- 7.2.4.4 In Case of an Indirect Election, Which Body Elects the President? -- 7.2.5 Which Majority Is Required To Be Voted into Office? -- 7.2.6 Is There a Minimum Turnout Rate? -- 7.2.7 What Happens if the Candidate Does Not Obtain the Required Majority? -- 7.2.8 Supplementing Provisions -- 7.3 Duration of Presidential Term -- 7.3.1 Overview -- 7.3.1.1 Definition -- 7.3.1.2 Purpose and Function of the Rule -- 7.3.1.3 Historical Context -- 7.3.2 Structural Approach and Guiding Questions -- 7.3.3 Details of the Clause Concerning the Duration of Office -- 7.3.3.1 Is a Limitation of the Duration of Office at All Required? -- 7.3.3.2 Which Duration Is Advisable? -- 7.3.3.3 Is a Limit of Possible Re-elections Advisable? -- 7.3.3.4 Limited Number of Re-elections After Regular Election into Office. ; 7.3.3.5 Limited Number of Re-election After Not Being Elected into Office.
• Titolo autorizzato: Writing constitutions
• ISBN: 3-030-94602-9
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910632468903321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II