Continuous emission monitoring / / James A. Jahnke

• Autore: Jahnke J. A (James A.)
• Pubblicazione: Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley, , [2022]; ©2022
• Edizione: Third edition.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (467 pages)
• Disciplina: 628.530287
• Soggetto topico: Continuous emission monitoring
• Soggetto genere / forma: Electronic books.
• Note generali: Includes index.
• Nota di contenuto: COVER -- TITLE PAGE -- COPYRIGHT PAGE -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO CEM SYSTEMS -- A BRIEF HISTORY -- TYPES OF MONITORING SYSTEMS -- Extractive Systems -- In-Situ Systems -- Remote Sensors -- Parameter Monitoring Systems -- Analytical Techniques Used in CEM System Instrumentation -- Data Acquisition and Handling Systems -- THE ROLE OF QUALITY ASSURANCE -- APPLICATION -- SUMMARY -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER 2 CEM REGULATIONS -- IMPLEMENTING RULES IN THE UNITED STATES -- U.S. Federal Implementing Rules -- State Programs and Federal Programs Administered by the States -- 40 CFR Part 62 - Federal Requirements for Existing Units Not Covered by a State Plan -- 40 CFR Part 70 - Title V Operating Permits -- PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS -- QUALITY ASSURANCE REQUIREMENTS -- Part 60 Quality Assurance Procedures -- Other U.S. QA Procedures -- The Role of Calibration Gases -- INTERNATIONAL RULES -- Canada -- Europe -- Asia -- Latin America* -- Developing a National Continuous Emission Monitoring Program -- ENFORCEMENT POLICIES AND CEM SYSTEMS -- Compliance Indicating Systems - Using CEM Systems for Reporting Excess Emissions -- Enforcement Levels -- Level 2 -- Compliance Monitoring Systems - Using CEM Systems for Direct Compliance -- Compliance Assurance Monitoring and the Credible Evidence Rule -- Periodic Monitoring -- Epilogue -- REFERENCES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER 3 EXTRACTIVE SYSTEM DESIGN -- SOURCE-LEVEL EXTRACTIVE SYSTEMS -- Hot/Wet Systems -- Cool/Dry Systems with Conditioning -- Sample Probes -- Umbilical Line -- Calibration Gas System and Cylinder Gas Pressure Regulators -- Moisture Removal Methods -- Sample Pumps -- Fine Filters -- Assembling a Cool/Dry Extractive System -- CLOSE-COUPLED SYSTEMS -- DILUTION EXTRACTIVE SYSTEMS -- Dilution Probes -- Dilution Air Cleanup Systems -- External Dilution Systems (Probes). ; Enhancing the Operation of Dilution Systems -- Dilution Extractive Systems: Wet or Dry Measurement? -- SAMPLING INTERFACE/MONITOR CALIBRATION -- EXTRACTIVE SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES -- MINI-SYSTEMS -- MODULAR SAMPLING SYSTEMS -- CHAPTER 4 INTRODUCTION TO THE ANALYTICAL METHODS -- THE PROPERTIES OF LIGHT -- The Wave Nature of Light -- Absorption of Light by Molecules -- The Beer-Lambert Law -- LIGHT SCATTERING BY PARTICLES -- Rayleigh Scattering: r/λ ≤ 1 -- Mie Scattering: r/λ = 1 -- Geometric Optics: r/λ ≥ 1 -- Opacity and Transmittance -- Bouguer's Law -- COMPONENTS OF A SPECTROMETER: BUILDING AN INSTRUMENT -- Radiation Sources -- Wavelength Selection -- Detectors -- Multipath Gas Cells -- Optical Components -- Constructing a Spectrophotometer -- CHAPTER 5 EXTRACTIVE SYSTEM ANALYZERS -- SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS - INFRARED MONITORING INSTRUMENTS -- Nondispersive Infrared Analyzers -- Laser-Based Analyzers -- Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy -- SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS - ULTRAVIOLET MONITORING INSTRUMENTS -- Nondispersive Ultraviolet Photometers -- SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS - LUMINESCENCE -- Fluorescence Analyzers for SO2 Measurement -- Chemiluminescence Analyzers for NO and NOx Measurement -- Low NOx Measurements. -- ELECTROANALYTICAL METHODS -- Polarographic Analyzers -- Potentiometric Analyzers Using Ion-Selective Electrodes -- Electrocatalytic Analyzers for Measuring Oxygen -- Paramagnetic Techniques for Measuring Oxygen -- Magnetopneumatic Instruments -- Thermal Conductivity Analyzers -- DEVELOPMENTS IN EXTRACTIVE SYSTEM GAS ANALYZERS -- Traditional Approaches -- Developing Approaches -- CHAPTER 6 IN-SITU GAS MONITORING SYSTEMS -- POINT (SHORT-PATH) IN-SITU MONITORS -- Probe Designs -- Point Monitor Analytical Methods -- Electrocatalytic In-situ Method -- Advantages and Limitations of Point In-situ Systems. ; INTEGRATED-PATH MONITORING SYSTEMS -- Single-Pass Systems -- Double-Pass Systems -- Optical Depth -- Stratification Issues -- Integrated-Path Analyzer Calibration Issues -- Integrated-Path Analyzer Analytical Methods -- Advantages and Limitations of Integrated-Path CEM Systems -- Certification Test Criteria for Integrated-Path Monitors -- Quality Assurance for In-situ CEM Systems -- IN-SITU SYSTEMS VS. EXTRACTIVE SYSTEMS -- CHAPTER 7 FLOW RATE MONITORS -- REFERENCE METHODS FOR VOLUMETRIC FLOW -- Type-S Pitot Tube (Method 2) -- Three-Dimensional Pitot Tubes (Method 2F) -- Yaw-Nulling (Method 2G) -- Wall-Effect Measurements (Method 2H and CTM-041) -- Vane Anemometers -- Tracer Gas Dilution -- CONTINUOUS FLOW MONITORING METHODS -- Single Type-S Pitot Tube -- Averaging Differential Pressure Probes -- Thermal Mass Flowmeters -- Ultrasonic Flow Monitors -- Time-of-Flight Methods -- OTHER METHODS -- The Stack Venturi -- Physical Models -- Computational Fluid Dynamics -- Determination of Flow Rates from Engineering Calculations -- MONITORING FLOW IN PIPES -- CALIBRATING FLOW MONITORING SYSTEMS -- The "Pre-RATA" and the K Factor -- Problems in Calibrating Against a Reference Method -- PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS FOR FLOW MONITOR CERTIFICATION -- Part 60 Appendix B Performance Specification 6 -- Part 75 Appendix A Specifications. -- Environment Canada Specifications -- EN-ISO 16911 Specifications -- FLOW MONITOR QUALITY ASSURANCE -- Daily Calibration Checks -- Daily Interference Checks -- Quarterly Leak Checks -- Flow-to-Load Ratio Test -- Semiannual/Annual RATA -- CHAPTER 8 OPACITY MONITORS -- BASIC COMPONENTS OF TRANSMISSOMETERS -- DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS AND MANUFACTURER'S PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS FOR OPACITY MONITORS -- Opacity Monitoring Specific Design Criteria -- Manufacturers' Performance Specification Tests. ; Design Specifications For Low-Level Opacity Monitors -- OPACITY MONITOR INSTRUMENT DESIGN -- Beam Splitter Techniques -- Optical Density/Opacity Calculations -- Stack-Exit Correlation -- Calibration Filter Selection -- Combiner Equations -- Opacity-Mass Correlations -- OPACITY MONITOR PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS -- Installation Requirements -- Field Audit Performance Tests -- Opacity Monitor Quality Assurance -- Quality Assurance Plan -- Daily Zero and Upscale Calibration Drift Test -- Quarterly Audit - Three-Point Calibration Error Test -- Annual Primary Zero Alignment -- Corrective Maintenance and Diagnostic Tests -- REFERENCES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER 9 CONTINUOUS PARTICULATE MONITORING -- REGULATORY SPECIFICATIONS -- CALIBRATING PARTICULATE MATTER CEMS (PM CEMS) -- Reference Method Tests -- Statistical Analysis Procedures -- Issues Associated with the Correlation Method -- CONTINUOUS PARAMETER MONITORING SYSTEMS (PM CPMS) -- Determining the Operating Limit (Case A) -- Determining the Operating Limit (Case B) -- BAG LEAK DETECTORS (BLD) -- ALTERNATIVE CALIBRATION METHODS -- Generating Reference Samples -- Mass References -- Particle Size Standards -- PARTICULATE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES -- Accumulated Mass Sensors -- Optical Sensors -- Hybrid (Combination) Systems -- Monitoring in Wet Stacks -- Probe Electrification Methods - Triboelectric Devices Applied for Bag Leak Detection -- Choosing a PM System -- PM CEMS QUALITY ASSURANCE - REQUIREMENTS FOR CONTINIUING OPERATION -- The Quality Assurance/Quality Control Manual -- Routine Checks -- Quarterly Audits -- PM Correlation Audits -- DEVELOPMENTS IN PM CEMS -- CHAPTER 10 CEM SYSTEM CONTROL, DATA ACQUISITION, AND REPORTING -- CONTROL SYSTEMS -- Computer Control -- Programmable Logic Controllers -- Data Loggers -- Embedded Microprocessors -- THE DAHS COMPUTER -- CEM System Software Development. ; Data Handling Functions of the DAHS Computer -- Data Reporting -- The U.S. EPA Excess Emission Report -- The U.S. EPA Part 75 Electronic Data Report -- Other U.S. Reporting Programs -- Communication -- DAHS QUALITY ASSURANCE -- SUMMARY -- CHAPTER 11 CERTIFYING CEM SYSTEMS -- PART 60 PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES -- Installation Specifications -- PART 60 DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS FOR GAS MONITORING SYSTEMS -- Span -- Calibration Drift Capability -- PART 60 PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS FOR GAS MONITORS -- Performance Specification Test (PST) Procedures in the United States and Canada -- The Calibration Drift (Error) Test -- Part 60 Calibration Drift Calculations -- The Linearity (Measurement Error) Test -- The Environment Canada Calibration Drift Test -- Cycle Time/Response Time Test -- Dynamic Spiking Test (Method of Standard Additions) -- The Relative Accuracy Test -- Bias Tests -- Relative Accuracy Procedure as a Percentage of the Emission Limit -- Relative Accuracy as a Percentage of Certified Gas Concentration (Alternative Procedures) -- The Relative Accuracy Test Report -- Causes for Failure of a Relative Accuracy Test -- PART 75 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS -- PART 63.8 MONITORING REQUIREMENTS -- ENVIRONMENT CANADA EPS/1/PG/7 CEM GUIDELINES -- INTERNATIONAL APPROACHES TO CEM SYSTEM CERTIFICATION AND APPROVAL -- International Standards Organization (ISO) Standards for Gas Monitoring Systems -- The European Union EN 14181 Standard for Automated Monitoring Systems -- DEVELOPING CEM CERTIFICATION PROCEDURES AND STANDARDS -- CHAPTER 12 MONITORING FOR MERCURY -- MERCURY ISSUES -- MERCURY REGULATIONS -- Coal-Fired Electric Generating Units -- Cement Plants -- Municipal Waste Combustors and Incinerators -- Canadian Mercury Regulations -- Mercury Emissions Outside of North America -- MERCURY MONITORING -- Analytical Methods for Mercury Monitoring. ; Continuous Mercury Monitoring Systems.
• Titolo autorizzato: Continuous emission monitoring
• ISBN: 1-119-43400-9; 1-119-43399-1
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910566692403321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II