The Arabian Seas: Biodiversity, Environmental Challenges and Conservation Measures / / edited by Laith A. Jawad

• Pubblicazione: Cham : , : Springer International Publishing : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2021
• Edizione: 1st ed. 2021.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (xxv, 1,377 pages) : illustrations, maps
• Disciplina: 578.77537
• Soggetto topico: Ecology; Conservation biology; Water; Hydrology; Biotic communities; Oceanography; Conservation Biology; Ecosystems; Ocean Sciences
• Persona (resp. second.): JawadLaith A.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Editor and Contributors -- Introduction -- 1 The Name of the Studied Area -- 2 The Geographical and Geological Settings -- 3 Biodiversity -- 4 Faunal Domains -- References -- Part I: Historical Perspectives -- History and Geography of the Arabian Gulf -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Arabian Gulf in General -- 2.1 Names of the Gulf -- 2.2 History of the Arabian Gulf Before Christ -- 2.3 History of the Arabian Gulf After Christ -- 2.4 The Ottomans and the Desired World Powers -- 3 History of Arabian Gulf Countries -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Kuwait -- 3.3 Bahrain -- 3.4 Qatar -- 3.5 The United Arab Emirates -- 3.6 Sultanate of Oman -- 3.7 Saudi Arabia -- References -- Documents -- Periodicals -- Books -- Map -- The Prehistoric Fishers and Gatherers of the Northern and Western Coasts of the Arabian Sea -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Environmental Conditions, Natural Resources, and Coastal Constraints -- 3 History of the Research -- 4 Resources Exploitation -- 5 Seafaring -- 6 Social Aspects of the Exploitation of Marine Resources -- 7 Inferring Fishing Gears and Methods from Material Culture Remains -- 8 Discussion -- References -- Part II: Environmental Aspects -- The Biogeochemical Features of Kuwaiti Water in the Northwestern Arabian Gulf: Current State of Knowledge and Future -- 1 Introduction and Background -- 2 Hydrography: The Physical Settings -- 3 Climatically Important Gases and Their Components -- 4 Biogeochemistry of Bio-essential Macronutrients and Trace Elements -- 5 Chlorophyll a and Productivity -- 6 Impact of Anthropogenic Perturbations and Climate Change in Kuwaiti Waters -- 7 Concluding Remarks and Future Recommendations -- References -- Some Physical Oceanographic Aspects of Kuwait and Arabian Gulf Marine Environment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Some Physical Oceanographic Aspects of Arabian Gulf. ; 2.1 Precipitation, Evaporation, and Flow of Seawater in and out of Arabian Gulf -- 2.2 General Topography of the Countries Around Arabian Gulf -- 2.3 Bathymetry of Arabian Gulf -- 2.4 Tidal Variation in the Arabian Gulf -- 2.5 Wind Speed and Direction -- 2.6 Maximum Tidal Current in the Arabian Gulf -- 2.7 Maximum Wave Heights and Periods Inside the Arabian Gulf -- 3 Some Physical Oceanographic Aspects of Kuwaiti Territorial Waters -- 3.1 Tidal Variation off Kuwaiti Territorial Waters -- 3.2 Tide-Induced Current in the Kuwaiti Territorial Waters -- 3.3 Maximum Significant Wave Heights in the Kuwaiti Territorial Waters -- 3.4 Wave Period in Kuwaiti Territorial Waters -- 3.5 Water Transparency in Kuwaiti Territorial Waters -- 3.6 Seawater Turbidity Around Boubyan Island in Kuwait Based on Field Measurements -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Low Oxygen Zones Predict Future Condition of Fish Under Climate Change -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data Resources and Analysis -- 3 Results Obtained -- 4 Discussion -- Appendix -- References -- Dust Storms and Its Benefits to the Marine Life of the Arabian Gulf -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Dust Storms over the Arabian Gulf -- 2.1 Data Collection and Analyses Results -- 2.2 Dust Fertilization of the Arabian Gulf Marine Ecosystem -- 2.3 Impacts of Dust Fertilization on Health, Economy, and Biodiversity of the Arabian Gulf -- References -- Desert Dust as a Vector for Cyanobacterial Toxins -- 1 Background: Brief Description of Deserts and Dust Storm Fronts -- 2 Overview of Components of Air That May Pose Risks to Human Health -- 3 Cyanobacterial Toxins and Exposure Routes for Humans and Animals Within Deserts -- 3.1 Water -- 3.2 Food -- 3.3 Aerosols/Airborne Particles -- 4 Remediation -- 4.1 Water -- 4.2 Food -- 4.3 Airborne/Aerosol -- 5 Steps That Need to Be Taken to Seal the Gaps of Our Understanding. ; 6 Future Issues with Respect to Climate Change -- References -- Part III: Geological Aspects -- The Geology of Iraqi Territorial Waters, Northwest of the Arabian Gulf -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Lower Mesopotamia -- 3 Physiography of the Study Area -- 4 Tectonic Setting -- 5 Stratigraphy -- 6 Basement Sedimentary Cover -- 7 Geomorphology and Sedimentology -- 7.1 Geomorphology -- 7.2 Sedimentology -- References -- Deep Tectono-Geodynamic Aspects of Development of the Nubian-Arabian Region and Its Relationship with Subsurface Structure -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data Analysis -- 2.1 Brief Analysis of the Terrain Relief Field -- 2.2 Analysis of the Satellite-Derived Gravity Data -- 2.3 Analysis of the Airborne (Mainly) Magnetic Data -- 2.4 Brief Analysis of Thermal Data -- 3 Tectono-Geophysical Examination -- 4 Development of the Tectonic Map -- 5 Some Examples of Relationship Between Geophysical-Geodynamic Factors and Environments -- 5.1 Relationship Between the Geodynamics and Paleogeography -- 5.2 Relationship Between the Solar Activity and Mud Volcanism -- 5.3 Relationship Between the Geological Epochs, Hydrospheric Disturbances and Paleomagnetic Reversals -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Freshwater Ostracoda from the Wetland Mid-Holocene Sediments, Dhamar Highlands, Yemen -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Material and Methods of Study -- 4 Taxonomy and Ecology of Ostracoda -- 5 Distribution and Paleoecology of Ostracods -- 6 Distribution of Ostracods in Asam Section (ASM4) -- 7 Distribution of Ostracods in Resabah Section (RES1) -- 8 Results and Discussion -- 9 Conclusion -- References -- Part IV: Major Biotopes -- Microbial and Physical Sedimentary Structures in the Tidal Flats of Khor Al-Zubair, NW of Arabian Gulf -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Appropriate Growth Conditions -- 3 Geologic Settings -- 3.1 Location of the Study Area. ; 3.2 Physical Conditions of the Area -- 4 Materials and Methods -- 5 Results -- 6 Discussion -- 6.1 Physical Structures -- 6.2 Biological Structures -- 6.3 Biophysical Structures -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Preliminary Account of the Ichthyoplankton of the Marine Waters of Iraq, Northwest Arabian Gulf -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Marine Waters of Iraq -- 3 Previous Studies on Ichthyoplankton in the Arabian Gulf Area -- 4 Importance of Estuaries -- 5 Environmental Factors Affecting Ichthyoplankton Distribution in Northwestern Arabian Gulf -- 5.1 Temperature, Salinity, and Turbidity -- 5.2 Spawning Season -- 5.3 Nearshore Distribution -- 5.4 Offshore Distribution -- 6 Larval Families Account -- 6.1 Gobiidae -- 6.2 Sciaenidae -- 6.3 Mugillidae -- 6.4 Engraulidae -- 6.5 Clupeidae -- 6.6 Soleidae -- 6.7 Hemiramphidae -- 6.8 Centriscidae -- 6.9 Syngnathidae -- 6.10 Scorpaenidae -- 6.11 Sillaginidae -- 6.12 Leiognathidae -- 6.13 Sparidae -- 6.14 Polynemidae -- 6.15 Trichiuridae -- 6.16 Cynoglossidae -- 6.17 Bothidae -- 6.18 Carangidae -- 6.19 Bregmacerotidae -- 6.20 Blenniidae -- 6.21 Chirocentridae -- 6.22 Pomadasyidae -- 6.23 Fish Egg Account -- 7 Discussion -- 8 Effect of Environmental Factors on Distribution of Ichthyoplankton in Northwestern Arabian Gulf -- 9 Zooplankton -- 10 Conclusion -- References -- Distribution and Abundance of Seagrasses in Qatar Marine Zone -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The Arabian/Persian Gulf/Gulf -- 2 Seagrasses -- 3 Seagrass Communities -- 4 Distribution of Seagrasses along the Coastline of the Red Sea -- 5 Distribution of Seagrasses along the Coastline of the Gulf -- 6 Distribution of Seagrasses along the Coastline of Qatar -- 7 Discussion -- References -- Marine Macroalgae in Qatar Marine Zone -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Classification of the Macroalgae -- 1.2 Economic Importance of Seaweeds -- 2 Study Location. ; 3 Materials and Methods -- 3.1 Materials -- 3.2 Methodology -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Macroalgae in the Gulfs -- 4.2 The Macroalgae in QMZ -- 4.2.1 The Chlorophyta -- 4.2.2 The Rhodophyta -- 4.2.3 The Ochrophyta -- 5 Summary -- References -- The Diversity of the Giant Clams and Their Associated Symbiodiniaceae Algae in the Red Sea -- 1 Introduction to the Red Sea -- References -- The Dynasty of the Pharaoh: Phylogeography and Cryptic Biodiversity of Sepia pharaonis Cuttlefish in Northwest Indian Ocean Pe... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sepia pharaonis -- 3 Divergence Time -- 4 Implications for Arabian Sea Fisheries Management and Biodiversity Conservation -- 5 Future Directions -- References -- Sharks and Rays of the Arabian Sea and Adjacent Waters -- 1 Background -- 2 The Arabian Sea and Adjacent Waters -- 3 Chondrichthyan Diversity in the Waters Surrounding the Arabian Peninsula -- 4 Conservation -- References -- Maturation, Spawning, and Feeding Habits of the Indian Mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817) from the Sea of Oman off... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Maturation and Spawning -- 2.1.1 Maturity Stages -- 2.1.2 Length at First Maturity -- 2.1.3 Spawning Season -- 2.1.4 Fecundity -- 2.1.5 Sex Ratio -- 2.2 Food Items and Feeding Intensity -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Maturation and Spawning -- 3.1.1 Gonadosomatic Index -- 3.1.2 Relative Condition Factor (Kn) -- 3.1.3 Spawning Season -- 3.1.4 Length at First Maturity -- 3.1.5 Sex Ratio -- 3.1.6 Fecundity -- 3.2 Food and Feeding Habits -- 3.2.1 General Food Composition -- 3.2.2 Feeding Intensity -- References -- Reproduction and Feeding of the Indian Oil Sardine Sardinella longiceps Val. from Mahout along the Arabian Sea Coast of Oman -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Maturation and Spawning -- 2.1.1 Maturity Stages -- 2.1.2 Length at First Maturity. ; 2.1.3 Spawning Season.
• Sommario/riassunto: The Arabian Seas Marine Region encompasses marine areas from Djibouti to Pakistan, including the northern part of Somalia, the Red Sea, the Arabian/Persian Gulf, and parts of the Arabian Sea. Human pressures on the coastal and marine environments are evident throughout the region, and have resulted in harmful environmental effects. Oil and domestic, urban and industrial pollutants in several areas of this part of the world have caused local habitat degradation, eutrophication and algal blooms. Further, coastal landfill, dredging, and sedimentation, as well as nutrient and sediment runoff from phosphate mining, agriculture and grazing, and reduction in freshwater seepage due to groundwater extraction are all contributing to the degradation of coastal environments. This book discusses aspects not covered in other books on the region, which largely focus on marine biodiversity, and examines several environmental challenges that are often ignored, but which have a significant impact on the environment. Evaluating the status quo, it also recommends conservation measures and examines the abiotic factors that play a major main role in the environmental changes. Lastly, the book addresses the biodiversity of the area, providing a general context for the conservation and management measures discussed.
• Titolo autorizzato: Arabian Seas
• ISBN: 3-030-51506-0
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910483678403321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Biomedical and Life Sciences Series