Understanding the origin of matter : perspectives in quantum chromodynamics / / David Blaschke [and three others]

• Pubblicazione: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2022]; ©2022
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (397 pages)
• Disciplina: 539.7548
• Soggetto topico: Quantum chromodynamics; Quantum chromodynamics - Mathematical models
• Persona (resp. second.): BlaschkeDavid
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acronyms -- Introduction -- Group Photo from the 53rd Karpacz Winter School on Theoretical Physics -- Part I Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions -- 1 Probing the QCD Phase Diagram with Heavy-Ion Collision Experiments -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 QCD Phase Diagram -- 1.3 BES at RHIC -- 1.4 STAR Experiment at RHIC -- 1.5 Results -- 1.5.1 Global Properties of Created Nuclear Matter -- 1.5.2 Onset of the QGP-Disappearance of Characteristic Signals of the Plasma Phase -- 1.5.3 Critical Point Search -- 1.5.4 Search for the First-Order Phase Transition -- 1.5.5 A Short Summary of What Have We Learned from BES I -- 1.6 Fixed-Target Mode -- 1.7 Beam Energy Scan Phase II (BES II) -- 1.8 In to the Future ... -- References -- 2 The Early Stage of Heavy-Ion Collisions -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Hadron Wave Function -- 2.2.1 Deep Inelastic Scattering -- 2.2.2 DGLAP Evolution Equation -- 2.2.3 Collinear Factorization -- 2.2.4 BFKL Evolution Equation -- 2.2.5 Saturation Momentum -- 2.3 Propagation of Fast Partons in Dense QCD Matter -- 2.3.1 Eikonal Approximation, Wilson Lines -- 2.3.2 Deep Inelastic Scattering in Dipole Frame -- 2.3.3 The Dipole-Nucleon S-Matrix -- 2.3.4 Multiple Scattering, Momentum Broadening,Saturation -- 2.3.5 Phenomenological Dipole Model -- 2.4 Propagation in Random Fields -- 2.4.1 McLerran-Venugopalan Model -- 2.5 Non-linear Evolution Equations -- 2.5.1 Dipole Operator in a Fixed Background -- 2.5.2 Balitsky-Kovchegov Equation -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Hydrodynamic Description of Ultrarelativistic Heavy-IonCollisions -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Standard Model of Heavy-Ion Collisions -- 3.1.2 Basic Hydrodynamic Concepts -- 3.1.3 From Global to Local Equilibrium -- 3.1.3.1 Landau and Bjorken Models -- 3.1.4 Navier-Stokes Hydrodynamics. ; 3.1.5 Insights from AdS/CFT -- 3.1.6 RTA Kinetic Equation -- 3.2 Basic Dictionary for Phenomenology -- 3.2.1 Glauber Model -- 3.2.2 Harmonic Flows -- 3.3 Viscous Fluid Dynamics -- 3.3.1 Müller-Israel-Stewart Theory -- 3.3.2 DNMR Theory -- 3.3.3 BRSSS Theory -- 3.3.4 Anisotropic Hydrodynamics -- 3.4 Gradient Expansion -- 3.4.1 Formal Aspects -- 3.4.2 RTA Kinetic Model with Bjorken Geometry -- 3.5 Closing Remarks -- References -- Part II Aspects of Quantum Chromodynamics -- 4 Three Lectures on QCD Phase Transitions -- 4.1 Chiral Symmetry and Phase Transitions in QCD -- 4.1.1 Flavor and Chiral Symmetries -- 4.1.1.1 Flavor Symmetries -- 4.1.1.2 Chiral Symmetry -- 4.1.2 Second-Order Transitions for Two Flavors -- 4.1.2.1 Chiral Phase Transition for Massless Pions -- 4.1.2.2 Chiral Phase Transition with Massive Pions -- 4.1.2.3 Complete Theory for Two Flavors -- 4.1.2.4 Axial Anomaly for Two Flavors -- 4.1.2.5 Chiral Symmetry for Three Flavors -- 4.1.2.6 Sigma Models for χ Symmetry -- 4.1.3 Three Flavors: Cubic Terms Rule the Roost -- 4.1.3.1 Chiral Transition for Three Flavors -- 4.1.3.2 QCD and 2+1 Flavors -- 4.1.3.3 Background Field: Big or Small? -- 4.1.3.4 Critical Endpoint? -- 4.1.3.5 Swept Under the Rug -- 4.1.4 Tetraquarks and the Chiral Transition -- 4.1.4.1 Diquarks and Tetraquarks for Two Flavors -- 4.1.4.2 Sigma Models and Tetraquarks for Two Flavors -- 4.1.4.3 Tetraquarks for Three Flavors -- 4.1.4.4 Mirror Model at T=0 -- 4.1.4.5 Two Chiral Transitions with Tetraquarks? -- 4.1.4.6 Columbia Phase Diagram for Light Quarks. Tetraquarks in the Plane of (T, μ) -- 4.2 Deconfining Phase Transition in Pure Gauge Theories -- 4.2.1 Polyakov Loop and Hidden Global Symmetries -- 4.2.1.1 Hidden Symmetry -- 4.2.1.2 Global Z(3) Symmetry -- 4.2.1.3 Lines and Loops -- 4.2.1.4 Confinement as Z(3) Domains. Deconfinement at Non-zero Temperature. ; 4.2.2 Z(3) Interface Tension, Potential for A0 -- 4.2.2.1 Z(3) Degenerate Vacua -- 4.2.2.2 Tricks to Compute -- 4.2.2.3 Lifting the Degeneracy -- 4.2.2.4 Z(3) Interface Tension. A Tunneling Problem -- 4.2.2.5 Lattice: Z(N) Interfaces = 't Hooft Loop -- 4.2.3 Results from the Lattice, Pure Glue and Not -- 4.2.3.1 Lattice: Renormalized Loop, No Quarks -- 4.2.3.2 Lattice: Renormalized Loop, with Quarks -- 4.2.4 Matrix Model for Pure Glue Theories -- 4.2.4.1 Path to -- 4.2.4.2 Matrix Model for Pure Glue -- 4.2.4.3 Gross-Witten-Wadia Transition and Matrix Models at Infinite N -- 4.3 Chiral Matrix Models for QCD -- 4.3.1 The Quark-Gluon Plasma Near the CriticalTemperature -- 4.3.2 Effective Lagrangians for Chiral Symmetry -- 4.3.3 Solution at T=0 -- 4.3.4 Solution at T≠0 -- 4.3.5 Equations of State and Order Parameters -- 4.3.6 Baryon Susceptibilities -- 4.3.7 Suppression of Color in the Semi-QGP -- 4.3.8 Dilepton Rates -- 4.3.9 Real Photon Production -- Appendix: Exercises -- Exercise 1 -- Exercise 2 -- Exercise 3 -- Solution 1 -- Solution 2 -- Solution 3 -- References -- 5 Effective Approaches to QCD -- 5.1 QCD and Phases of Strongly Interacting Matter -- 5.1.1 Pictures of Confinement -- 5.1.2 Color Charge and Static Quark Potential -- 5.1.3 Quark Masses -- 5.1.4 Chiral Symmetry -- 5.1.5 Order Parameters in QCD -- 5.1.5.1 Quark Condensate -- 5.1.5.2 Wilson Loop -- 5.1.5.3 Temporal Wilson Loop -- 5.1.5.4 Spatial Wilson Loop -- 5.1.5.5 Polyakov Loop Correlator -- 5.1.5.6 Polyakov Loop -- 5.1.5.7 Spatial 't Hooft Loop -- 5.2 Magnetic Monopole Picture of Confinement -- 5.2.1 Meissner Effect in Superconductors -- 5.2.2 Emergence of Magnetic Monopoles in QCD -- 5.2.3 Induced Magnetic Monopole -- 5.2.4 Dual Superconductor Models of QCD -- 5.3 Center Vortex Picture of Confinement -- 5.3.1 Introduction -- 5.3.2 Lattice Gauge Theory -- 5.3.3 Center Projection. ; 5.3.4 The Random Vortex Model -- 5.3.5 Topology of Center vortices and Chiral Symmetry Breaking -- 5.3.6 Center Vortex Dominance -- 5.3.7 Conclusions -- 5.4 Hamiltonian Approach to QCD in Coulomb Gauge -- 5.4.1 Introduction -- 5.4.2 Canonical Quantization of Yang-Mills Theory -- 5.4.3 Variational Solution for the Yang-Mills Vacuum Wave Functional -- 5.4.4 Hamiltonian Formulation of QCD in Coulomb Gauge -- 5.4.5 Alternative Hamiltonian Approach to Finite-Temperature QFT -- 5.4.6 Conclusions -- Appendix: Exercises -- References -- 6 Heavy Flavors and Exotic Hadrons -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 What Are Exotic Hadrons? -- 6.1.2 Importance of Studying Exotic Hadrons -- 6.1.3 Main Subject of This Lecture: Charm and Bottom Exotic Hadrons -- 6.1.4 Introduction of Review Articles on X, Y, Z Hadrons -- 6.2 Theoretical Framework for Heavy Hadrons -- 6.2.1 Heavy Quark Spin Symmetry -- 6.2.1.1 Heavy Quark Effective Theory -- 6.2.1.2 Heavy Quark Spin Symmetry -- 6.2.1.3 1/mQ Corrections -- 6.2.2 Heavy Hadron Effective Theory -- 6.3 Heavy Exotic Hadrons -X, Y, Z Hadrons- -- 6.3.1 Quarkonia -- 6.3.2 X(3872) -- 6.3.3 Y(4260) -- 6.3.4 Zc(4430)+ and Zc(3900)+ -- 6.3.5 Yb(10888) -- 6.3.6 Zb(10610)+ and Zb(10650)+ -- 6.3.7 Pc(4380) and Pc(4450): Charm Pentaquark -- 6.3.8 Miscellaneous Exotic Hadrons -- 6.3.9 Tcc -New Possible Exotic Hadrons- -- 6.4 Heavy Hadrons in Nuclear Matter -- 6.4.1 Flavor Nuclei: From Strangeness to Charm and Bottom -- 6.4.2 Topics on Anti-heavy-Light (q) Meson in Nuclear Matter -- 6.4.2.1 Interaction -- 6.4.2.2 Properties in Nuclear Matter -- 6.4.2.3 Kondo Effect -- 6.5 Summary -- Appendix: Exercises -- Exercise 1: Feshbach Resonance in One-Dimensional System -- Basics -- Feshbach Resonance -- Exercise 2: Simple Model of the Kondo Effect -- Exercise 3: Resonance States in One-Dimensional System -- References. ; Part III Simulations of QCD and Heavy-Ion Collisions -- 7 Flavored Aspects of QCD Thermodynamics from Lattice QCD -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 QCD Thermodynamics and Strangeness -- 7.2.1 Tc and the Equation of State -- 7.2.2 HRG and Missing Strange Baryons -- 7.2.3 Strangeness Freeze-Out -- 7.2.4 Taylor Expansion in Chemical Potential -- 7.2.5 Equation of State in a Strangeness Neutral System -- 7.2.6 Melting and Abundance of Open Charm Hadrons -- 7.2.7 Conclusions -- 7.3 Basics of Lattice Gauge Theory -- 7.3.1 Discretization of Space-Time Points -- 7.3.2 Gauge Transformation and Gauge Action -- 7.3.3 Renormalization and Continuum Limit -- 7.4 Basics of Monte Carlo Integration -- 7.4.1 Importance Sampling -- 7.4.2 Markov Chain -- Appendix: Exercises -- Exercise 1 -- Exercise 2 -- Exercise 3 -- References -- 8 Spectral and Transport Properties from Lattice QCD -- 8.1 Motivation -- 8.2 Hadronic Correlation Functions -- 8.3 Inversion Methods -- 8.4 Thermal Dilepton Rate and Electrical Conductivity -- 8.4.1 Continuum Extrapolated Vector Meson Correlation Functions -- 8.4.2 Lattice Estimate on the Thermal Dilepton Rate and Electrical Conductivity -- 8.5 Lattice Estimate of Thermal Photon Rate -- 8.6 Charmonia and Bottomonia Spectral Function from LatticeQCD -- 8.6.1 Free Spectral Function -- 8.6.2 Spectral Functions of Charmonia and Bottomonia in the Pseudo-Scalar Channel -- 8.6.3 Spectral Functions of Charmonia and Bottomonia in the Vector Channel -- 8.7 Heavy Quark Momentum Diffusion Coefficient -- 8.8 Conclusions -- Exercises -- Exercise 1 -- Exercise 2 -- Exercise 3 -- Exercise 4 -- References -- 9 Monte-Carlo Statistical Hadronization in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions -- 9.1 Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions -- 9.2 Relativistic Perfect Fluid Dynamics -- 9.3 Fluid Dynamics from Kinetic Theory. ; 9.4 Event-Averaged Initial Conditions for Fluid Dynamics.
• Titolo autorizzato: Understanding the origin of matter
• ISBN: 3-030-95491-9
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 996490351903316
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. di Salerno
• Serie: Lecture Notes in Physics