Engineered biochar : fundamentals, preparation, characterization and applications / / Sudipta Ramola [and four others], editors

• Pubblicazione: Singapore : , : Springer, , [2022]; ©2022
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (vii, 381 pages) : illustrations (some color)
• Disciplina: 662.88
• Soggetto topico: Biochar; Biochar - Industrial applications
• Persona (resp. second.): RamolaSudipta
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Contents -- Engineered Biochar: Fundaments -- Pristine Biochar and Engineered Biochar: Differences and Application -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Production of Pristine Biochar -- 3 Modified Biochar -- 3.1 Physical Modification -- 3.2 Chemical Modification -- 3.3 Biochar-Based Composite -- 4 Applications of Biochar -- 4.1 Biochar for Soil Conditioning and Carbon Sequestration -- 4.2 Biochar for Remediation of Pollutants from Aqueous Medium -- 4.3 Biochar Application for Removal of the Pathogen -- 5 Factors Affecting Adsorption by Biochar -- 5.1 pH -- 5.2 Functional Groups Present in Biochar -- 5.3 Minerals in Biochar -- 6 Conclusion and Recommendation for Future Direction -- References -- Waste to Wealth: Types of Raw Materials for Preparation of Biochar and Their Characteristics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Biochar Characterization -- 3 Classification of Biochar -- 4 Raw Materials for the Preparation of Biochar -- 4.1 Effect of Type of Raw Material on Biochar Properties -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Biochar Preparation by Different Thermo-Chemical Conversion Processes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Biomass Pyrolysis -- 2.1 Overview of the Pyrolysis Process -- 2.2 Slow Pyrolysis -- 2.3 Intermediate Pyrolysis -- 2.4 Fast Pyrolysis -- 2.5 Microwave Pyrolysis -- 3 Biomass Gasification -- 4 Biomass Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) -- 5 Conclusion and Prospects -- 5.1 An Overview of the Current Status of Biochar Production -- References -- Engineered Biochar: Preparation and Characterization -- Physical Treatment for Biochar Modification: Opportunities, Limitations and Advantages -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Biochar Activation/Treatment -- 3 Physical Modification of Biochar -- 3.1 Physical Modification Type I-Gaseous Activation -- 3.2 Physical Modification Type II-Ozone (O3) Activation -- 3.3 Physical Modification Type III-Thermal Activation. ; 3.4 Physical Modification Type IV-Microwave Activation -- 3.5 Physical Modification Type V-Ultrasound Activation -- 3.6 Physical Modification Type VI-Plasma Activation -- 3.7 Physical Modification Type VII-Electrochemical Modification -- 4 Limitations of Physical Modifications -- 5 Conclusions and Future Prospects -- References -- Chemical Treatments for Biochar Modification: Opportunities, Limitations and Advantages -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Chemical Modification of Biochar -- 2.1 Acidic Modification -- 2.2 Alkaline Modification -- 2.3 Modification Using Oxidizing Agents -- 2.4 Modification Using Metal Salts and Metal Oxides -- 2.5 Modification Using Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) -- 2.6 Modification Using Clay Minerals -- 2.7 Magnetic Modification of Biochar -- 3 Advantages of Chemical Modifications -- 3.1 Improvement in Physical Properties of Biochar -- 3.2 Enhancement in Chemical Properties of Biochar -- 3.3 Enhancement in Electric and Magnetic Properties of Biochar -- 4 Limitations of Chemical Modifications of Biochar -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Biological Treatment for Biochar Modification: Opportunities, Limitations, and Advantages -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Biological Modification Techniques -- 2.1 Interaction of Biochar with Intestinal Enzymes of Earthworms -- 2.2 Pyrolysis of Anaerobically Digested (AD) Waste -- 3 Effect of Biological Modification -- 3.1 On Microbial Properties -- 3.2 On Biochar Properties -- 4 Mechanisms Involved in Biological Modification of Biochar -- 4.1 Biological Modification Through Intestinal Enzymes of Earthworms -- 4.2 Biological Modification by Pyrolysis of Anaerobically Digested (AD) Biomass -- 5 Applications of Biologically Modified Biochar -- 6 Advantages and Limitations of Biological Modification of Biochar -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- New Trends in Pyrolysis Methods: Opportunities, Limitations, and Advantages. ; 1 Introduction -- 2 Principle of New Pyrolysis Methods -- 2.1 Co-pyrolysis -- 2.2 Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis -- 2.3 Pyrolysis Under Non-inert Ambiances -- 2.4 Hydrothermal Carbonization (Wet Pyrolysis) -- 2.5 Integrated Pyrolysis Techniques -- 3 Advantages of New Pyrolysis Methods -- 3.1 Co-pyrolysis -- 3.2 Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis -- 3.3 Pyrolysis Under Non-inert Ambiances -- 3.4 Hydrothermal Carbonization -- 3.5 Integrated Pyrolysis Techniques -- 4 Limitations of New Pyrolysis Methods -- 4.1 Co-pyrolysis -- 4.2 Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis -- 4.3 Pyrolysis Under Non-inert Ambiances -- 4.4 Hydrothermal Carbonization -- 4.5 Integrated Pyrolysis Techniques -- 5 Conclusion and Future Prospects -- References -- Characterization of Engineered Biochar: Proximate Analyses, Ultimate Analyses, Physicochemical Analyses, Surface Analyses, and Molecular Analyses -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Proximate Analysis -- 3 Ultimate Analysis -- 4 Physicochemical Analyses -- 4.1 Physical Analyses -- 4.2 Chemical Analyses -- 5 Surface Analyses -- 5.1 Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) -- 5.2 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) -- 5.3 Specific Surface Area (BET) -- 6 Molecular Analyses -- 7 Limitations of Characterization of Engineered Biochar -- 8 Conclusions and Future Prospects -- References -- Engineered Biochar: Applications -- Engineered Biochar as Adsorbent for Removal of Heavy Metals from Soil Medium -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Soil Fertility Status of Indian Soils -- 3 Heavy metal -- 3.1 Adverse effects of heavy metals on Plant -- 3.2 Adverse effects of heavy metals on human -- 4 Heavy metal pathway in human being -- 5 Role of Biochar in Agriculture -- 5.1 Properties of biochar -- 6 Remediation methods of heavy metal from ecosystems -- 6.1 Role of biochar in heavy metal remediation -- 7 Conclusions and future prospects -- References. ; Engineered Biochar as Adsorbent for Removal of Emerging Contaminants from Aqueous and Soil Medium -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Pharmaceuticals -- 2.1 Antibiotics -- 2.2 Anti-inflammatory Pharmaceuticals -- 2.3 Antidepressants -- 3 Personal Care Products Components -- 3.1 Synthetic and Natural Hormones -- 3.2 Pesticides -- 3.3 Triclosan -- 4 Organic Solvents and Dyes -- 5 Nitrogen and Phosphorus Contaminants -- 5.1 Nitrates -- 5.2 Phosphates -- 5.3 Ammonia -- 6 Microplastic -- 7 Conclusions and Future Prospects -- References -- Engineered Biochar as Soil Fertilizer -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Engineered Biochar: Definition and Need -- 2 Bibliometric Analysis for Research on Engineered Biochar as Soil Fertilizer -- 3 Engineered Biochar as Soil Fertilizer -- 4 Enhanced Properties of Engineered Biochar and Its Impact on Soil Properties -- 4.1 Physicochemical Properties -- 4.2 Improvement in Soil Nutrient Contents -- 4.3 Soil Biological Properties -- 4.4 Crop Responses to Engineered Biochar Application -- 5 Limitations Related to Engineered Biochar Use as Soil Fertilizer -- 6 Conclusion and Future Prospects -- References -- Engineered Biochar: Sink and Sequestration of Carbon -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Relevant Characteristics of Biochar for CO2 Capture and Sequestration -- 2.1 Physical Properties -- 2.2 Chemical Properties -- 3 Engineered Biochar Potential for Carbon Capture and Sequestration -- 4 Limitations -- 5 Conclusions and Future Prospects -- References -- Engineered Biochar as Gas Adsorbent -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 History of Gas Adsorption -- 1.2 Origin of Biochar Applications -- 1.3 Adsorbent-Application of Adsorption Technique on Biochar -- 2 Principle of the Gas Sorption -- 2.1 Mechanism of Gas Adsorption and Desorption Processes -- 2.2 Isotherm of Gas Adsorption -- 2.3 Kinetics of Gas Adsorption -- 2.4 Thermodynamics of Gas Adsorption. ; 3 Changing Biochar Properties by Modification -- 4 Studies of Engineered Biochar as Gas Adsorbent -- 4.1 CO2 Adsorbents -- 4.2 Other Gas Adsorbents -- 5 Limitations -- 6 Conclusions and Future Prospects -- References -- Engineered Biochar as Supercapacitors -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Principle of Supercapacitor -- 2.1 Electric Double Layer (EDL) -- 2.2 Performance of Supercapacitor -- 3 Components of Supercapacitor -- 3.1 Separator -- 3.2 Electrolyte -- 3.3 Current Collector -- 3.4 Polarizable Electrode -- 3.5 Style and Construction of Supercapacitor -- 4 Preparation of Biochar for Electrode Material of Supercapacitor -- 4.1 Physical Activation -- 4.2 Chemical Activation -- 5 Biochar as Supercapacitor Electrode -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Engineered Biochar as a Catalyst -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Modified Biochar as Catalysts -- 2.1 Modified Biochar as a Catalyst in Advanced Oxidation Processes -- 2.2 Modified Biochar in Photocatalysis of Emerging Pollutants -- 2.3 Modified Biochar as a Catalyst in Energy Production Applications -- 3 Conclusion and Future Prospects -- References -- Engineered Biochar as Construction Material -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Properties of Engineered Biochar Suitable for Geoengineering and Advantages -- 2.1 Chemical Stability of Engineered Biochar -- 2.2 Low Thermal Conductivity -- 2.3 Flammability -- 3 Effect of Engineered Biochar on the Characteristics of Building Materials -- 3.1 Physical Properties -- 3.2 Mechanical Properties -- 3.3 Durability Properties -- 4 Applications of Engineered Biochar for Geoengineering -- 4.1 Insulation Material -- 4.2 Biochar-Based Clay and Lime Plasters -- 4.3 Building Bricks, Tiles, and Concrete -- 4.4 Biochar Roof Tiles -- 5 Limitations of Engineered Biochar for Geoengineering -- 6 Conclusions and Future Prospects -- References. ; Engineered Biochar as Feed Supplement and Other Husbandry Applications.
• Titolo autorizzato: Engineered Biochar
• ISBN: 981-19-2488-0
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910586581903321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II